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Topic: Romanian folklore

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	Romanian Holidays (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Romanian traditions have retained myths and rites from that age, thus drawing Romania close to the cradle of the European culture.
		Romanians traditionally were farmers who worked the land, kept vineyards, raised cattle or lived as shepherds.
		Over the long course of time, Romanian spirituality was externalized and manifested throughout the territory of the country, and it was always created to be attuned to the soul of the land.
	my.execpc.com /~raa/romanian_holidays.htm (3485 words)

	Romanian literature
		The printing of Romanian religious books continued in the 17th century and was given new impetus in Transylvania, Walachia, and Moldavia by the controversy resulting from the Protestant Reformation.
		Romanian literature of the 20th century was rooted in the traditions of the 19th.
		The diversity of styles was illustrated by Nichifor Crainic's religious traditionalist tendency, the mathematical form of I. Barbu's poems, and the influence of French and German lyric in Ion Pillat's verse.
	gbg59.tripod.com /web/romlit.htm (1786 words)

	Culture - Modernity and the Avant-Garde in Romanian Music, 1920-1940
		It is the establishing, in December 1920, of the Romanian Composers' Society (chaired by George Enescu, the secretary general being Constantin Brailoiu) which creates the organising frame and the main directions in the artistic strategy of "note writers" arctivity.
		Coming back to the landscape of Romanian musical composition after 1930,, first of all we have to notice that the most important bridge between the new decade and the modernism of the 1920s - that is the intentional "schocking", especially grotesque-comic treatment of the indigenous musical element - becomes gradually thinner towards the mid-1930s.
		Firca) twice abstract: firstly by the selection from the folklore of those elements (the quasi-formalised, crystallised musical themes of the carols) which form a possible correspondent of the motifs of the folklore sewing, and secondly by the use of the polytonal (imitative) counterpoint, mainly capable of rendering the play of lines in a musical "drawing".
	www.ici.ro /romania/en/cultura/m_muz2.html (3159 words)

	My Sound of Music Project- History of Romanian Music
		At the end of the sixteenth century, the Romanian church begins its struggle for imposing the national language, a process which will be materialized in the eighteen century by Filothei sin Agai Jipei's work of "Romaniazing" the church hymnsin Wallachia.
		On the model of the Latin Scholae of Western Europe, in the Romanian principalities (Tarile Romane) appeared the Schola Bistricensis (at Bistrita), the Schola Latina (at Cotnari)Schola Cornensis (at Brasov), the Collegium Bethlenianum (at Alba Iulia), where music was taught as part of the Septem artes liberales (the seven liberal arts).
		Romanian presence at international festivals gained a new dimension but not only by stability, but also by the massive participation of the young musicians.
	www.geocities.com /petrudumitru/mysound/history_romanianmusic.html (1391 words)

	Selected Bibliography of Recent Works on Romanian Folklore
		A reprint of a classic work from 1976 which covers the basic premises and genres of Romanian oral literature; this edition is significantly revised, including the removal of several chapters and all excerpts from the writings of Nicolae Ceausescu (the longstanding Romanian dictator who was executed in December 1989).
		Amzulescu, a leading specialist on Romanian oral poetry and an emeritus scholar formerly employed at the Institute of Ethnography and Folklore in Bucharest, presents a monograph on the generic "song proper" as collected in Muscel between 1954 and 1962.
		An exploration of ancient patterns of courtship and marriage ritual in Romanian heroic epic by a prominent senior researcher at the Institute of Ethnography and Folklore in Bucharest.
	www.arts.ualberta.ca /SEEFA/ROMBIB.HTM (634 words)

	Romania - IBWiki
		Not long after the war, the first ideas of Romanian unification are being born and soon the first outlines are being made for the establishment of united Romanian nations.
		Until late 18th century the fine arts in the Romanian lands followed two distinct traditions: the Byzantine tradition (the two Romanian states and the Orthodox zone represented by the Romanian Transyvanians) and the Western tradition (the Transylvanian zones inhabited by Transylvanian Saxons, Magyars, Szecklers and the Banat areas populated with Swabians).
		Moreover, it was a final breakaway from the previous cultural world, determined by a radical change of the Romanian society (an accelerated process of westernisation and liberalisation, the change of the literary language by its connection to the European styles, as well as of the institutional aspect of culture).
	ib.frath.net /w/Romania (1499 words)

	Romanians - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Romanian people are a nation in the meaning an ethnos (in Romanian: popor), defined more by a sense of sharing a common Romanian culture and having a Romanian mother tongue, than by citizenship or by being subjects to any particular country.
		Romanian Catholics are present in Transylvania, Bucharest, and parts of Moldavia, belonging to both the Eastern Rite (Romanian Catholic Church) and the Roman Rite (Roman Catholic Church).
		Note: also 481,593 Moldovans declared Romanian as their mother tongue and the Moldovan language is widely viewed as the official name used in the Republic of Moldova for the Romanian language, thus adding 2,011,403 to the number of Romanian speakers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Romanians (3029 words)

	FOLKLORE AND FOLK ART
		Romanian folklore is probably the most varied and traditional in the whole of Europe.
		It is accompanied by a flute or a Romanian bagpipe.
		The great resemblance of the Romanian folk costume to those of the Dacians represented on the Column of Trajan in Rome and on the monument at Adamclisi, proves the age and the continuity of the Romanian folk costume tradition.
	www.travelnet.co.il /ROMANIA/06-Folklore.htm (1998 words)

	Vampire - Monstropedia - the largest encyclopedia about monsters
		The Vârcolac which is sometimes mentioned in folklore was more closely related to a mythological wolf that could devour the sun and moon (similar to Fenris in Norse mythology), and later became connected with werewolves rather than vampires.
		In Philippine folklore, the Manananggal was a female vampire whose entire upper body could separate from her lower body and who could fly using wings.
		In the modern folklore of Latin America, the chupacabra (goat-sucker) is said to be a creature that feeds upon the flesh or drinks the blood of domesticated animals, leading some to consider it vampiric.
	www.monstropedia.org /index.php?title=Vampire (4632 words)

	Vampire - The Black Vault Encyclopedia Project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Vampires are mythical or folkloric creatures, typically held to be the re-animated corpses of human beings and said to subsist on human and/or animal blood (hematophagy), often having unnatural powers, heightened bodily functions, and/or the ability to physically transform.
		In early Slavic folklore, a vampire drank blood, was afraid of (but could not be killed by) silver and could be destroyed by cutting off its head and putting it between the corpse's legs or by putting a wooden stake into its heart.
		Its portrayal of vampirism as a disease (contagious demonic possession), with its undertones of sex, blood, and death, struck a chord in a Victorian Europe where tuberculosis and syphilis were common.
	www.blackvault.com /wiki/index.php/Vampire (4676 words)

	Window to Romania - Famous Romanians
		The operetta "Crai nou" (New Moon)" - the first Romanian operetta - and many of his choral songs, inspired from the Romanian folklore, and "Balada for violin and piano" (which he composed in 1880, in the course of one week) are the most famous among his works.
		He later studied the conservatory and he was the conductor for many years of the famous Romanian folkloric ensemble " The Skylark".
		Romanian soprano, very famous in Europe, Darclée initiated her studies in Bucharest, perfecting herself later in Paris.
	www.windowtoromania.org /famous2.asp?catid=3 (1079 words)

	Enescu Conference: Abstracts
		This paper explores the Romanian influence in the oeuvre of Astrinidis and describes the conditions of his cultural migration from Romanian folklore to Greek nationalism.
		In this lecture recital, the tenets of this Romanian national school will be presented, such as the usage of parlando rubato and doïna, traditional dance structures (brâu and batuta), as well as their combination in creation of the Romanian nationalist identity.
		What is conveyed in Romanian musicological literature is that the generation of composers who came after Enescu’s death had their musical “roots” in some or other musical technique (heterophony, unisons) used by Enescu in his music, such that, one can discern the similarities and the coherencies among the new generation of composers’ music.
	web.gc.cuny.edu /brookcenter/EnescuAbstracts.htm (3008 words)

	Romanian Customs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Deriving, the Romanian folklore has retained rites and myths, which bring it close to the cradle of the European culture, to the zone of the Eastern Mediterranean.
		Essentially sedentary and strongly aware of their continuity, the Romanian people created during the centuries their own folk culture crystallized in a unitary system, a culture which in its essential elements is fabulous.
		However, the masterpieces of the Romanian anonymous epos are “Miorita”(The Ewe Lamb), a tragically pastoral ballad of a matchless nobleness of feeling and visionary grandeur, expressing death understood as man’s integration in nature.
	www.lrgs.org.uk /?sp=1260 (854 words)

	AISB MYP Romanian Language Grade 6
		Romanian Studies is a survey course intended to help students, both Romanian and foreign, to better appreciate and understand the country in which they live.
		Romanian Studies uses an interdisciplinary curriculum that incorporates the studies of the culture, history, geography, arts, current events, and language of Romania.
		The course is designed to be a general introduction to Romanian life and culture.
	www.aisb.ro /secondary/myp/c6rom6.html (198 words)

	Romanian-Portal.com - Romanian Celebrities (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		He was a senator (representing the University of Cluj) in 1922-1926, Rector of the University of Cluj (1929-1930), president of the Romanian Academy of Sciences (1926-1929), Director of the Speleological Institute (1920-1947), and member of various scientific associations.
		Tonitza was a brilliant personality of the Romanian art between the two world wars, becoming conspicuous as painter, drawer, critic and teacher of art.
		He was member of the Romanian Academy, doctor honoris causa of the universities from Athens and Bratislava, president of the International Diplomatical Academy.
	www.romanian-portal.com /us/eng/about_romania.asp?id=33 (4861 words)

	Central Europe Review - 2000: A YEAR FOR EMINESCU
		On the second level he would explore Romanian folklore examining existential perceptions such as time, emotion, space, beauty, idealism and realism, myth and sentiment, the spirit and the soul, love and hatred.
		Today, many Romanians consider Eminescu to be the 'National Poet' of Romania and an integral component of Romanian culture, just as Shakespeare or Byron offer an association with national identity in other cultures.
		His exploration of Romanian folklore underlined the essence of Romanian nationality and has been transformed over the decades to enhance the development of Romanian culture.
	www.ce-review.org /00/3/lovatt3.html (779 words)

	Theodor Vasilescu
		The instructor for the amateur folkloric group "Cununa Carpatilor" Folklore Ensemble for which he played was the famous instructor and folklore collector, Gheorge Popescu-Judetz, from whom Theodor learned to dance and teach, when Gheorge noticed that Theodor was correcting the dancers' steps and styling.
		He was head of Choreographie at the National Center for the Preservationa and Promotion of Folklore, was head choreographer for "Cununa Carpatilor" Folklore Ensemble in Bucharest, and was a teacher of Romanian folk and character dance at the Theater and Film Academy of Bucharest.
		Theodor is now an independent choreographer and dance instructor, as well as the leader of the Folklore Dance Academy and the president of the National Association of Folklore Choreographers of Romania.
	www.phantomranch.net /folkdanc/teachers/vasilescu_t.htm (964 words)

	presentation of Romanian folk costumes
		Looking for a (tentatively promising) folklore link from the Alexandru Papiu Ilarian Highschool,Dej(their server http://lcjdap.soroscj.ro seems to be down) I found something even more interesting --a page dedicated to children's folklore(Romanian games and rhymes in there too).
		The Romanian folk costume is influenced by the one of its neighbors, while keeping its own two thousand years old features.
		The range and dosage of hues are used to create "signs of age", as is the case of red-fl combination in the costumes of the northern Romanian regions of Maramures and Oas.
	grove.ufl.edu /~romanian/RSA_folk_2001.htm (673 words)

	Theodor & Lia Vasilescu (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In Romania, numerous folklore performances and choreographies at professional and amateur dance ensembles, currently in their repertoire, are the creation of Theodor.
		Theodor is the author of a system of Romanian Characterdance studies used in various dance ensembles from Romania and abroad.
		Even during school in Sibiu she was attracted by music and dance, studying classical music and taking ballet lessons at the local Art School.
	theodorandlia.go.ro (366 words)

	romanian flag
		Sigillography attests that at certain historical stages, the Romanian flag had the three colours arranged horizontally with the red in the upper part, the yellow in the middle and the blue in the lower part.
		The Romanian tricolour (the colours red, yellow and blue are to be found also in Romania's coat of arms) resisted, as a symbol, even after the advent of communism in this country, when the entire heraldry of the USSR's satellites was reduced to a caricature.
		In the course of time, poems and hymns were dedicated to the Romanian tricolour; one of these, Three Colours, on music by Ciprian Porumbescu, has been very mobilising and is one of the most liked by the Romanians.
	traveltoromania.netfirms.com /romania-flag.html (882 words)

	Romanian mythology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This article on Romanian mythology covers both the mythology traditional to the Romanian people and to certain earlier civilizations that occupied the same geographic area, and whom the ethnic Romanians tend to claim either as spiritual or as more literal ancestors.
		Vampire - Blood-drinking vampires are not part of Romanian mythology, but are widely associated with Romania (and, in particular, Transylvania) due to Bram Stoker's Dracula.
		See strigoi and moroi, which are more phantom- or wizard-like creatures.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Romanian_folklore (178 words)

	CORA - Congress of Romanian Americans
		He said that Law 10/2001 continues to be administered in a prejudicial manner, and urged the Romanian government to broaden the scope of in-kind restitution.
		Romanian Television in the U.S. Romanian Satellite Network is a new network created with the purpose of bringing the best in Romanian television to all the Romanian families living in America.
		Its main goal is to objectively present the Romanian tradition and news by broadcasting three distinctive television channels that provide access 24 hours a day to the most popular TV programs from Romania.
	www.romanianamericans.org /nsltr_winter_spring_04.html (2399 words)

	"Female composers in Romania" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		She was a graduate of the faculty of philosophy of Bucharest and became a doctor of musicology at Sorbonne in 1976.
		Her diploma paper is entitled "Originality of the Romanian music as seen in the musical works of Enescu, Jora, and Paul Constantinescu." In 1962, she was appointed to the teaching staff of the Academy of Music of Bucharest where she taught harmony, counterpoint, and musical forms.
		She composed it after the Romanian revolution of 1989 and intended to reflect cosmic conception upon life and death merged into one in Christian belief.
	www.iawm.org /articles_html/odgescu_romanian_composers.html (4182 words)

	FRONTLINE/WORLD . Romania - My Old Haunts . Dracula: The Metamorphosis of a Fiend . Interview with the Vampire Queen: ...
		And the name Dracula in 1994 would mean nothing to 99 percent of the Romanian population, and Stoker's novel wasn't even heard of.
		Now all of a sudden, people are writing that Vlad must have been a vampire during his lifetime or must have been drinking the blood of his enemies or something to make him a vampire.
		But again it shows that on one extreme, you have scholars who are probing into Dracula as a reflection of the cultural anxieties of late Victorian England, and on the other extreme, you get some poor disturbed teenager who's asking his girlfriend to let him suck her blood.
	www.pbs.org /frontlineworld/stories/romania/miller.html (2125 words)

	Bucovina Folk Group Web page
		This page intends to be a kind of a guide or a starting point for all those interested in the Romanian folklore.
		Considerating the richness of this country, the greatest of all is the folklore.
		The Romania folklore esseuce, is so old, it has hundreds of thousands of years, and it has been intouchedly preserved throught the times and it is well - known as one of the most spectaculouse in the world.
	www.geocities.com /bucovinasv (315 words)

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