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	Romanian language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Romanian (limba română IPA /'limba ro'mɨnə/), the official language of Romania, is an Eastern Romance language.
		All the dialects of Romanian are believed to have been unified in a Common Romanian language until sometime between the 7th and the 10th century when the area was influenced by the Byzantine Empire and Romanian became influenced by the Slavonic languages.
		Romanian is one of the five languages in which religious services are performed in the autonomous monastic state of Mount Athos, spoken in the sketae of Prodromos and Lacu (a sketa being a community of monks; sketae is plural).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Romanian_language (2735 words)

	The Romanian Jewish Community
		History - one that has had its tense moments, but also its profuse intertwining, which has enriched the diversity of the Romanian environment - is the best paradigm of that osmosis.
		Romanian, Jewishness is a result of the process, and this specific cultural enrichment can be traced in literature, arts and other spiritual areas, in ways of life, etc. No efforts are great enough to stimulate researches, works, and actions that will shed further light on it.
		While the past and present history of the Romanian Jews was an open secret, the official propaganda loathed seeing it showcased in a museum in which objects and documents bore testimony of a creative Jewish presence in every sector of Romanian culture and society.
	www.romanianjewish.org /en/fedrom_08_01.html (4330 words)

	History textbooks in Moldova (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		As nations and modern states are a recent phenomenon in history, treating either one of them as a meta-historical norm and objective of history seriously hampers an open-minded understanding of the past and perpetuates obsessions with national identity and statehood.
		As the region under study in the history of the Moldovan state or Romanian nation was under foreign domination for most of modern history and as developments in politics and society were increasingly determined by structural changes in international relations or economic that had their origin far beyond the borders of national history.
		Thus, the History of the Romanians' reading of communist repression in the Moldovan ASSR is almost exclusively national: a positive effect for the national language is attributed to the ASSR until the Cyrillic script was re-introduced in 1938.
	www.republicamoldova.org /HistoryTextbooks.html (10567 words)

	Romanian History - Pt 1
		Since the Romanian state was perceived as not yet national in its entirety, it was imperative to be "nationalizing." Due to a combination of economic, social, and cultural factors, a decisive stage in creating the Romanian nation was achieved in the early 1980s.
		History -- a subjective interpretation of "national" history, to be sure -- was a major element of such a legitimating discourse.
		In the Romanian case, until the mid-1980s, nationalist hatred of the Russians (and subsequently of the Soviets) acted in favor of the regime.
	exorthodoxforchrist.com /romanian_history_-_pt_1.htm (4293 words)

	Romanian History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Romanian rulers Mircea the Old of Wallachia (1386-1418), Dan II (1420-31) and Vlad Dracula (1456-62) fought against the Turks but were defeated, and Vlad was killed.
		The Romanians held out in Moldavia, but were forced to sign the Treaty of Bucharest in 1918 and exit the war.
		In 1939 Germany demanded a monopoly on Romanian exports in exchange for the guarantee of its borders.
	romaniaguide.tripod.com /history.html (1973 words)

	Romanian History - Part 2
		The importance of the teaching of history was even greater in forging an "organized solidarity," demonstrated by the centrality of the debates on the ethnic origins of the Romanians.
		Furthermore, since the processes of state building and the professionalization of history as a discipline in its own right took place simultaneously in the second half of the 19th century, the third theme -- i.e., the unity of the Romanian people -- was always present in the historical writings of the period.
		Consequently, one of the major lessons of national history, as taught until December 1989, was that the Romanian unitary nation-state has been continuously contested and threatened, and that it was the patriotic duty of all responsible Romanians to defend it at all costs.
	exorthodoxforchrist.com /romanian_history_-_part_2.htm (3851 words)

	Romanian history - Moldavia
		Most of the regions east of the Carpathians were at this time under the rule of the Cumans which lasted until the Mongol attacks of the mid 14th century.
		Histories of Romania sometimes refer to a Vlach region of Ţara Sepeniţului in Pocuţia in the early 14th century.
		Three decades later in 1353 Dragoş, a Romanian Knez from Maramureş, was sent by the Hungarian King to found a new Moldavian voivode with the capital at Baia.
	www.eliznik.org.uk /RomaniaHistory/moldavia-history.htm (961 words)

	History of Romanians (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		In the recorded history, the population north of the Danube (the Getae) was first mentioned by Herodotus, "the father of history" (the 4th century BC).
		A Romanian army, under the personal command of Prince Carol I, crossed the Danube and participated in the siege of Pleven; the result was the surrender of the Ottoman army led by Osman Pasha (December 10, 1877).
		At that time the National Romanian Party in Transylvania played an important role in asserting the Romanian national identity; the party was reorganized in 1881 and it became the standard bearer in the struggle to achieve recognition of equal rights of the Romanian nation and it the resistance against the denationalization projects.
	www.roembus.org /english/romanian_links/history_of_romanians.htm (5696 words)

	Art History Romania- History of Art Romania - Art History Romania in Ottoman Empire - Ottoman Art History
		In Romanian History, The Romanians thus preserved their political institutions, laws, and social structure, and they avoided a massive settlement of Muslims onto the land.
		The Romanian principalities were now vital military bulwarks of the empire, as Russia and the Habsburg monarchy pressed relentlessly against its frontiers, and Ottoman officials decided to replace native princes with members of Greek or Hellenized families from the Phanar district of Constantinople who had amply demonstrated their loyalty to the sultan.
		The powers stopped short of recognizing the union of the principalities or their independence, but the Romanians themselves settled the matter of union by electing the same man, Alexandru Cuza, as prince in both Moldavia and Walachia in 1859 which is an important step in Romanian History.
	www.easterncorner.com /Romania.htm (1848 words)

	Window to Romania - Romanian History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The Romanians are today the only descendants of the Eastern Roman stock; the Romanian language is one of the major heirs of the Latin language, together with French, Italian, Spanish; Romania is an oasis of Latinity in this part of Europe.
		A specific trait of the Romanian’s history from the Middle Ages until the modern times is that they lived in three Principalities that were neighbours, but autonomous - Wallachia, Moldavia and Transylvania.
		Although the Ottoman and Czarist troops occupied the Danube principalities that same year, the sacrifices made by the Romanians brought about the abolition of the Phanariot regime and native voivodes were again appointed on the thrones of Moldavia and Wallachia.
	www.zerodbnet.com /wtr/history.asp (1595 words)

	EXCERPTS ON ROMANIAN MONETARY HISTORY
		The romanian leu, an imaginary computation unit, was divided into 40 parale/pennies and one penny [named in Romanian language para (pl. parale)] into 3 bani; the subdivisions were represented by turkish coins with close values.
		This law established for the first time the national romanian currency; it was officially named leu, it comprised 100 ban(i) and it was based on a two-metals-system, namely coins were made of silver or gold; its value was represented by 5 grams of silver title 850/1000 or 0,3226 grams of gold title 900/1000.
		By decrease of its official value, the romanian currency becomes one of the weakest currencies on the continent during the inter-war period.
	www.genealogy.ro /banat/monetaryhistory.html (1188 words)

	Romanian Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The introduction discusses the early history of the Romanian Communist Party and its rise to power in the aftermath of the coup of 23 August 1944 that overthrew the regime of Marshal Ion Antonescu.
		Professor of Romanian studies at the School of Slavonic and East European Studies at the University of London, he is recognized as the leading authority on Romanian history in Great Britain and is the author of numerous books and articles on Romanian history, including Ceausescu and the Securitate: Coercion and Dissent in Romania, 1965-1989.
		Written by one of the leading specialists on Romanian history in the United States, The Struggle Against Russia in the Romanian Principalities is a significant contribution to nineteenth century European diplomatic history.
	www.romanianembassy.dk /bilateral/donatie.html (8951 words)

	/home/gavrila/html/paginaiorga.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Istoria Venetiei (The History of Venice), transladed by Ovidiu Cristea, Bucuresti, Editura Corint, 1999.
		Ioan Scurtu (coauthor), Istoria românilor in secolul XX (1918-1948) (The History of the Romanians in the Twentieth Century, 1918-1948), Bucuresti, Editura Paideia, 1999.
		Serban Papacostea (co-author), Istoria României (The History of Romania), Editura Enciclopedica, Bucuresti, 1998.
	www.adr.ro /cache.php?id=7941 (5621 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Aiming to reveal the part played by the Romanians and their ancestors in world history, this work sets forth, in a very brief and accessible manner, the most significant events and salient people who have made up the Romanian saga from its beginnings to the day.
		The communist rule kept Romania isolated from the Western world for almost half a century, which made it difficult for her or almost denied her free access to the flow of knowledge and information, to the Western standards and systems of values.
		The present mini-guide is intended to fill in the gap of information and highlight the Romanian experience from the historian's viewpoint, which may reassert the European vocation of this country.
	www.rotravel.com /romania/history/index.php (197 words)

	Romania.org
		For instance, to the west the Romanians had to face the policy of conquests conducted by the Hungarian kingdom.
		In the 14th century, with the decline of the neighbouring imperial powers (the Poles, the Hungarians, the Tartars), south and east of the Carpathian Mountains range the autonomous feudal states were formed: Wallachia, under Basarab I (around 1310) and Moldavia, under Bogdan I (around 1359).
		Unlike all the other peoples of south-east Europe, unlike the Hungarians and the Poles, the Romanians were the only ones who maintained their state entity during the Middle Ages, along with their own political, military and administrative structures.
	www.romania.org /romania/history2.html (1093 words)

	Romanian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Bucharest (Bucuresti in Romanian), the capital of Romania, lies half-way between the river Danube and the South Carpathians mountains, on the banks of the Dambovita.
		These events, coupled with a land reform in 1864 and the final achievement of national independence in the war of 1877-78, gave a strong impetus to the economic development of both the nation and its capital city.
		Among the many museums are the Museum of the History of the City of Bucharest and the Art Museum of Romania, the latter maintaining large collections of national, European, and Oriental art.
	groups.msn.com /Romanian (725 words)

	Romania: Society and Culture: History, Romanian History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Dacia Offers details about geto-dacians, their history, their spirituality, and their importance in the evolution of the Romanian people.
		Romanian History From early history through Dacia, Middle Ages, and modern times, including communism and the return to democracy.
		Romanian Kingdom Includes details about the evolution of monarchy and its current situation.
	romania.mousemagnet.com /history.php (331 words)

	WWW-VL - Romanian History Index : Chronological: Modern - WWW-VL
		The National Museum of Romania's History the permanent exhibition on modern history.
		The International Status of the Romanian Lands in 1848 by Barbara Jelavich.
		Romanian Revolution of December 1989 - Timisoara, Romania.
	vlib.iue.it /hist-romania/modern.html (592 words)

	Romanian history - Bucovina, Moldavia
		In 1849 a degree of autonomy was given to Bucovina which lasted up to 1918 when it was returned to Moldavia.
		At the end of WW2 the northern half of Bucovina was acquired by Russia and now is part of the Ukraine including a minority Romanian population.
		In 1775 the population was 63,700 Romanians, 8,400 Ukrainians, and 3,426 other nationalities.
	www.eliznik.org.uk /RomaniaHistory/moldavia-bucovina.htm (328 words)

	Romania.co.nz » Romanian History
		In the 4-13th centuries the Romanian people had to face the waves of migrating peoples - the Gothi, the Huns, the Gepidae, the Avars, the Slavs, the Petchenegs, the Cumanians, the Tartars - who crossed the Romanian territory.
		Owing to their position, the Romanians south of the Danube were the first to be mentioned in historical sources (the 10th century), under the name of vlahi or blahi (Wallachians); this name shows they were speakers of a Romance language and that the non-Roman peoples around them recognized this fact.
		At that time the National Romanian Party in Transylvania played an important role in asserting the Romanian national identity; the party was reorganized in 1881 and it became the banner-bearer in the struggle to achieve recognition of equal rights of the Romanian nation and it the resistance against the de-nationalization projects.
	www.romania.co.nz /nz/history.php (5612 words)

	[No title]
		The Romanian History Index is made of different pages which are always under construction.
		The Romanian History Index is a joint project between the European University Institute's Library and History and Civilisation Department.
		The Romanian History Index was created in December 1999.
	vlib.iue.it /hist-romania/Index.html (280 words)

	The Patrin Web Journal - Timeline of Romani (Gypsy) History
		The history of the Roma is one of continuous struggle and persecution.
		The Blessed Ceferino Jimenez Malla was martyred for his faith in August 1936 at the age of 75 when he was shot by a Spanish Republican firing squad.
		Crowe, David M. History of the Gypsies of Eastern Europe and Russia (New York: St.
	www.geocities.com /Paris/5121/timeline.htm (9433 words)

	RSA - History
		Several Romanian students at Stanford went to the Romanian Honorary Consulate in San Francisco to hear real Romanian entrepreneurs such as Marcel Borodi and George Roth talk about the business environment in Romania, and to network with business professionals from the Bay Area.
		It was a good opportunity for Stanford students to give feedback about the activity of the Romanian diplomatic missions in the US and engage in a debate on how Romanian officials could get students more involved in activities geared towards promoting Romania's cultural and economic interests in Silicon Valley.
		It was a special moment for some of us: receiving a lesson on contemporary Romanian history from the only WWII head of state still alive.
	www.stanford.edu /group/rsa/_content/_public/_htm/au2.shtml (1800 words)

	ROMANIA - Official Travel and Tourism Information. History
		Romania's history has not been as idyllically peaceful as its geography.
		Romania's post WWII history as a communist-block nation is more widely known, primarily due to the excesses of the former dictator Nicolae Ceausescu.
		1989 — Romanians unite in protests against the communist leadership and local demonstrations sparked a national uprising that finally ousted communist ruler Nicolae Ceausescu and his cabinet.
	www.romaniatourism.com /history.html (1382 words)

	AllRefer.com - Marie (Romanian History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		AllRefer.com - Marie (Romanian History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		The daughter of Alfred, duke of Edinburgh and of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, she was the granddaughter of Czar Alexander II of Russia and of Queen Victoria of England.
		Marie was instrumental in bringing Romania into the Allied camp in World War I, and she followed the Romanian armies as a Red Cross nurse.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/M/Marie.html (182 words)

	Bucharest for you - a Romanian Entertainment directory for fun.
		A history of Bucharest depicted in photographs and texts.
		History page in the Web site of the Government, by Ion Calafeteanu.
		Romanian Library gives information about cultural projects, books...
	www.bucharest4you.com /yellowpages/education.htm (821 words)

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