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Topic: Romansh language

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Ladin language

	Romansh language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Romansh (also spelled Rumantsch, Romansch or Romanche) is one of the four national languages of Switzerland, along with German, Italian and French.
		Romansh is not a single language but a group of closely-related languages or dialects, all belonging to the family of the Rhaetian languages.
		Category:Romance languages Category:Languages of Switzerland Category:Endangered languages als:Rätoromanische Sprache cs:R%C3%A9torom%C3%A1n%C5%A1tina de:Bündnerromanisch eo:Roman&265;a_lingvo es:Romanche fr:Romanche it:Lingua_ladina ja:&12525;&12510;&12531;&12471;&12517;&35486; la:Lingua_Romancica li:Reto-Roemaans nl:Retoromaans no:Retoromansk språk pl:J&281;zyk_romansz pt:Romanche ro:Limba_reto-roman&259; rm:Rumantsch Grischun fi:Retoromaanin kieli sv:Rätoromanska wa:Romantche zh:&32599;&26364;&20160;&35821;
	romansh-language.iqnaut.net (517 words)

	Romansh - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is one of the three Rhaeto-Romance languages, believed to have descended from the Vulgar Latin variety spoken by Roman era occupiers of the region, and, as such, somewhat resembles Italian, French, Spanish and Catalan.
		Romansh is an umbrella term covering a group of closely-related dialects, spoken in southern Switzerland and all belonging to the Rhaeto-Romance language family.
		Romansh was standardised in 1982 by Zürich-based linguist Heinrich Schmid.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Romansh_language (952 words)

	_ Romansh Romanche language speak speaking Switzerland guide romansh romanche (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Romansh, the third official language of Graubünden, is the fourth language of Switzerland and the principal everyday tongue of some seventy thousand people.
		In 1996 a second constitutional amendment elevated Romansh to the status of a semi-official language of the Confederation, thereby preserving its status amongst Romansh communities, guaranteeing its appearance on official documents such as passports and in legislation affecting Romansh areas, and eliminating the requirement for Romansh-speakers to use any other language.
		Romansh itself, however, is not a unified whole: there is a welter of different dialects, each of which can vary dramatically from the others.
	switzerland.isyours.com /e/guide/graubunden/romansh.html (485 words)

	Lia Rumantscha : Linguistic geography
		Romansh speakers, who are all at least bilingual (with the exception of some young children and some very old people), were only allowed to specify one language in answer to the first question.
		The economic and social changes are having a devastating impact on the Romansh language: the linguistic culture is dissolving, Romansh is becoming peppered with foreign expressions, the language skills of native speakers are declining, and their linguistic awareness is rapidly dwindling too.
		Nearly half of all married Romansh speakers have chosen a spouse whose native tongue is not Romansh, and the percentage of such “mixed marriages” is increasing.
	www.liarumantscha.ch /Sprachgeographie.352.0.html?&L=2 (1857 words)

	swissinfo - Little islands of Romansh
		Romansh, a Latin-based language spoken by a tiny minority of the Swiss population, is one of Switzerland's four national languages.
		Education is recognised as one of the most important ways of preserving the minority language Romansh, which is one of canton Graubünden's three official languages.
		Romansh is a tiny minority language that is divided into five local idioms — not the ideal basis for forming a common identity.
	www.swissinfo.org /eng/specials/romansh/index.html (338 words)

	Romansh
		Phrasebook and grammar for Puter (a Romansh dialect)
		The language is based on the so-called vulgar Latin, or "people's Latin," with influences from Etruscan, Celtic, and other languages spoken by early settlers in the mountain valleys of what are now the Grisons and Italy's South Tirol.
		It was officially recognized as Switzerland's fourth language on February 20, 1938, and was formalized as the written language of Rumauntsch in 1982.
	europeforvisitors.com /switzaustria/articles/romansh_language.htm (368 words)

	The Romansh Language
		Romansh is one of the three primary divisions of the Rhaeto-Romance language (the others being Ladin and Friulian).
		Romansh is a descendant of Latin, which was brought into present-day Switzerland in 15 BC, when Roman legions under Tiberius and Drusus conquered and colonized the area.
		The language was further weakened during the Reformation by the development of written forms that were different for each dialect, instead of a unified standard.
	www.rogerkreuz.com /gen/Romansh.htm (644 words)

	Lia Rumantscha : Rumantsch grischun
		Romansh radio and television use RG for all their written communications and increasingly for the spoken word too.
		Romansh radio and television use RG especially for any written material accompanying their broadcasts and for pre-formulated contributions whose contents are not purely local (www.rtr.ch).
		For many decades, the standardisation of languages has been an important branch of the linguistic sciences, whereas the normalisation of the situation of a language and its use is a key component of socio-linguistics.
	www.liarumantscha.ch /Rumantsch_grischun.397.0.html?&L=2 (2951 words)

	Dissertation Outline
		The Romansh language is in a serious predicament as it is part of a fluid linguistic situation where Romansh bubbles up to the top only in very specific places and contexts.
		The important point is that many Romansh (most due to their own mobility) are living in communities where they have to use German in many aspects of life and there are few possibilities for formal Romansh language education for their children.
		Romansh preservation efforts should be observed for their originality of using new venues for language interaction such as World Wide Web and their use of technology to engage with outsiders and link insiders.
	geog.tamu.edu /~prout/Chapter1.htm (11071 words)

	swissinfo - The Romansh language survives centuries
		Dolomitic Ladin and Friulian, used in northern Italy, and Romansh, which is spoken exclusively in Switzerland's southeastern canton of Graubünden, are known as the Rhaeto-Romance languages.
		One of the most significant developments for Romansh in the past few decades was the creation of Rumantsch Grischun, the standard written Romansh, in 1982.
		Romansh is actually the term for the five different variants of the language which exist as small islands of Latin across Graubünden.
	www.swissinfo.org /eng/front/detail/Indestructible_Romansh_survives_centuries.html?siteSect=105&sid=7056769&cKey=1158313345000 (792 words)

	Romansh language, alphabet and pronunciation
		Romansh is a Romance language spoken by 50-70,000 people in the Swiss canton of Grisons (Graubünden).
		Romansh, which is also known as Rumantsch, Romansch or Romanche or Rhaeto-Romansch, is not in fact a single language but rather a cluster of closely-related dialects.
		Romansh first appeared in print in 1552 in a catechism by Jacob Bifrun called Christiauna fuorma, which he wrote in the Engadine dialect.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/romansh.htm (496 words)

	U.S.ENGLISH Foundation Official Language Research - Switzerland: Language in everyday life
		As far as foreign language learning is concerned, in the German speaking part of the country, French is traditionally taught as the “national language 2” (LN2).
		Google chose the new official literary language, Rumantsch Grischun, which is a mixture of the four major dialects spoken across the Romansh speaking valleys in the canton of Grischun.
		Romansh, the fourth national language in Switzerland, has gained greater recognition after a new radio and television broadcast center was established in Chur, the capital of Graubűnden canton
	www.us-english.org /foundation/research/olp/viewResearch.asp?CID=27&TID=6 (1109 words)

	swissinfo - Literature, music and rap keep Romansh alive
		Romansh literature underwent a revival a century ago and helped the emerging Romansh identity to flourish.
		The language of Romansh, with its roots in the southeastern Swiss canton of Graubünden, has a long written tradition, including Biblical texts dating from the 16th century.
		But it was not until the 19th century that large volumes of Romansh literature began to appear, bolstered by the need to defend a disappearing language.
	www.swissinfo.org /eng/feature/detail/Literature_music_and_rap_keep_Romansh_language_alive.html?siteSect=108&sid=7056894 (738 words)

	Swiss Languages :: Soccerphile
		Romansh is an official language only in the canton of Grabinden.
		Romansh is the mother tongue of a mere 0.5% of Switzerland's population, and as such is out-numbered by both Serbo-Croat (1-2%) and English (~1%).
		Romansh (also known as Rumantsch, Romansch or Romanche) is descended from the Vulgar Latin spoken by Roman era occupiers of the area, and is spoken by a total of about 50-70,000 people.
	www.soccerphile.com /soccerphile/euro2008/culture/swiss-languages.html (639 words)

	Geographical perspective of the Swiss Romansh.
		The Romansh are found in two contexts: the first is in the traditional homeland as defined as areas with current or recent Romansh majorities, and the second context could be called diasporic, where they are both dispersed and integrated into other language communities.
		Romansh as a whole is classified with two other languages (Ladin in the Dolomites of South Tyrol, and Friulian in Northeast Italy) as the "Rhaeto-Romance" language on par with other Romance languages such as French and Italian.
		Cultural survival is the main issue!The activities of the Romansh to preserve and even enhance their language are the most interesting aspects to observe.
	geog.tamu.edu /~prout/SRbasics.html (601 words)

	Official Romansh still has some way to go (eng, NZZ Online)
		Romansh, a Latin:based language spoken by a tiny minority of the Swiss population, is one of Switzerland's four national languages.
		But although Romansh has strong support : on a federal level and in the southeastern canton of Graubünden where it is spoken : the language remains underrepresented in the country as a whole.
		The language has also benefited from the country's strong attachment to the principle of multilingualism and promotion of minorities.
	www.nzz.ch /2006/09/21/eng/article7056834.html (700 words)

	www.ch.ch - Welcome - Multilingualism in Switzerland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The different languages in Switzerland are essentially linked to geographic regions, with the result that areas where there is more than one main language are an exception.
		German is the prevailing national language spoken by 63.7 % of the population, followed by French, spoken by 20.4 %, Italian, by 6.5 % and Romansh by 0.5 %.
		By contrast, the non-national languages are in the ascendancy.
	www.ch.ch /schweiz/00140/00141/00747/00853/index.html?lang=en (435 words)

	Christian Schoenenberger's Humble Homepage - Languages in Switzerland
		What follows is an outline on languages in Switzerland, their roots and the language policy conducted by the Government.
		Fifth, even if each language group in Switzerland have their own TV channel and radio stations - Rhaeto-Roman has program ‘windows’ in the German speaking channels -, the media have also contributed to a loss of language identity.
		The aim of today’s Swiss language policy is to conserve quadrilinguism as a vital means for mutual understanding and as a an important element of national identity.
	members.aol.com /cschoenenb/language.htm (1763 words)

	[No title]
		198 ``While he was playing the organ, a particular note hung, or, to speak the language of organ-builders, ciphered, by which the tone was continued without the pressure of the finger.
		(1801) I. 399 ``It is an idiom of the Cockney language.
		He read all the languages which are considered either as learned or polite.
	www.chass.utoronto.ca /~cpercy/courses/457OEDlanguage.htm (1965 words)

	romansh - Ask.com Web Search
		It is a Romance language, believed to have descended from the vulgar Latin spoken by Roman era occupiers of the region, and, as...
		Romansh, the third official language of Graubünden, is the fourth language of...
		Romansh (also spelled Rumantsch, Romansch or Romanche) is one of the four national languages of Switzerland, along with German, Italian and
	search.ask.com /web?q=romansh (263 words)

	Very basic informations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Romansh was committed to writing at different times in history and by different people in the various parts of Graubünden.
		in the language of Surselva (Bündner Oberland) in the north of Graubünden.
		It is also the written language of the Val Müstair (Münstertal), although the people there have their own spoken form called Jauer.
	www.romansh.ch /11000.html (415 words)

	German language and Germany by ALS International (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		German is used as the official language of Germany and of Austria.
		Modern German belongs to the group of so-called Germanic languages (including also the Scandinavian, Dutch, Flemish, and English languages) that are descended from a common prehistoric ancestor referred to by linguists as “proto-Germanic”.
		As a result the German language, although of great importance for the historical literature of science and technology (in which Germany was preeminent up to 1933), does not today play a major role in global commerce.
	www.alsintl.com /languages/german.htm (1482 words)

	Diacritiques
		It took me a thorough look through this page in Romansh dealing with school questions (actually, with the very issue of the place of the language in education) to find out that it is scolasts (for boys) or scolastas (for girls).
		It is, with tudestg, franzos and talian, one of the four “national languages” in Switzerland.
		Romansh apparently has five distinct dialects, and I agree with the Debian geeks (er, and thanks for providing the OS that runs my computer!), and Mark Liberman’s justification, that the speaker’s dialect is Surmiran.
	serendipity.lascribe.net /tag/romansh (1927 words)

	Amazon.com: Romansh (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Studies in modern Romansh poetry in the Engadine,: With special consideration of Zaccaria Pallioppi (1820-1873) Gian Fadri Caderas (1830-1891) and Peider Lansel (1863---) by Mildred Elizabeth Maxfield Miller (Unknown Binding - 1938)
		An account of the Romansh language, 1776, (English linguistics 1500-1800; a collection of facsimile reprints) by Joseph Planta (Unknown Binding - 1972)
		The Italian, Spanish, Portuguese and Romansh languages: Grammars, dictionaries, miscellaneous treatises (A Bibliography of the English language from the...
	www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&keywords=Romansh&tag=lexico&index=blended&link_code=qs&page=1 (715 words)

	Romansh Learn
		It is a Romance language, believed to have descended from the vulgar Latin spoken by Roman era occupiers of the region, and as such, somewhat resembles Italian and French.
		Romansh was standardized in 1982 by Zürich-based linguist Heinrich Schmid.
		The standardized language, called Rumantsch Grischun, has not been very well accepted, and speakers of the different dialects tend to address one another in German.
	www.worldlanguage.com /Languages/romansh.htm (385 words)

	GeoNative - Rhetoromance - Romansh - Ladin
		Moreover, one of those, Romansh, is also divided into units that some claim to be languages per se, not dialects.
		The most extended view is that of considering three languages: Romansh spoken in the west, in Switzerland, Ladin (the central variety) spoken in the Dolomites region of Italy, in Trentino-Südtirol region and also in Veneto, and Friulian (in another page), the easternmost variety, spoken on Friuli, in Italy.
		A Rhaeto-Romance language (altoghether with Friulian and Ladin), spoken in Graubünden, Switzerland, where Romansh is official in 82 of all 120 communes (Italian is also official at a cantonal level, besides German, the majority language).
	www.geocities.com /Athens/9479/ladin.html (383 words)

	Diacritiques » Transcribing an unknown language
		This is a reply to Mark Liberman’s challenge to a) guess the language on a recording and b) transcribe it.
		I may be wrong, of course, but I believe it’s Romansh or something very close to it.
		This Romansch word list shows that Romansh has nouns/words ending in -un, -al and other syllables ending with a consonant, just like on the recording.
	serendipity.lascribe.net /ling-lang/2004/10/transcribing-an-unkown-language (675 words)

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