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	Romantic music - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The era of Romantic music is defined as the period of European classical music that runs roughly from the early 1800s to the first decade of the 20th century, as well as music written according to the norms and styles of that period.
		Romantic music is related to Romantic movements in literature, art, and philosophy, though the conventional periods used in musicology are now very different from their counterparts in the other arts, which define "romantic" as running from the 1780s to the 1840s.
		Romantic composers were aided by improvements in technology, which provided significant changes in the language of music, ranging from an increase in the range and power of the piano to improvements in the sound and reach of the symphony orchestra.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Romantic_music (3444 words)

	Romantic Era (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Classical era had strict laws of balance and restraint, the Romantic era moved away from that by allowing artistic...
		To speak of a Romantic era is to identify a period in...
		Early Romantics sought transcendence, an escape from the banality and ugliness of life in...
	romance.goforyourdreams.org /romantic-era.html (490 words)

	Romantic era
		Romantic music can be defined as music in which expression of feelings is given more importance than formal balance and internal order.
		Although the word "romantic" is now usually used to mean "something related to love", "romantic music" as spoken about by musicologists and academics is not necessarily about this and does not always sound like what would nowadays be thought of as "romantic" in the general sense.
		However, new tendencies such as neo-classicism and serialism challenged the preeminence of the romantic style, and by the middle of the century, very few significant composers were writing in a style that would have been recognised by the romantics.
	www.it-careernet.com /piano/romantic.htm (2305 words)

	Lecture 16: The Romantic Era (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		To speak of a Romantic era is to identify a period in which certain ideas and attitudes arose, gained currency and in most areas of intellectual endeavor, became dominant.
		In doing so, the Romantics were similar to Renaissance humanists in that both failed to perceive the meaning and importance of the cultural period which had preceded their own (see Lecture 4).
		The Romantics returned God to Nature -- the age revived the unseen world, the supernatural, the mysterious, the world of medieval man. It is no accident that the first gothic novel appears early in the Romantic Age.
	www.historyguide.org /intellect/lecture16a.html (3968 words)

	Victor Marie Hugo: Master of the Romantic Era
		The preface especially was viewed by the budding romantic movement as the manifesto for the new school.
		His poetry, that of the romantics, was a natural poetry that obeyed the natural laws and ignored artificial restrictions.
		In 1831 it was published, at the extraordinary age of twenty-nine Hugo was established as the romantic master of the novel, as well as drama and poetry.
	www.ciudadseva.com /textos/estudios/hugo/hugo05.htm (5049 words)

	Romantic Period Music
		Romantic art differs from classic art by its greater emphasis on the qualities of remoteness and strangeness.
		In Romantic music, long sections -even an entire movement- may continue as one unbroken rhythmic pattern, with the monotony and the cumulative effect of an incantation.
		The Romantic era was the golden age of the virtuoso.
	members.tripod.com /~dorakmt/music/romantic.html (1630 words)

	LBST 401: Introduction to Romanticism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Romantic heroes were not those ideal figures Chaucer or Swift or Rousseau celebrated for their public virtues: moderation, temperance, fortitude, communal service, charity, bravery in the face of tyranny.
		The Romantic ethic, in this view, is a reassertion of the credo of the dispossessed, the elevation of the virtues of the inner fortress, the imaginative powers of the human mind, over the traditional virtues, which required a certain social recognition and stability in order to manifest themselves.
		Romantic rebellion, on the other hand, is more often based on a personal attitude, an ad hoc imaginative decision to cast oneself for the moment into the role of a revolutionary, based on the imaginative energies of the moment rather than on anything that might pass muster as a coherent social program.
	www.mala.bc.ca /~johnstoi/introser/romantic.htm (9272 words)

	The Romantic Era (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The romantic artists are the first in history to give to themselves the name by which they are identified.
		The earliest Romantic composers were all born within a few years of each other in the early years of the nineteenth century.
		The continued modification and enhancement of existing instruments, plus the invention of new ones, led to the further expansion of the symphony orchestra throughout the century.
	www.cartage.org.lb /en/themes/Arts/arttimeline/romanticera.html (397 words)

	The Romantic Era
		The Romantic era was a period of great change and emancipation.
		While the Classical era had strict laws of balance and restraint, the Romantic era moved away from that by allowing artistic freedom, experimentation, and creativity.
		During the Romantic period, the virtuoso began to be focused.
	www.geocities.com /mecmirror/TheRomanticEra.htm (347 words)

	The Music of the Romantic Era (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Romantic era produced many more composers whose name and music are still familiar and popular today: Brahms, Tchaikovsky, Schubert, Chopin, Wagner, and Verdi are perhaps the most well-known, but there are plenty of others who may also be familiar, including Strauss, Schumann, Liszt, Mendelssohn, Puccini, and Mahler.
		Their music is clearly Romantic in style and feeling, but it also still clearly does not want to stray too far from the Classical rules.
		The Romantic composer, on the other hand, was often writing for public concerts and festivals, with large audiences of paying customers who had not necessarily had any music lessons.
	cnx.rice.edu /content/m11606/latest (1485 words)

	THE ROMANTIC ERA IN BRITISH LITERATURE
		The Romantic writers abandoned many of the dominant attitudes and principles of eighteenth-century literature.
		In the preface, Wordsworth defined poetry as, "the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings…recollected in tranquility." An emphasis on the emotions was central to the new Romantic poetry.
		Their views on nature were also different, as the Romantic writers saw nature not as a force to be tamed and analyzed scientifically, but rather as a wild, free force that could inspire poets to instinctive spiritual understanding (ex.: Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey).
	www.runet.edu /~ntaylor/romantic_era_in_british_literatu.htm (437 words)

	Music in the Late Romantic Era
		Early Romantics sought transcendence, an escape from the banality and ugliness of life in the newly industrialized cities, and Romantic art became their refuge.
		The works of the era tended to be vast in terms of time and the musical forces required for their performance.
		Although Bruckner was born during the late Romantic age, he had almost nothing in common with it.
	www.geocities.com /Vienna/4291/era.htm (275 words)

	Romantic Era - Vocal
		The oratorio was not the main focus of the romantic era.
		Church music had reached the height of its popularity in the past and was not a main form of music in the Romantic era.
		Romantic church music was like an oratorio as it employed large choruses, an orchestra, and solo voices.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Marble/9607/RomanticEra-Vocal.htm (498 words)

	NYU Course Outline: E85.2074 Music of the Romantic Era
		This course examines the music literature of the Romantic Era (1800-1900) and the composers and the cultural and political forces that played a role in the creation of the musical works of that era.
		Students will be able to identify and recognize important masterworks of the Romantic Era, their composers, and their stylistic idioms.
		Select a book or dissertation dealing with a composer, works, or stylistic characteristics of the Romantic Era and present a report with an abstract to the class, to be posted on the class website.
	www.nyu.edu /classes/gilbert/syllabus/romera.html (504 words)

	English literature -> The Romantic Period on Encyclopedia.com 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Lord Byron was the prototypical romantic hero, the envy and scandal of the age.
		The romantic era was also rich in literary criticism and other nonfictional prose.
		Although the great novelist Jane Austen wrote during the romantic era, her work defies classification.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/section/englsh-lit_theromanticperiod.asp (923 words)

	Romantic Era
		In their choice of heroes, also, the romantic writers replaced the static universal types of classical 18th-century literature with more complex, idiosyncratic characters; and a great deal of drama, fiction, and poetry was devoted to a celebration of Rousseau's “common man.”
		As the romantic movement spread from France and Germany to England and then to the rest of Europe and across to the western hemisphere, certain themes and moods, often intertwined, became the concern of almost all 19th-century writers.
		Many of the libertarian and abolitionist movements of the late 18th and early 19th centuries were engendered by the romantic philosophy-the desire to be free of convention and tyranny, and the new emphasis on the rights and dignity of the individual.
	vixiedust.tripod.com /romantic.html (2185 words)

	Romantic Era, Fashion and Costume 1825-1835
		The neo-Gothic influence in dress fashions was at its peak during the Romantic Era between 1825 and 1835.
		The sleeves of the Romantic Era are the main feature and were built on an inverted triangle bodice.
		Compared to eras where the dating of dresses can be confusing the Romantic Era has quite definite periods of style variations that make it fairly easy to date garments to within a few years.
	www.fashion-era.com /romantic_era.htm (1758 words)

	Romantic Period on the Web ... The Classical Music Beat (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The romantic period in classical music ran from the early 19th century until the early 20th century (although many later composers may be said to still write in a romantic style).
		Although the word "romantic" now most usually means "something related to love", romantic music as spoken about by musicologists and academics is not necessarily about this and does not always sound like what would nowadays be thought of as "romantic" in the general sense.
		While this view partly explains Romantic fascination with the Middle Ages, the actual causes of the Romantic movement itself correspond to the sense of rapid, dynamic social change that culminated in the French Revolution and the Napoleonic era.
	music.searchbeat.com /romantic.htm (1085 words)

	Morbid Outlook - Famous and Infamous Couple of the Romantic Era
		One thing this past era has in common with current times is the universal propensity of people to couple with one another in love relationships and in holy (or unholy) matrimony.
		She is still known as perhaps the greatest female novelist of her era; her novels often dealt with feminist themes as well, though they were of more depth than to focus only on that subject.
		Harriet died in 1854, the mistress in 1862, and Hector in 1869.
	www.morbidoutlook.com /nonfiction/articles/2001_07_couples.html (3876 words)

	Internet Public Library: Music History 102 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		It was during the early part of the seventeenth century that the genre of opera was first created by a group of composers in Florence, Italy, and the earliest operatic masterpieces were composed by Claudio Monteverdi.
		The instrumental concerto became a staple of the Baroque era, and found its strongest exponent in the works of the Venetian composer Antonio Vivaldi.
		During the same period, the first voice of the burgeoning Romantic musical ethic can be found in the music of Viennese composer Franz Schubert.
	ipl.si.umich.edu /div/mushist (1587 words)

	CHAPTER 14 -- THE ROMANTIC PERIOD (1825 - 1900) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Romantic composers focused primarily on historical and literary subjects for their musical topics.
		Romantic music represents a much more personal approach to music, writing for the common man. Where Baroque music seems to be relating to a specific few and Classical music seems to be relating to Everyman, Romantic music is often a very personal journey into the private thoughts and feelings of the composer.
		Schumann is one of pivotal figures of the Romantic era.
	www.gprep.org /~music/musikbok/chap14.html (6041 words)

	Romantic Era Music (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The composers of the Romantic Era, rather, wrote music based on their feelings or...
		The Romantic Era (1850 - 1920 C.E.) The Romantic era was a period of great change and emancipation.
		symphonic poem was brought to the fore during the Romantic era.
	romance.goforyourdreams.org /romantic-era-music.html (550 words)

	Romantic Era
		The Romantic age more or less began with the staging of Giselle, ou Les Wilis at the Paris Opera in 1841, with music composed by Adolphe Adam, who worked closely with the ballet masters, Coralli and Jules Perrot, (1810-1892).
		With the reasonably new skill of dancing en pointe improving, the ladies ruled the Romantic era, with very few men making a mark on ballet during this time.
		During the Romantic era, the Russians got on the "ballet bandwagon" in a big way.
	www.the-ballet.com /romantic.php (333 words)

	The Romantic Era
		Wordsworth continued the work of Milton in freeing the sonnet's subject matter from the conventional and treated the sonnet as a subjective "verse essay" in which to explore his emotions (White & Rosen).
		Among the well known poets of the Romantic period, John Keats (1795-1821) and Percy Shelley (1792-1822) wrote the sonnets most commonly anthologized--"Bright Star" and "Ozymandius", respectively.
		Other notable poets, including Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772-1834) and Lord Byron (1788-1824), wrote a few sonnets but did their best work in other forms.
	www.sonnets.org /romantic.htm (268 words)

	A Brief History of Music
		Beethoven, who was actually responsible for "lighting the flame of Romanticism" and is considered a bridge between the eras, always fought (not always successfully) for maintaining the equilibrium of a piece.
		Most composers of the Romantic period followed this model of Beethoven's and looked for their own balance between emotional intensity and classical form.
		The genre of the symphonic poem was brought to the fore during the Romantic era.
	archiv.radio.cz /hudba/romantic.html (1470 words)

	The Romantic era (c. 1790-1915) (from concerto) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Between the Romantic and the Classical concerto there occurred no such marked, relatively abrupt changes in form or style as were observed earlier here between the Classical and the Baroque concerto.
		The onset of the Romantic era was not signalled by any shift in the concerto's musical structure.
		In this sense the concerto, like the symphony or the string quartet, may be seen as a special case of the musical genre embraced by the term sonata.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-27514?tocId=27514 (928 words)

	The Romantic Era
		Spectacular advances were achieved ir science, particularly in medicine and biology, with the invention of anaesthetics and the works of Mendel and Darwin.
		In music the Romantic standard-bearer was Beethoven, who expanded traditional musical forms to convey great depth and intensity of feeling.
		Mendelssohn, Schumann and Liszt were inspired by the grandeur of nature, but it was also the age of the virtuoso and the public flocked to hear Chopin and Paganini.
	hem.passagen.se /alkerstj/worldofclassicalmusic/romantic/romantic_era.html (280 words)

	Romantic Era Poetry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The collection of mostly Romantic era poetry has been bought by the Wordsworth Trust, which runs the laureate's former home in Grasmere.
		The Romantic Era The categories which it has become customary to use in distinguishing and...
		Women Romantic Era Writers Links to the works by Romantic era women writers.
	www.thepoetryresource.com /7/romantic-era-poetry.html (134 words)

	Electronic Editions - Romantic Circles
		The Romantic Circles Electronic Editions offers a searchable archive of texts of the Romantic era, enhanced by technology made possible in an online environment.
		This early novel, first published in 1833, represents Disraeli in "romantic mode." This version features the novel, an introduction, annotations, reprints of Disraeli’s sources, contemporary reviews, and modern criticism, as well as a detailed bibliography of Disraeli’s life and works, criticism, and other contextual materials.
		Romantic Circles is published by the University of Maryland.
	www.rc.umd.edu /editions (669 words)

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