Romanization of Arabic

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Topic: Romanization of Arabic

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	Letter Database
		used in romanization of: ar_r [Arabic (perso-arabic)]; ja_r [Japanese (sino-japanese)]; km_r [Khmer (khmer)]; lo_r [Laotian (laotian)]; my_r [Burmese (burmese)];
		used in romanization of: ar_r [Arabic (perso-arabic)]; el_r [Greek (greek)]; he_r [Hebrew (hebrew)]; km_r [Khmer (khmer)]; lo_r [Laotian (laotian)]; zh_r [Chinese (sino-japanese)];
		used in romanization of: ar_r [Arabic (perso-arabic)]; el_r [Greek (greek)]; fa_r [Persian (perso-arabic)]; km_r [Khmer (khmer)]; zh_r [Chinese (sino-japanese)];
	www.eki.ee /letter/chardata.cgi?lang=sk+Slovak&script=latin (1606 words)

	ch_arabic_lex
		Arabic script/romanization correspondence table The character correspondences between Arabic script and the LDC romanization of ECA is provided in the table below, along with a phonetic description of the symbol used.
		Orthographic convention (Arabic script) The second field in the Arabic lexicon contains the Arabic script equivalent of the romanized headword from which it is derived.
		Summary abstract The LDC Arabic lexicon was compiled primarily for support of the project on Large Vocabulary Conversational Speech Recognition (LVCSR), sponsored by the U.S. Department of Defense.
	www.ldc.upenn.edu /doc/LDC97L19/ch_arabic_lex (1199 words)

	Romanization - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Such romanizations follow the principle of phonological transcription and attempt to render the significant sounds (phonemes) of the original as faithfully as possible in the target language.
		If the romanization attempts to transliterate the original script, the guiding principle is a one-to-one mapping of characters in the source language into the target script, with less emphasis on how the result sounds when pronounced according to the reader's language.
		Romanization of Chinese, in particular, has proved a very difficult problem, although the issue is further complicated by political considerations.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Romanization (1928 words)

	Maltese & Hebrew
		This feature of the language is of particular interest to Semitic scholars who have debated the pros and cons of Romanization for Hebrew and Arabic.
		The use of a romanized script and the enormous impact of two Indo-European languages on Maltese are of interest to students of the other two Semitic languages, Hebrew and Arabic.
		Both 'Hebrew' and Maltese nationalists are convinced that the heritage of Solomon and Hannibal and the ancient Hebrew/Punic speaking civilization deserve to be cultivated and cherished in the face of much later antagonistic historiography and religious traditions.
	aboutmalta.com /grazio/hebrew.html (1868 words)

	Romanization - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Such romanizations follow the principle of phonological transcription and attempt to render the significant sounds (phonemes) of the original as faithfully as possible in the target language.
		If the romanization attempts to transliterate the original script, the guiding principle is a one-to-one mapping of characters in the source language into the target script, with less emphasis on how the result sounds when pronounced according to the reader's language.
		Romanization of Chinese, in particular, has proved a very difficult problem, although the issue is further complicated by political considerations.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Romanize (1764 words)

	RLG Focus, 12/00: Original Scripts Debut in Eureka
		If "romanization only" is your default, Eureka displays the Show Original Scripts button at the top of the screen the first time you retrieve one or more records that include Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Hebrew, Japanese, or Korean script.
		Romanization rules for Arabic and Hebrew scripts require supplying vowels that do not exist in the original script and may be inconsistently applied.
		Relying only on romanization undercuts the shared heritage of China, Japan, and Korea, since names and works are written with the same set of ideographs although the pronunciations differ greatly.
	www.rlg.org /legacy/r-focus/i47eureka.html (1072 words)

	Articles - Chinese language
		There are many systems of romanization for the Chinese languages; this is due to the complex history of interaction between China and the West, and to the Chinese languages' lack of phonetic transcription until modern times.
		The Dungan language, considered a dialect of Mandarin, is also nowadays written in Cyrillic, and was formerly written in the Arabic alphabet, although the Dungan people live outside China.
		Romanization is the process of transcribing a language in the Latin alphabet.
	www.zdiamond.net /articles/Chinese_language (5925 words)

	Kushibo-e Kibun: What is the sound of one hack yapping?: Korea versus Corea
		Note that the Korean Olympic Committee was formed in 1946, before the Republic of Korea was officially established, and in time for the 1948 Olympics when Korea made its Olympic debut (South Korea also participated in the 1952 Olympics in Helsinki, despite the Korean War raging at the time).
		Koreans used to write it primarily as ëê²½, the Korean pronunciation of the Chinese characters, æ±äº¬.
		If the South Korean government decided to change the country's English name to the "Republic of Corea" (much as I disagree with it), the world would have to comply.
	kushibo.blogspot.com /2005/05/korea-versus-corea.html (9843 words)

	Cairo
		Cairo (Arabic: &;, Romanization: El-Qāhira) is the capital city of Egypt and has a population of around 16 million.
	www.websign.sk /ca/Cairo.html (169 words)

	Data Collection
		Therefore because we are embedding this use of Arabic within speech-to-speech translation where we control in the input and output mechanisms we are in a position to stipulate that the internal form may be a romanization which contains full vocalization.
		Although we had some experience and resources from Tunisian Arabic in recognition as part of the GlobalPhone project [
		The normal Arabic script does not include all vowels, although there are diacritics which can be used to specify all vocalization, these only appear in childrens' books and the Koran and do not appear in conventional text.
	www.cs.cmu.edu /~awb/papers/eurospeech2003/speechalator/node2.html (375 words)

	UTF-8 on Linux
		Revised Romanization of Korean system, with a capital letter to indicate the beginning of a syllable.
		Many have Russian and Greek; Free Mono has Hebrew and International Phonetic Alphabet; Times New Roman and Arial have Hebrew and Arabic.
		If you don’t want to use Microsoft fonts, you can use, e.g., Bitstream Vera Serif as the default font, but then it is advisable to specify fonts for the languages which it does not cover, otherwise you are again at the mercy of
	www.jw-stumpel.nl /stestu.html (8205 words)

	[No title]
		The Renaissance of Hebrew and Standard Arabic, J.
		Mishnaic Hebrew as Vocalized in the Early Manuscripts of the Babylonian Jews, E.
		The Literary and Oral Tradition of Hebrew and Aramaic amongst the Samaritans, Z.
	hebrew-academy.huji.ac.il /english2.html (530 words)

	Diacritics, Ligatures, & Non-Roman Alphabets
		Arabic is transliterated according to ALA romanization rules.
		Hebrew is transliterated according to ALA romanization rules and approximates modern Israeli pronunciation.
		Use ALA romanization rules, not the International system.
	www.dartmouth.edu /~bakerref/Help/diacritics.shtml (208 words)

	ALA-LC Romanization Tables
		The table for Chinese is a revised table reflecting the Library's conversion to Pinyin romanization in 2000.
		The table for Kurdish is a revised table that replaces both the Kurdish (in Perso-Arabic Script) table (p.
		The links below are to the scanned text of the 1997 edition of the
	www.loc.gov /catdir/cpso/roman.html (208 words)

	Machine Transliteration in Java
		Perhaps a Romanized Arabic dictionary with words in the original script and the transliterated form would be necessary to process such texts.
		Furthermore, even if all writing systems were as easy to learn as Russian is, there are simply too many alphabets in existence for any one person to master all of them.
		Transliteration is the phonetic representation of one language using the alphabet of another language.
	www.cs.cornell.edu /boom/2003sp/ProjectArch/MachineTransJava (2722 words)

	The Language Construction Kit
		In Russian and Gaelic, there are distinct series of palatalized and non-palatalized consonants.
		Since apostrophes are used in contradictory ways (they represent the glottal stop in Arabic or Hawai'ian, glottalization in Quechua, palatalization in Russian, aspiration or a syllable boundary in Chinese, and omitted sounds in English, French, and Italian), they end up suggesting nothing at all to the reader.
		I made this mistake in Verdurian: I used ö and ü as in German, but ë somewhat as in Russian (indicating palatalization of the previous consonant), and ä as a mere doubling of a.
	www.zompist.com /kitlong.html (4624 words)

	Arabic words and the Roman alphabet
		The Roman alphabet, of course, is used by a number of European languages, so phonetic representations of Arabic words vary according to the mother tongue of the writer.
		Only eight Arabic letters have a clear equivalent in the Roman alphabet: B, F, K, L, M, N, R, and Z. Arabic has two distinct consonants that approximate to the sound of S. The same applies to D, H and T. There are two glottal sounds that do not obviously correspond to any Roman letter.
		A progress report on Arabic romanization, dated March 2000, can be viewed in PDF format here.
	www.al-bab.com /arab/language/roman1.htm (1859 words)

	Romanization Guide. Arabic Bulgarian Chinese Faeroese Greek Hebrew Icelandic Japanese Korean Mongolian Nepali Persian Russian Serbo-Croatian Thai+.. - ANON,
		Arabic Bulgarian Chinese Faeroese Greek Hebrew Icelandic Japanese Korean Mongolian Nepali Persian Russian Serbo-Croatian Thai+..
		They offer full satisfaction and normal prices - no markups, no hidden costs, no overcharged shipping costs.
	www.antiqbook.co.uk /boox/dwo/17902.shtml (90 words)

	Marjorie Chan's ChinaLinks 3
		Thomas Lee's eight-subject, longitudinal project, with description of the corpus, depositories, etc. There are two downloadable versions of the corpus: a Chinese version (Chinese only) and a CHAT version (Chinese on one tier and romanization on another).
		(Note: The URL that I use in my online course syllabi to direct students to this set of links concerning romanization systems and charts is: .)
		For some historical background on romanization systems for Chinese, see Benjamin Ao's Chinese Romanization page, part of his Lingua Sinica website, which houses his online Lingua Sinica Chinese- English Dictionary.
	chinalinks.osu.edu /c-links3.htm (7036 words)

	dpa Style Guide Page 28: Romanization of Arabic, Hebrew and Persian Words
		dpa Style Guide Page 28: Romanization of Arabic, Hebrew and Persian Words
	www.dpa.com /en/stylebook/mideast.htm (175 words)

	Letter Database
		used in romanization of: ar_r [Arabic (perso-arabic)]; be_r [Belarusian (cyrillic)]; lo_r [Laotian (laotian)]; my_r [Burmese (burmese)]; ru_r [Russian (cyrillic)]; zh_r [Chinese (sino-japanese)];
		used in romanization of: ar_r [Arabic (perso-arabic)]; el_r [Greek (greek)]; mn_r [Mongolian (cyrillic)]; uk_r [Ukrainian (cyrillic)];
		used in romanization of: kk_r [Kazakh (cyrillic)]; ky_r [Kyrgyz (cyrillic)]; mn_r [Mongolian (cyrillic)]; tk_r [Turkmen (cyrillic)]; zh_r [Chinese (sino-japanese)];
	www.eki.ee /letter/chardata.cgi?lang=cy+Welsh&script=latin (3222 words)

	Mansour Alghamdi
		The principle investigator of the project Romanization of Arabic Names.
		Co-supervising the graduation project of Waleed Alhazmi and Ahmad Annafei, 2003, (Auto-segmentation of Arabic Speech).
		The 100 most common Arabic names according to Sultan Qabus Encyclopedia of Arab Names, 1991.
	www.mghamdi.com (3222 words)

	Marjorie Chan's ChinaLinks 3
		For Hanyu Pinyin and a comparison with other romanization systems, see Mark Swofford's Pinyin: A Guide to the Writing of Mandarin Chinese in Romanization, where he provides information on Hanyu Pinyin, MPS2, Gwoyeu Romatzyh (Guoyu Luomazi), Sin Wenz (Xin Wenzi), Tongyong Pinyin, Wade-Giles, and Yale romanization.
		They also provide a conversion table of Correspondence of Wade-Giles to Pinyin, as part of their webpage on New Chinese Romanization Guidelines.
		See the Library of Congress Pinyin Conversion Project to convert from use of Wade-Giles romanization to Pinyin romanization.
	chinalinks.osu.edu /c-links3.htm (7036 words)

	Māori Macron Characters
		Marking long vowels with macrons is also used in Hawaiian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Livonian, and Marshallese; and in the romanization of Amharic (ethiopic), Arabic (perso-arabic), Assamese (assamese), Bengali (bengali), Chinese (sino-japanese), Gujarati, Hindi (devanagari), Japanese (sino-japanese), Kannada, Kazakh (cyrillic), Malayalam, Oriya, Pashto (perso-arabic), Persian (perso-arabic), Punjabi, Tamil (tamil), Telugu, and Urdu (perso-arabic).
		Although a number of documents are printed in Māori without macrons, Te Taura Whiri i te Reo Māori, The Māori Language Commission, recommends always using them as it makes pronounciation easier for learners.
		To use macrons in Classic, OS 9, or non-Unicode Carbon applications, see this sub page.
	homepages.paradise.net.nz /tomrobin/macrons (295 words)

	Thaana - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		(See Hindu-Arabic numerals.) The remaining letters for loanwords (z–ch) and Arabic transliteration are derived from phonetically similar native consonants by means of diacritics, with the exception of y, which is of unknown origin.
		The origins of Thaana are unique among the world's alphabets: The first nine letters (h–v) are derived from the Arabic numerals, whereas the next nine (m–d) were the local Indic numerals.
		This means that Thaana is one of the few alphabets not derived graphically from the original Semitic alphabet — unless the Indic numerals were (see Brahmi numerals).
	www.vacilando.org /_cliextra/baghdadmuseumorg/includepage.php?title=Thaana&action=history (317 words)

	Letter Database
		used in romanization of: am_r [Amharic (ethiopic)]; ar_r [Arabic (perso-arabic)]; fa_r [Persian (perso-arabic)]; he_r [Hebrew (hebrew)]; ps_r [Pashto (perso-arabic)];
		found in charsets: 8859-2 (BD); CP1250 (BD); CP852 (F1); ROMAN (FD);
		found in charsets: 8859-2 (A2); 8859-3 (A2); CP1250 (A2); CP852 (F4); ROMAN (F9);
	www.eki.ee /letter/chardata.cgi?ucode=02b0-02ff (165 words)

	Marjorie Chan's ChinaLinks 3
		For Hanyu Pinyin and a comparison with other romanization systems, see Mark Swofford's Pinyin: A Guide to the Writing of Mandarin Chinese in Romanization, where he provides information on Hanyu Pinyin, MPS2, Gwoyeu Romatzyh (Guoyu Luomazi), Sin Wenz (Xin Wenzi), Tongyong Pinyin, Wade-Giles, and Yale romanization.
		Sound files in AIFF format for mainland and Taiwan Mandarin are given in Universal Survey of Languages' Mandarin page.
		Singapore government's colorful and sophisticated multimedia-based website for promoting use of Mandarin Chinese; includes language lessons (with audio files in.wav format); vocabulary lists; cartooned Chinese fables and parables; stroke order, evolution and pronunciation of Chinese characters, etc. Webpages require plug-ins for various multimedia presentations.
	chinalinks.osu.edu /c-links3.htm (165 words)

	Nile Delta . Egypt . Nile . Alexandria . Cairo . Ancient Egypt . Pelusium
		The Arab Republic of Egypt, commonly known as Egypt, in Arabic language Arabic: مصر, Romanization romanized Miṣr or Maṣr, in Egyptian Arabic Egyptian dialect is a republic mostly...
		During the anarchy which accompanied Ottoman Empire Ottoman rule in Egypt from first to last, Alexandria sank to a small town of about 4,000 inhabitants, and it owed its modern rennaissance solely to Mehemet Ali Egypt Mehemet Ali, who...
	www.uk.fraquisanto.net /Nile_Delta (410 words)

	Romanization of multiscript/multilingual materials: experiences of Malaysia - 65th IFLA Council and General Conference - Conference Programme and Proceedings
		Romanization/transliteration of Jawi (as well as Arabic) started after 1939 with the publication of Daftar Ejaan Melayu Zaaba.
		Because of his unique characteristic of the Jawi scripts, variation in the punctuation symbols occured where the comma and semi colon are the mirror images of the comma and semicolon of used in the roman script.
		Jawi scripts is originated from the Arabic which contained particular adaptation and addition.
	www.ifla.org /IV/ifla65/papers/150-155e.htm (1466 words)

	LINGUIST List 6.823: German, Nostratic, Romanization, Chinese Errors, Shoebox
		I am looking for references for "linguisitcally minded" and/or standard romanizations to be used to produce orthographies of the following languages: Arabic Cantonese Korean Farsi Hindi Tamil All characters used in the romanization must be found on a standard keyboard.
		There needs to be a mapping between the original orthography and the romanization--the romanization can contain more linguistic "smarts" than the original orthography.
		Frank Anshen Dept of Linguistics State U of NY Stony Brook, NY 11794
	www.sfs.nphil.uni-tuebingen.de /linguist/issues/6/6-823.html (943 words)

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Topic: Romanization of Arabic

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In the News (Sun 12 Oct 08)