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Topic: Romanian presidential election, 1990

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	PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION, GENERAL ELECTIONS AND SENATORIAL ELECTIONS IN ROMANIA
		PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION, GENERAL ELECTIONS AND SENATORIAL ELECTIONS IN This is an important electoral year for the Romanians who, after having voted on 6 and 20 June to elect their local representatives, are now being called to ballot on 28 November to appoint the President of the Republic, their MP's and Senators.
		Romanian Parliament has two Chambers, the Senate and the Chamber of Representatives (Camera diputatilor) that are both elected for a four year period by proportional representation.
		Traian Basescu has promised the Romanians a definite improvement in their standard of life announcing that he would raise the average salary from 195 euro to 312 euro in 2008 and that he would increase retirement pensions, the minimum salary and the average salary of civil servants.
	www.robert-schuman.org /anglais/oee/roumanie/default.htm (2078 words)

	East European Constitutional Review
		The results of the two rounds of presidential and parliamentary voting, in November and December 2000, came as a surprise to those unaware of the sharp decline in popularity of both then-president Emil Constantinescu and the coalition that helped him win the presidency in November 1996.
		The Romanian Communist Party, proportionately one of the largest in the world, was in essence a paralyzed body with no collective leadership, no inner party life, and no genuine feedback from lower to higher echelons.
		Presidential elections were held in 1990 and 1992, both of which Iliescu won.
	www.law.nyu.edu /eecr/vol10num1/features/romaniafirstpostcomdecade.html (4646 words)

	ROMANIA: parliamentary elections Camera Deputatilor, 1992
		Elections were held for all seats in both Houses of Parliament provided for in the December 1991 Constitution, to succeed the previous transitional legislature which had been elected in May 1990 for a 30-month term.
		The elections were the second general ones in the country since the Ceausescu regime was overthrown in December 1989 and were widely expected to put an end to the governmental and parliamentary instability as well as the general climate of uncertainty which prevailed in the country.
		The election campaign was relatively calm in contrast with the previous one for the transitional legislature in May 1990.
	www.ipu.org /parline-e/reports/arc/2261_92.htm (593 words)

	Romania's Democratic Light (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Indeed, the official presidential candidate, outgoing Prime Minister Adrian Nastase, is a member of the communist youth elite of the late Ceausescu era and led one of the most corrupt regimes in Europe, based on the nouveau riche elites of former nomenklatura.
		Unlike Ukraine, where the recent presidential election is widely considered to have been fraudulent, Romania wants and has a good chance to join the EU, which will be impossible if its elections are openly fixed.
		Ever since the first post-communist elections in 1990, for which I was an official international observer, some persistent patterns have been obvious.
	www.frontpagemag.com /ARticles/Printable.asp?ID=16345 (1037 words)

	CORA - Congress of Romanian Americans (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Romanians today may blame all or some of their leaders over the last 10 years; they may blame the way their government is elected; they may blame corruption or the circumstances of countries around them however, assigning blame will not improve their situation.
		Seventy percent (70%) of the population of Transylvania is Romanian.
		Romanians fail to treat one another with the courtesy that is common among other peoples.
	www.romanianamericans.org /press_releases_2000.html (4577 words)

	Central Europe Review - Romanian News Round-up (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		She called "the manipulation of national sentiment for the purpose of building political capital irresponsible," and said that "fear of historical shadows or the shadows [cast by] statues," should not affect the developing links between the two countries.
		Ten percent of the sample of 2097 persons questioned stated that they would not vote at all while 15 percent were "don't knows." In the parliamentary elections the PDSR lead with 37 percent of the vote, 15 percent in front of the ruling coalition, the Romanian Democratic Convention (CDR).
		Romanian captain, Tudor Constantin, was expected to return to the side for the match which took place at Lansdowne Road in Dublin.
	www.ce-review.org /99/16/romanianews16.html (1644 words)

	Defining weak states: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In the current international environment, manipulating elections involves being able to use the cover of laws and regulations to fragment, intimidate, and marginalize the opposition before it grows strong enough to mount a challenge on election day.
		In the 1996 Moldovan presidential election, elite fragmentation appears to have hindered central control over the country’s ten regional governments as well as the press, thereby baffling President Snegur’s efforts to fend off the twin challenges mounted by his own premier as well as the chairman of Parliament.
		In this type of regime, key democratic institutions such as elections, the press, and parliament determine political outcomes and create an important level of political competition, yet democracy is fundamentally undermined by the continued and regular governmental abuse of civil liberties and political rights.
	astro.temple.edu /~lway/pluralism (5906 words)

	No. 90-59 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In fact, the Front's presidential candidate, Ion Iliescu, received 85 percent of the vote while the two opposition candidates from genuinely democratic parties, Radu Campeanu and Ion Ratiu, received 11 and 4 percent respectively.
		The fact that the Securitate is widely believed still to be operating, combined with the systematic pre-election violence and the tradition of rigged Romanian elections, evidently gave rise to a climate of fear whose impact on the balloting was, while difficult to quantify, nonetheless quite palpable.
		In a belated protest against the unfairness of the campaign, the Bush Administration withdrew its Ambassador prior to the election and publicly criticized the Front on 10 May 1990.
	www.security-policy.org /papers/1990/90-59.html (1009 words)

	MIDEAST.BOU
		The new group, said to be composed of committees in a number of Syrian cities, remained clandestine in 1990.
		Beik was arrested just before the elections, and by the end of 1990, more than seven months later, had still not been released.
		By the end of 1990, according to many reports, Syrian forces had largely withdrawn from the Metn area where they had committed the worst abuses.
	www.hrw.org /reports/1990/WR90/MIDEAST.BOU-09.htm (4532 words)

	[No title]
		These include democratic elections, individual liberty, and the rule of law; demonstrated commitment to economic reform and market economy; adherence to OSCE norms and principles involving ethnic minorities and social justice; resolution of territorial disputes with neighbors; and the establishment of democratic control of the military.
		The opposition parties claimed that Iliescu's running for President on the NSF ticket was unconstitutional because he was a member of a political party (e.g., the Central Election Bureau, not the Constitutional Court settled the dispute) and the Democratic Convention (CDRC20%) claimed that the election was fraudulent because 3 million ballots were invalidated.
		Since 1990, the Romanian Government and PDSR has pursued a policy of subsidizing the populace through deficit spending and postponing economic reform in order to maintain domestic tranquility.
	www.ndu.edu /inss/strforum/SF101/forum101.html (2074 words)

	Fulbright - United States Diplomatic Mission in Romania
		The saying that all human beings are born free and equal, which is the basis of all theories regarding inalienable human rights, was enunciated in Romania a long time before the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, an important document with regards to human rights and non-discrimination.
		The National Council for Combating Discrimination is a branch of the Central Public Administration, the main function of which is to implement the “equality-of-opportunity” principle, which is granted by the Romanian Constitution, by the laws of the country and by the treaties to which Romania is a party.
		As the representative of the People’s Advocate, the Romanian Ombudsman, I certainly cannot match the optimistic and slightly glamorous tone that my colleagues have used in their interventions, because I have noticed that there are many normative acts, a lot of legislation, programs, etc. meant to improve the situation of the Roma.
	www.usembassy.ro /Fulbright/Roma_Conference_Romanian_en.html (5637 words)

	Iran Daily (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Romanians count votes after the opening of the ballot boxes at a polling station in Bucharest, Nov. 28.
		With 36 percent of votes in the twin presidential and parliamentary election counted, the central electoral bureau said on Monday the ruling Social Democrats (PSD) captured about 34 percent of the vote.
		Onisei said he was not able to say how widespread the voting irregularities were, but in the run-up to the election some analysts and Western diplomats expressed concern the ruling party may use its clout to tip the close contest.
	www.iran-daily.com /1383/2152/html/politic.htm (2228 words)

	From Romania To Moldova: What Country, Friend, Is This? - Global Policy Forum - Nations and States (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		But in April 1990 the first free elections in the Soviet Socialist Republic of Moldova opened the way for supporters of reunification.
		Romanian rule of Bessarabia (1918-40, 1941-44) left bad memories; power was concentrated in Bucharest; Romanian officials were brutal.
		He won the presidential election in April, after campaigning for Moldova to join the Russia-Belorussia union.
	www.globalpolicy.org /nations/citizen/2002/0102moldova.htm (1504 words)

	CNN.com - Stark choices in Romanian election - December 10, 2000
		BUCHAREST, Romania -- Romanians are voting in a presidential election that presents a stark choice between a former leftist and an ultra-nationalist whose rhetoric has outraged minority groups.
		Former President Ion Iliescu, 70, Romania's first post-communist president from 1990 until 1996 when he was defeated by centrists, is favoured to beat flamboyant 51-year-old publisher Corneliu Vadim Tudor in the run-off poll.
		Around 17.7 million Romanians are eligible to vote in Sunday's run-off - which was required after no candidate secured 50 percent support in the first round -- with the first official tallies expected early on Monday.
	edition.cnn.com /2000/WORLD/europe/12/10/romania.elections/index.html (718 words)

	CNN.com - Polls open in Romanian elections - November 26, 2000
		Iliescu, who was president from 1990 to 1996, was voted out of power for failing to chart a way forward after the fall of communist rule.
		All 12 presidential contenders and leading parties have pledged to transform Romania and join NATO and the European Union.
		But a strong showing by leftist candidates in the elections could hinder Romania's attempts to join the EU and NATO and slow down economic reforms, analysts say.
	edition.cnn.com /2000/WORLD/europe/11/26/romania.election/index.html (532 words)

	Romanian Uprising and Coup
		On December 16, 1989 Lutheran minister, dissident, and ethnic Hungarian Laszlo Tokes was the focus of a massive protest in the Transylvanian city of Timisoara (Temesvar) that was sparked by anger against Tokes's forced relocation.
		Video of the trial and pictures of the bodies of Ceausescu and his wife were broadcast on Romanian state television to show the country that the tyrant was dead.
		The fall of Romanian communism was a dramatic and violent break from the jubilant rallies seen in Poland, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, and Hungary.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/world/war/romania.htm (1548 words)

	Chapter 1 - 1990 & 1991 DAHSUM
		Because of the declining threat posed by the Communist bloc and the growing federal budget deficit, in the summer of 1990 the White House announced a willingness to reduce substantially the U.S. defense establishment.
		In response to a presidential mandate, the Secretary of Defense submitted a Defense Management Report (DMR) in July 1989 that outlined measures to save $39 billion in the Department of Defense during 1991-95.
		The manual for MQS I, on the subject of precommissioning training, was revised and distributed in 1990, while the manual for MQS II, regarding company-grade officers, was released in FY 91.
	www.army.mil /CMH-PG/books/DAHSUM/1990-91/ch01.htm (4407 words)

	People's Daily Online -- Romania considers presidential elections in Trans-Dniester illegal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Romanian Foreign Affairs Ministry (MAE) considers the presidential elections organized on Sunday by the separatist regime in the Trans-Dniester region of Moldova are illegal and irrelevant from both the political and juridical standpoint, a MAE press release said on Monday.
		Tiraspol leader Igor Smirnov, who has been at the rule since 1990, was elected for the fourth time "president" of the breakaway republic of Trans-Ddniester with 82.4 percent of the votes cast on Sunday, according to the Trans-Dniester Electoral Commission.
		Some 1,400 Russian soldiers are still deployed to the left side of the Dniester, in the region that self-proclaimed independence in 1990, after the former USSR dismembered.
	english.people.com.cn /200612/12/eng20061212_331291.html (255 words)

	1990 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		February 26 - The Sandinistas are defeated in the Nicaraguan elections.
		March 24 - Australian legislative election, 1990: The government of Australian prime minister Bob Hawke is re-elected for a 4th term.
		May 20 - The first post-Communist presidential and parliamentary elections are held in Romania.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/1990 (3627 words)

	No. 90-P 59 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		According to published returns, the Front candidate, Ion Iliescu, won the presidential election and his forces gained large majorities in both houses of parliament.
		Regrettably, as documented in a new paper, Not Free, Not Fair: An Assessment of the 20 May 1990 Elections in Romania, recent events in Romania have vindicated these fears.
		The regime's violent repression yesterday of Romanian citizens who are saying the same thing shows the folly of State's subsequent decision to validate the results of this fraudulent election.
	www.security-policy.org /papers/1990/90-P59.html (410 words)

	More new parties in Pridnestrovie as youth group joins the fray \| Tiraspol Times & Weekly Review
		As the December 2006 election date in Pridnestrovie is drawing closer, more and more politicians are joining the fray, with NGO Breakthrough not being the exception.
		It was founded in 2005 as political youth organization and quickly rose to become the largest in the country, thanks to a series of protest marches, street happenings and methods modelled on groups like Otpor, Kmara and other participants of colored revolutions in the post-Soviet sphere.
		In one response, former presidential advisor Oazu Nantoi bestowed the epithet "Hitlerjugend" on the Breakthrough activists.
	www.tiraspoltimes.com /node/97 (1058 words)

	Realignment in American Politics: The Prospects for Liberty
		The election not only produced no clear winner in the presidential race, but also revealed the least flattering side of the US system of government.
		If there is any merit to the gritty and grueling process of election 2000, it is that the modern myth of that magical and holy office of the presidency has been completely debunked, first by Clinton's debasement of the office and now by the debasement of the voting process itself.
		The protests in recent weeks, against the attempt by the Democrats to manipulate the election outcome in their favor, were conscious imitations by the Right of the behavior and rhetoric of these protests.
	www.lewrockwell.com /rockwell/prospects.html (5463 words)

	The Romanian Class Struggle
		On February 15th 1999, Miron Cozma, the leader of the Romanian miners, was tried in absentia by the Romanian Supreme Court and sentenced to 18 years of prison.
		In the 1996 parliamentary elections, the PRM received only 4.5% of the vote, a result which is not negligible, but does not give the impression of a mass force at this stage.
		The election of the right-wing coalition government in 1996 was a decisive turning-point.
	www.marxist.com /romanian-class-struggle250299.htm (7536 words)

	Romanian Elections: A Preview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Here in America, we have all been concentrating our attention on our presidential elections, but countries such as the Niger, Namibia, Mozambique, Ghana, Croatia, and Romania will have their populations head to the polls to elect a president and a parliament in the last days of November 2004, and also throughout December 2004.
		His tough stance on corruption, the improvements in the infrastructure of the Romanian capital, and his withstanding of criticism and repeated attacks by his opponents, make him a relatively strong candidate.
		Because the election is close, the leading political forces are pulling out all the stops in a bid to gain extra votes.
	neovox.cortland.edu /oldsite/wire/wire_81/wire_81.html (865 words)

	ROMANIAN REVOLUTION AS GEOPOLITICAL PARLOR GAME
		Brandstatter’s film, the coverage it provoked in the French, Romanian, and Hungarian media, the debates it sparked, and its comparison with previous investigations of the Revolution are the subject of this paper.
		Although the conclusions of Brandstatter’s film reflect contemporary geopolitical relations, her methodology of investigation continues a long tradition in both foreign and Romanian studies of the December 1989 events, and the content of the film is heavily reliant upon claims and allegations that have circulated for years—many back to 1990—in Romania.
		His admonition to Brandstatter, that she should be careful in her pursuit of the idea that the Romanian Revolution was the work of foreign security services, was the only excerpt of what he maintained was a two and a half hour interview.
	homepage.mac.com /khallbobo/RichardHall/pubs/checkmate040405.html (9972 words)

	Controversial Moves by Romanian President Before Exit - Worldpress.org
		The legal implications are yet to be solved by Cozma’s lawyers and by the Romanian Court of Justice.
		A supporter of state owned property and of a communist dictatorship with a humane face, Iliescu departs office with last gestures that have cast a shadow of doubt on his rule during the three terms he obtained and on Romania's respect for the law and its institutions.
		Taking into consideration the Romanian bid to be part of the European Union and the country's still vulnerable democracy, these last-minute acts were at least unwise, if not dangerous.
	www.worldpress.org /Europe/2001.cfm (856 words)

	George Bush Presidential Library and Museum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		California is prized for more than its political importance or the size of its GNP that Pete in a slightly braggart fashion there was talking about.
		Remember, after the 1990 census almost one out of eight Members of Congress will represent the State of California.
		Since those district lines went into effect, there have been 135 general elections for California's congressional seats, and only once has a seat changed party control.
	bushlibrary.tamu.edu /research/papers/1990/90022803.html (2106 words)

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