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Topic: Romanian Old Kingdom

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	Kingdom of Yugoslavia - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		The Yugoslav kingdom bordered Italy and Austria to the northwest, Hungary and Romania to the north, Bulgaria to the east, Greece and Albania to the south, and the Adriatic Sea to the west.
		The Kingdom of Yugoslavia was soon divided by the Axis into several entities: Hungary and Bulgaria annexed some border areas, Croatia was made into the Independent State of Croatia, and a rump Serbian state was created under the administration of Milan Nedić, which still recognized Peter II as King.
		From 1918 to 1922, Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes continued to be subdivided into the pre-World War I divisions of Austria-Hungary and the formerly independent Balkan states of Serbia and Montenegro.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia (3452 words)

	History of Romanians
		Owing to their position, the Romanians south of the Danube were the first to be mentioned in historical sources (the 10th century), under the name of vlahi or blahi (Wallachians); this name shows they were speakers of a Romance language and that the non-Roman peoples around them recognised this fact.
		A Romanian army, under the personal command of Prince Carol I, crossed the Danube and participated in the siege of Pleven; the result was the surrender of the Ottoman army led by Osman Pasha (December 10, 1877).
		At that time the National Romanian Party in Transylvania played an important role in asserting the Romanian national identity; the party was reorganized in 1881 and it became the standard bearer in the struggle to achieve recognition of equal rights of the Romanian nation and it the resistance against the denationalization projects.
	www.roembus.org /english/romanian_links/history_of_romanians.htm (5696 words)

	The Gold Stag
		The old woman was known throughout all of the neighboring villages for being as clever as she was wicked and cruel.
		The old woman went to the old man and told him that he must get rid of the children or she would never again eat with him or speak to him.
		The old man was completely distraught and begged his wife to relent and allow the children to stay but she would not be swayed.
	www.dragonrest.net /romanian/goldstag.html (2502 words)

	Romanian Old Kingdom - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Romanian Old Kingdom (Romanian: Vechiul Regat or just Regat; German: Regat or Altreich) is a colloquial term referring to the territory covered by the first independent Romanian nation state, which was composed of the Danubian Principalities — Wallachia and Moldavia.
		The region itself is defined by the result of that political act, followed by the inclusion of Northern Dobruja in 1878, the proclamation of the Kingdom of Romania in 1881, and the annexation of Southern Dobruja in 1913.
		The term came into use after World War I, when the Old Kingdom was opposed to Greater Romania, which included Transylvania, Banat, Bessarabia, and Bukovina.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Romanian_Old_Kingdom (258 words)

	Romanian History
		The Romanian land is rich with petroleum deposits, placing the country in second position among European nations in terms of oil resources.
		Linguistically, Romanian is a Romance language, formed from a group of languages rooted in spoken Latin.
		Romanian independence was granted a year later by the Berlin International Peace Congress.
	my.execpc.com /29/E9/raa/romanian_history.htm (1941 words)

	Kingdom of Romania
		The Romanians' expressed desire to officially join in a single state being unsupported by the Great Powers, the electors in both Moldavia on January 17, 1859 and Wallachia on February 5, 1859 chose Alexander John Cuza (Alexandru Ioan Cuza) as prince under the nominal suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire.
		In 1892, the national struggle of the Romanians reached an acme through the Memorandum Movement, which called the attention of Emperor Franz Joseph I and of the European public opinion to the Romanians’ demands, and the intolerance of the Budapest government as to the national matter.
		The Romanian Communist Party, established in 1921, and which had an small number of members, was banned in 1924.
	www.romaniantours.com /kingdom_of_romania.html (1223 words)

	Romanian language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Romanian or Rumanian (Română) is an Eastern Romance language, spoken mainly in Romania, Moldova (where it is the official language) and neighbouring countries (Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Ukraine and Greece) but there are many emigrants of Romanian origin especially in Canada, Germany, Israel, United States and Australia.
		All the four dialects are offsprings of the Romance languge spoken both in the North and South Danube, before the settlement of the Slavonian tribes south of the river - Daco-Romanian in North, and the other three dialects in the South.
		Heathcote as a Roman weight; but on being cleaned, it proved to seal to be made for himself by Simon, a noted medallist, and he had Vertue saw it in 1710, in the collection of a Mr.
	www.explainthat.info /ro/romanian-language.html (844 words)

	Romanian Forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Michael the Brave (Romanian: Mihai Viteazul) (1558-9 August 1601) was the Prince of Wallachia (1593-1601), of Transylvania (1599-1600), and of Moldavia (1600).
		Romanian tourism focuses on the country's natural landscapes and its history, from medieval and Saxon villages with fortified churches in Transylvania to hot Black Sea shores and the heights of the Carpathian Mountains.
		The official language is Romanian, a Romance language of the Italic subfamily of the family of Indo-European languages.
	www.romanian.eu.com (5599 words)

	HUNSOR - Romania - the past, the present and future
		Romanians were so poor they had no belts left to tighten; and they could hardly be tempted by the reward of long-term improvement.
		Because the Romanian leader was happy to criticize the Russians and send his gymnasts to the Los Angeles Olympics, the Americans and others said nothing about his domestic crimes (at least until the rise of Mikhail Gorbachev, after which the West had no use for an anti-Soviet maverick dictator).
		Romanian antiquarians claim that Dacian tribes survived the Roman occupation and maintained unbroken settlement in Transylvania; Hungarians insist that when the Magyars arrived from the east in the tenth century the place was essentially empty, with Romanians coming later.
	www.geocities.com /ihunsor/erdelyipanorama/aboutromtoday.htm (5908 words)

	The Romanian Jewish Community
		The fate of the Romanian Gypsies was all the more tragic because some of them had been fighting as members of the Romanian army on the eastern front even as the deportations got under way.
		However, Romanian officials did want to solve” the Ukrainian question” there, based on Antonescu's advocacy of forced migration of the entire Ukrainian element.” This intention was opposed by German officials, who wished to utilize Ukrainian nationalists for their own purposes, something that irked Romanian officials.
		After the Berlin encounter between Hitler and Mihai Antonescu on November 27, 1941, the Romanian dignitary complained: I asked the Fuhrer to clarify his stance on the Ukrainian question, because in Bukovina elements in the German army favored the Ukrainians, and the Romanian government would soon have to develop a position.
	www.romanianjewish.org /en/cap7.html (1399 words)

	Village Tourism (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab1.cs.virginia.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		On the old location of the village, the place called “Gunoiste” existed before 1720 a wooden church which due to the transformation of the centre of the village around 1740, was moved on the Crisului hill.
		The locality is situated on the Crisului Alb valley, at the crossing of the roads that traverse the county from north to south (from Arad – Siria – Pancota) with the ones from east to west (Varsand – Chisineu Cris – Ineu – Varfurile).
		The old residence of the voivodes in the middle eve, centre of an important and expanded feudal area, Siria passed in its rich history flourishing periods, as well as sieges and military conflicts.
	www.euronet-village.com.cob-web.org:8888 /content.aspx?g=d&idc=5&lang=1 (3068 words)

	Personal Testimonies: Ihiel Benditer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		During the second part of September 1942, a total of 1,201 Jews were deported to Vapniarca from the various regions of The Old Romanian Kingdom and Transylvania.
		Romanian gendarmes gradually turned most of them over to the Germans, who either took them to labour camps near the Bug River or executed them.
		In the face of the advancing Red Army, the Romanian prison guards withdrew during the night of March 20, 1944, and turned the 54 inmates over to an SS unit under the command of the German officer, named Schwatzkalb.
	www.nizkor.org /hweb/people/c/carmelly-felicia/benditer-ihiel.html (6887 words)

	The Nationalism Project: Book review of Cultural Politics in Greater Romania
		Urban centers were minority enclaves: over 40 percent of the Romanian urban population was non-Romanian, a figure that reached two-thirds in the urban centers of the new provinces of Transylvania, Bukovina and Bessarabia (9-10).
		Creating a strong Romanian national ethos in the new provinces would not only safeguard them against potential revisionist threats from Hungary and the Soviet Union, but would serve to “elevate” a largely peasant Romanian population to take the place of non-Romanian urban elites.
		Ethnic Romanians were in fact over-represented at the university level: 80 percent of the study body, compared to 72 percent of the country's population.
	www.nationalismproject.org /books/bookrevs/Livezeanu.html (570 words)

	Consulate General of Romania in Los Angeles - Principal Consular Services (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The invitation should be extended by a Romanian natural or legal person, notarized by a Romanian notary public and approved by the Division for Foreigners, Migration Issues and Passports in Bucharest.
		3.1 The authentication of powers of attorney, which Romanian citizens being in the US wish to give to persons in Romania (power of attorney for sales, purchases, pensions, judicial representation or general administration), is made by appearing personally before the consul, at the consular office with identity papers (consular fee $45).
		In case of papers needed for the adoption of a Romanian child or other papers, such as powers of attorney, which are to be used in Romania, the Consulate General legalizes the seal and signature of the Department of State (consular fee $30).
	www.romanian.org /consulat/services.html (1567 words)

	Home Page
		In the same way, the folk art of the Transylvanian Romanians is identical with those of Moldavia and Wallachia, and they clearly show the Slavic influences, the Bulgarian, Greek, and importanat Albanian motifs, picked up by the migrating Vlach herdsmen on their way from the Albanian border to their present location.
		Old tombstones are destroyed, ancient churches "remodelled" in such a way that they lose their Hungarian character.
		The Romanian culture is entirely different from that known as the "Transylvanian culture", which is in reality a regional diversity of the West-oriented Hungarian culture.
	hun.s5.com (2229 words)

	KFOR: KFOR Chronicle:
		The Romanian Government chose in 1866 to offer the throne to the 27 year old Prince Carol of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, who became King Carol I in 1881.
		During the first two years of the WW I, King Ferdinand continued his predecessor's policy of neutrality, but on August 14, 1916 the King's Council decided to enter the war on the side of the Allies (Entente Powers).
		After Bessarabia and Bucovina National Assemblies decided the union with Romanian kingdom, on 1 December 1918 the representatives of the people of Transylvania, Banat and Crisana decided also on unification with Romania "for all ages to come".
	www.nato.int /kfor/chronicle/2003/chronicle_05/18.htm (702 words)

	[No title]
		The Romanian Army entered only half the city on 17 May 1919 (when a Romanian censoring office was installed near the French one).
		Thus the Romanian Postal Administration in 'Ta' began on 1 February 1919; in 'Tb' on 20 April 1919; in Arad on 10 July 1919; and in BW on 20 August 1919.
		Thus on 1 February 1919 begins what is known in Romanian postal history as the "Provisional State" period (namely the first stage of the "transition" period of the Romanian Postal Service in the former Hungarian territories.) This 'provisional' period is characterised by the use of former Hungarian postal materials as Romanian provisional ones.
	membres.lycos.fr /dgrecu/19TrzEng.Htm (2345 words)

	[No title]
		In 1916 the Romanian Kingdom ("Old Romania") was composed of the old principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia (united in 1859), the northern Dobrudja (united in 1878), and the southern Dobrudja ceded to Romania in 1913 following the second Balkan war.
		The Romanian armies crossed the Austro-Hungarian borders on August 28, 1916 but following a short victorious campaign were forced to withdraw following pressure from German divisions transferred from other fronts and defeat on the southern (Dobruja) front.
		Before the occupation of Bucharest, the Romanian government decided on November 12/25 1916 to move all the official institutions to Iasi which was the "historical capital" of Moldavia.
	membres.lycos.fr /dgrecu/cenzWWI.html (3448 words)

	The Axis - www.canadiansoldiers.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		As these forces were over-extended during the advance to Stalingrad, the Soviets took advantage of their weaknesses, and smashed the Romanian forces on the flanks of the 6th Army at Stalingrad, and proceeded to destroy the Italian and Hungarian forces in the region as well.
		As the German forces are driven from the Soviet Union and towards the borders of the minor Axis partners, the Romanian, Hungarian and Slovakian armies briefly revitalize and prepare to defend their native territory.
		The final phase of the war in the East saw the Romanians and Finns actively opposed to the Germans, and Slovakia occupied by the Germans, with Hungary still an ally due to a German coup and new fascist government in power.
	www.canadiansoldiers.com /mediawiki-1.5.5/index.php?title=The_Axis (15299 words)

	Romanian Athenaeum - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Romanian Athenaeum (Romanian: Ateneul Român) is a concert hall in the center of Bucharest, Romania.
		The Romanian Atheneum Society was founded in 1865 by Constantin Esarcu, V. Ureche, and Nicolae Creţulescu.
		On December 29, 1919, the Atheneum was the site of the conference of leading Romanians who voted to ratify the unification of Bessarabia, Transylvania, and Bukovina with the Romanian Old Kingdom to constitute Greater Romania.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Romanian_Athenaeum (305 words)

	Room Six -- Library -- Romanian Knowledge Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		It was only after the Treaty of Trianon that the myth of the non-continuity of the Roumanians in Transylvania, of their arrival during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, was set up as dogma by Hungarian polemists.
		Radu was by tradition confused with the legendary Negru-Voda and became a hybrid Radu-Negru (Rudolphe the Black).
		The official title of Mircea the Old was 'Grand Voivode of all the land of Ungro-Vlachia
	members.fortunecity.com /aromanian/ghika_old.html (8611 words)

	DePriest Notes
		Some think in terms of the restoration of the davidic kingdom, others in terms of the cosmic redemption and renewal that is illustrated in the prophesying of Isaiah.
		But among the limitations, the popularity of judaism was its ethnocentric character.*** this meant that if you were a roman and became a member of the jewish commun, you had to dissociate yourself from life and on the fringes.
		The old time rel seemed not to be speaking to that period in Roman history.
	old.vts.edu /2001/ch1/depriest.htm (22195 words)

	Prince Charming, the Golden-Haired
		The entire household with the exception of the youngest princess, followed the bridal party to the border of the eldest's new kingdom.
		An old and wise nobleman suggested that the servants should also walk through the loggia and the King ordered that this be done.
		One night the King had a dream in which an old man told him that if he bathed his eyes in the milk of wild red goats his sight would be restored.
	www.dragonrest.net /romanian/golden.html (4603 words)

	romanian gymnastics 1st website to visit for news,photos,videos,forum,exclusive interviews!
		Our Romanian gymnastics website have worldwide contributors and is an independent source of information's about news in Romanian gymnastics.
		Romanians have had their say about who is their country's greatest figure, digging deep into the past to choose Stefan cel Mare (Stephen the Great).
		...Overseas, Romanians recently voted Stephen III of Moldavia, also known as Stephen the Great, also known as Who The Hell Is He, the greatest Romanian of all time.
	www.romanian-gymnastics.com (2371 words)

	History of Romania
		The Romanian expression România Mare (literal translation “Great Romania”) generally refers to the Romanian state in the years between the First and Second World Wars and, by extension, to the territory Romania covered at the time.
		The Romanian term “România Mare” is sometimes translated as “Great Romania”, both to refer to the historic notion, and to translate the name of the political party.
		The union of the regions of Transylvania, Maramures,, Cris,ana and Banat with the Old Kingdom of Romania was ratified in 1920 by the Treaty of Trianon which recognised the sovereignty of Romania over these regions and settled the border between the independent Republic of Hungary and the Kingdom of Romania.
	romania.ido.ro /history-romania-1/5 (468 words)

	At the End of the War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Romanian army foiled Nazi attempts at revenge, and possibly even the deportation of the Jews of Bucharest, at the end of August 1944.
		The Romanian army also repelled Nazi attacks until the entry of the Soviet army into the capital in late August 1944.
		After the war, while Romanian regained northern Transylvania, it lost to Russia northern Bucovina and Bessarabia, and to Bulgaria, a stretch of land in southern Dobrogea.
	www.vex.net /~nizkor/hweb/people/c/carmelly-felicia/at-end-of-war.html (344 words)

	ROMANIAN MYTHOLOGY
		At Limanu (Constanta County), Derzelas appears shown on horseback, as he similarly may be seen on the Racatau and Zimnicea old pottery, or the Bucharest-Herastrau and Surcea (Constanta County again) discovered hoards.
		A head of the Goddess was discovered at Costesti, while archaeological digging around ruins of the old Sarmisegetuza fortress has brought to light a burned clay made medallion (measuring 10 cm in diameter and 1.5 cm thickness) showing a Goddess bust with a quiver on shoulder.
		The walls were initially meant to protect the sacred space within, and in the middle, flames were lit in a fireplace which were constantly taken care of to keep alight.
	www.angelfire.com /md/Orastie/mythology.html (3845 words)

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