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Topic: Romanian phonology

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Open front unrounded vowel

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Voiceless postalveolar fricative

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	Romanian Information Center - romanian girls
		Romanian is one of the five languages in which religious services are performed in the autonomous monastic state of Mount Athos, spoken in the sketae of Prodromos and Lacu (a sketa romanian deadlift being a community of monks; sketae is plural).
		All the romanian clothing romanian words four dialects are offsprings of the Romance language spoken both in the North and South Danube, before the settlement of the Slavonian tribes south of the river - Daco-Romanian in the North, and the other three dialects in the south.
		Romanian nouns are inflected by gender (feminine, masculine and neuter), number (singular and plural) and case (nominative/accusative, dative/genitive and vocative).
	www.scipeeps.com /Sci-Official_Languages_P_-_S/Romanian.html (3041 words)

	Romanian_language information. LANGUAGE SCHOOL EXPLORER
		According to the Constitution of Romania of 1991, as revised in 2003, Romanian is the official language of the Republic.
		In parts of Ukraine where Romanians constitute a significant share of the local population (districts in Chernivtsi, Odessa and Zakarpattia oblasts) the Romanian language is being taught in schools as a primary language and there are newspapers, TV, and radio broadcasting in Romanian.
		Romanian is also an official or administrative language in various communities and organisations (such as the Latin Union and the European Union - the latter as of 2007).
	www.school-explorer.com /Romenian (5062 words)

	Transylvania
		Romanians claim that they are the descendants of Romanized Dacians, and base their present claim to Transylvania on this assertion.
		Romanian is also similar to Albanian morphology and phonology and includes derivatives of Albanian words that denote body parts, kinship, plants and animals and, most significantly, shepherd words.
		Romanian also lacks any words of Old German origin, which is significant because the presence of the Goths and the Gepidae in Transylvania.
	www.geocities.com /transmagyar/Part_1_.htm (2395 words)

	Romanian phonology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Romanian consonant set is almost the same as that in Italian, with a few exceptions: The Italian palatal consonants /ɲ/, /ʎ/ and affricate /ʣ/ are missing in standard Romanian, which in turn has the affricate /ʒ/ and the glottal /h/.
		Romanian is one of the syllable-timed languages, along with other Romance languages (French, Spanish, etc.), Telegu, Yoruba, and many others.
		In the case of Romanian, consonant clusters are often found both in the syllable onset and coda, which require physical time to be pronounced.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Romanian_phonology (3010 words)

	Romanian language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Map of Balkans with regions inhabited by Romanians/Vlachs highlighted All the dialects of Romanian are believed to have been unified in a common language until sometime between the 7th and the 10th century, before the Slavonic languages interfered with Romanian.
		Romanian is the official language of Romania and Moldova (where for political reasons it tends to be called the "Moldovan language").
		Romanian is the only Romance language that has the definite article attached to the end of the noun (as in North Germanic languages) instead of being a separate word in front.
	romanian-language.kiwiki.homeip.net (1843 words)

	Window to Romania - The Romanian Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Romanian alphabet has four extra letters, its pronunciation follows no set pattern, its distinctions in gender are more easily evident in the Romanian, its reflexive pronouns are extremely complex, and numerous verbs are irregular.
		To the Romanian language, the Slavic language (similarly to the Germanic idiom of the Franks with the French people) was the so-called super-imposed layer.
		Owing to their position, the Romanians south of the Danube were the first to be mentioned in historical sources (the 10th century), under the name of vlahi or blahi (Wallachians); this name shows they were speakers of a Romance language and that the non-Roman peoples around them recognized this fact.
	www.windowtoromania.org /rolang.asp (519 words)

	Cornell University Linguistics Department
		Chitoran, I. The Phonology and Morphology of Romanian Glides and Diphthongs:
		I attribute the frequency of voicing lenition to the documented tendency for shorter segments to be perceived as voiced and I attribute the frequency of lenition described as fricativization to reinterpretation of an incomplete seal as a fricative.
		Central questions addressedare the interaction of phonology and morphology and the status of thephonological cycle as proposed in the theory of Lexical Phonology, wherean intrinsic cyclic interaction is claimed to exist between at least somemorphological strata and the phonological component.
	ling.cornell.edu /clcpubs/dissertations.html (5508 words)

	Romanian language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		'''Romanian''' (''limba român&259;'' IPA) is an Eastern Romance language, spoken natively by about 30 millions people, most of them in Romania, Moldova and Vojvodina (where it is the official language)and perhaps another 9 millions and nearby countries and all world wide.
		The place of Romanian within the Romance language family The Romanian territory was inhabited in ancient times by the Dacians, an Indo-European people.
		Map of Balkans with regions inhabited by Romanians/Vlachs highlighted All the dialects of Romanian are believed to have been unified in a common language until sometime between the 7th and the 10th century when the area was influenced by the Byzantine Empire and Romanian came Under the influence of the Slavic language.
	romanian-language.iqnaut.net (2076 words)

	Romance languages, Romanian
		Romanian, with 25 million speakers in Romania and other parts of the Balkans.
		Romanian has broken into several dialects, such as Macedo-Romanian, spoken in southern Macedonia, and Isto-Romanian, the language of a few thousand people in northwestern Croatia.
		Notable in phonology was the loss of opposition between Latin long and short vowels, the voicing of intervocalic voiceless consonants, and in some languages the loss of syllable- and word-final s.
	www.angelfire.com /md/Orastie/Romance.html (1462 words)

	WikiMiki.net - Romania (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		According to a report released by the Romanian government in 2004, the Romanian authorities killed at least 280,000 to 380,000 Jews, primarily in the Eastern territories Romania recovered or occuppied from the Soviet Union and in Moldavia (historical region), though some estimates are even higher.
		Romanian sightseeing Because many of Romania's borders are defined by natural, sometimes shifting rivers, and because the Danube Delta is constantly expanding towards the sea, about 2-5 linear metres yearly, Romania's surface area has changed over the past few decades, generally increasing.
		Romanian is a Romance language, belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European language family, having much in common with languages such as French, Italian and Spanish.
	romania.en.wikimiki.net (10673 words)

	Istria on the Internet - Endangered Languages - Istro-Romanian
		She regards Istro-Romanian as a bridge between the Rhaeto-Romansch, Ladin, Friulian and Romanian proper, hence very stable and formed in Istria at the very same spot where it is spoken today.
		Once thought to be a language that bridged the gap between the Romanian language and Italian, Dalmatian was only distantly related to the nearby Romanian dialects, such as the nearly extinct Istro-Romanian spoken in nearby Istria, Croatia.
		Vlachs (also called Wlachs, Wallachs, Olahs) are the Romanized population in Central and Eastern Europe, including Romanians, Aromanians, Istro-Romanians and Megleno-Romanians, but since the creation of the Romanian state, this term was mostly used for the Vlachs living south of the Danube river.
	www.istrianet.org /istria/linguistics/istrorumeno/intro.htm (1760 words)

	Romanian Language Technology
		It must be taken into account the fact that Romanian orthography requires morphological syllabication even when the elements which compose the word do not exist as independent units in Romanian: ab/laut (not a/blaut, as phonetic syllabication requires), auto/psie 'autopsy' (not autop/sie), steto/scop 'stethoscope' (not stetos/cop), trans/atlantic (not tran/satlantic).
		Romanian syllabication rules presuppose a high degree of linguistic culture of the person who writes.
		The Database of the Romanian Language as a source/target language, as an interdisciplinary research derived from the projects mentioned above, is conceived for teaching and learning Romanian as a foreign language.
	www.racai.ro /books/awde/serban4.html (616 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The journal FONETICÃ si DIALECTOLOGIE (Phonetics and Dialectology) was founded in 1958 by the Section of Philology of the Romanian Academy, editor in chief Al.
		The fields approached are: descriptive, historical and general phonetics and phonology, Romanian and Romance dialectology, sociolinguistics, ethnolinguistics.
		Each article written in Romanian is followed by a summary in a language of international circulation.
	www.ear.ro /3brevist/rv8/aim.html (216 words)

	Romanika
		However, because of the nature of this blog, being about the languages themselves, including their phonology, dialectology, and evolution, and though I know of these in a general way about Romanian, I am not as familiarized with Balkan Romance to cover it as I do with the others.
		Romanian, though it can be set apart with Italian because of the way it handles plural formation and other features, is a group on its own, having its own dialectal variants, all encompassing Balkan Romance.
		Romanian is indeed great, and I think no less of it; one never knows, I might just learn Romanian within this year, and it will undoubtedly get the mention it deserves up there.
	romanika.blogspot.com (4215 words)

	Bell Labs TTS Summer Projects (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		We would be particularly interested in hosting students who are native, or near-native speakers of languages for which we have not previously done TTS work (i.e., most of the world's languages); and who have a background in linguistics, computational linguistics or relevant areas of engineering.
		Text-to-speech synthesis is a technology that presents a rich array of challenges, and it requires one to understand a variety of areas including acoustic phonetics, prosody, computational phonology, computational morphology, and corpus-based linguistics --- to name only a few.
		By 1995 our tools for creating acoustic inventories and models of intonation and text analysis had advanced to the point that we were able to construct an end-to-end text-to-speech synthesizer for Romanian during the course of one summer.
	www.bell-labs.com /project/tts/student.html (486 words)

	People in the Douglass Phonetics Lab
		Natalya Samokhina is investigating phonetics and phonology of voicing assimilation in consonant clusters in Russian native and non-native speech.
		She is working on Navajo spoken word recognition and L1/L2 phonological influence, as well as a project on the relationship between intonation and speech segmentation.
		She has also recently worked on incomplete neutralization and the effects of orthography in Dutch, effects of language-specific phonology on the segmentation and processing of Korean, the role of acoustic change in speech perception, and the processing of epenthetic stops.
	dingo.sbs.arizona.edu /~dpl/people.htm (611 words)

	Language Log: Naming That Tune: "We keep it incessantly in pleated skirts and scowls"
		This is based on my English-side language model only, of course: I was able to guess that it was Romanian only by hearing some obviously Romance morphemes (mostly in other verses) and working through the possibilities by a process of elimination.
		Romanian can be completely comprehended without the accents, and in fact many things are published without them.
		The anglicization is totally unnecessary and reveals a strong affinity among Internet-savvy modern Romanians for English, which all Romanian school-aged children are taught.
	itre.cis.upenn.edu /~myl/languagelog/archives/003217.html (1169 words)

	Past Linguistic Activities from 2000
		The secret is in the phonology of the Conjunct Zone, assembled in accordance with the Bipartite Syllabic Principle of McDonough (2000).
		I suggest that the surface tonal patterns of the neutral tone syllables emerge from an interaction of tonal phonology and phrase-level prosody.
		The boundary tone (H or L) at the end of a prosodic constituent determines the tonal target of the last neutral tone syllable and the f0 curves on the intervening neutral tone syllables are transitional from the ending f0 of the preceding stressed syllable to this tonal target.
	www.bu.edu /linguistics/UG/past-events00lx.html (8209 words)

	ROMANIAN the closest to CLASSICAL LATIN \| Antimoon Forum
		apart from a 15th-century it is difficult to reconstruct the phonology of the language, but it appears to be a very conservative Hispanic language, which retained many archaic Latin forms and preserved a completely Romance sound system.
		Similalry, when the Avars (slavic tribe) invaded "Romania" they left their mark on the phonology of romanian.
		Romanian's strong point to CLASSICAL LATIN is it's declension and certain archaic word; and of course it's phonology and grammar.
	www.antimoon.com /forum/t2129-75.htm (1108 words)

	Romanian Computing Information (Penn State)
		Romanian is a Romance language related to Spanish and French, but uses letters similar to other languages in Central Europe.
		Although Central European languages like Czech, Slovak, Romanian, Polish and Hungarian are written in the Roman alphabet, these languages include characters not commonly found in Western European languages like Spanish and French.
		Note on encoding: There are a number of alternative encoding schemes in use for Romanian, but since the Latin-2 and Unicode method conforms to printed Romanian, I will assume that as a standard.
	tlt.its.psu.edu /suggestions/international/bylanguage/romanian.html (1335 words)

	Romance Branch of the Indo-European Family
		In the 14th century, the term Romance meant "vernacular language of France" (as opposed to Latin), from Old French romanz "verse narrative," originally an adverb, "in the vernacular language," from Vulgar Latin *romanice scribere "to write in a Romance language." The term was extended in the 17th century to include other languages derived from Latin.
		The phonology, morphology, lexicon, and syntax of all Romance languages are predominantly derived from Vulgar Latin.
		Nouns are not marked for case, except for Romanian.
	www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/january/RomanceBranch.html (906 words)

	Lennys Resande sida - Glossary
		Iberian Romanes dialect, meaning "fl", a hybrid of Romani lexicon and Castilian phonology, morphology and syntax.
		Romanes word meaning a group of Roma travelling or living together in a territory in an economic and residential association.
		They are characterized by massive lexical and structural influence from Romanian.
	meltingpot.fortunecity.com /nevada/639/ordlista.htm (997 words)

	Geraldine Legendre \| JHU Cognitive Science Department
		This led us to explore the ineffability, or impossibility of certain meanings, from the perspective of a theory which posits that each optimization results in an optimal, hence grammatical output.
		In the context of a general OT theory of extraction phenomena (in particular wh- and related movement in English, Bulgarian, and Chinese) we argued that incorporating into syntax the two types of constraint families active in OT phonology - markedness constraints and input-output faithfulness constraints - provided a straightforward answer to the ineffability question.
		(Partial orderings of violable constraints have previously been used to explain variation in phonology.) The partial order is formally a set of rankings, where each yields a potentially different output.
	www.cog.jhu.edu /faculty/legendre (2925 words)

	Michael L. Friesner's Academic Information
		French Phrasal Phonology in a Derivational Model of PF U.Mass.
		The Acquisition of Native and Local Phonology by Russian Immigrants in Philadelphia
		The Representation of French ‘h aspiré’ from the Perspective of Loanword Phonology.
	www.ling.upenn.edu /~friesner/academics.html (481 words)

	Benjamin V. Tucker: Curriculum Vitae (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Thesis topic: A descriptive study of devoiced nasals in Romanian.
		Recording of Romanian speech for an acoustic analysis of nasals, Romania.
		Romanian (near-native fluency), working knowledge of Russian, Chemehuevi, Mohave, Spanish, French and Italian.
	www.u.arizona.edu /~bvt/cv.htm (873 words)

	Cornell University Linguistics Department
		The Phonetics and Phonology of "Tense" and "Plain" Consonants in Korean.
		Phonetics and Phonology of the Tense and Lax Obstruents in German.
		A Noncyclic Approach to the Lexical Phonology of English.
	ling.cornell.edu /clcpubs/plab.html (855 words)

	Linguist List - Book Information
		The Phonology of Romanian offers the first systematic descriptive analysis of the phonological system of Romanian, one of the less well studied Romance languages.
		The present book provides an overview of Romanian phonology: segment inventory, phonotactics, inflectional and derivational morphology.
		The main part of the study focuses on processes involving vocalic segments, which form the thread of the entire phonology of the language.
	linguistlist.org /pubs/books/get-book.cfm?BookID=3132 (186 words)

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