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Topic: Rome General Peace Accords

	Democratic Republic of Congo - Country Page
		According to reports, marauding bands of armed men in the occupied territories often put victims of rape through further abuse by inserting rocks, sharp sticks, and hot peppers into their vaginas.
		The trade, which according to one victim results in a banana or a cake to feed to her infant son, is taking place despite a pledge by the UN to adopt a "zero tolerance" attitude to cases of sexual misconduct by those representing the organization.
		According to the Financial Times, peacekeeping troops in DRC are facing damaging allegations that they as well as civilian UN personnel have been involved in the systematic sexual abuse of minors.
	www.womenwarpeace.org /drc/drc.htm (10903 words)

	Schiller Institute- LaRouche in Rome - Now is the TIime for A New Bretton Woods!
		Galloni spoke polemically against the general attitude of political parties, NGO (non-governmental organizations), and other movements which today campaign against poverty and hunger in the Third World, but refuse to face and to reverse the causes of this poverty in the world.
		The result today in Germany is that the generation which was educated under Classical humanist standards, prior to the Brandt reforms, and the population which was educated in German schools, secondary schools after the Brandt reforms are almost two different species.
		And as the world, being conquered by Rome, was depleted and ruined, by this policy, the Roman Empire in West disintegrated, and moved to the East, where the population still existed in significant numbers.
	schillerinstitute.org /lar_related/2002/rome_july.html (4423 words)

	Monograph pages 72-73
		For a generation now, young people in the region, from the churches, from the schools and the universities, have been engaged in social activism and human development campaigns, providing a dynamism which is now being harnessed into non violent change.
		The emphasis is to be placed on education, both formal and non formal, of the general population, especially youth, and the training of peace promoters,' teachers, women activists, demobilized soldiers, social workers, media workers, development workers, etc. who ensure the cross cultural, cross conflict and multi language participation in development projects.
		National culture of peace programmes give support to grass-roots initiatives by which the people are striving to fulfill the promise of peace accords.
	www.culture-of-peace.info /monograph/pages72-73.html (610 words)

	Rwanda - Country Page
		According to Human Rights Watch, "The Rwandan government report estimates that one-fifth of Rwandan women are victims of domestic violence at the hands of their male partners.
		According to Human Rights Watch, under representation of women in the criminal and judicial sectors is a key barrier to improved justice for women who were raped during the genocide and for women and girls who have been attacked since the genocide.
		According to a recent article multiple factors came together to contribute to this high number, including the greater number of women who survived the genocide in 1994, a shift in women’s attitudes toward leadership, and efforts to recognize women’s capacity for building reconciliation.
	www.womenwarpeace.org /rwanda/rwanda.htm (5394 words)

	Mozambique: The Business of peace (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		Rowland entered the Mozambican peace process in 1989 employing bluff and a vague agenda to persuade regional leaders that their adversaries were prepared to reach a settlement.
		The generous aid pledges made by the Italians also spoke of their intentions to secure Mozambique as a friendly economic gateway into the Southern African region as a whole in the face of economic competition from other European nations, including Portugal.
		The role played by financial payments in securing Mozambique’s peace settlement is in many ways key to understanding why Renamo’s leadership found it worthwhile to fight for so many years in the absence of a coherent social programme or ideology.
	www.c-r.org /our-work/accord/mozambique/business-peace.php (4726 words)

	National Alliance of Gang Investigators' Associations
		According to the national census, about 20%-30% of the population is Christian, 15%-20% is Muslim, and the remainder adheres to traditional beliefs.
		The second general elections were held December 3-5, 1999, with high voter turnout.
		The United States is one of the largest bilateral donors to the country and plays a leading role in donor efforts to assist Mozambique with its ongoing economic and political transitions.
	www.nagia.org /international/Mozambique.htm (4244 words)

	peacemaking
		This is a history of the peace movement seen from the viewpoint of a peace activist, involved in the international peace movement.
		The peace societies were part of a liberal movement for political reform that aimed for human rights, social improvements, free trade, the abolition of slavery and an end to the waging of war.
		According to the rules of the Foundation, the income and within limits its capital could be used to finance an office that had to be situated in Switzerland, with the name of International Peace Bureau.
	santibox.ch /Peace/Peacemaking.html (17691 words)

	Mozambique
		The mandate entrusted to the United Nations Operation in Mozambique (ONUMOZ) by the Security Council in resolution 797 (1992) of 16 December 1992 was to verify and monitor the implementation of the General Peace Agreement, signed by the Government of Mozambique and RENAMO at Rome on 4 October 1992.
		The peace accords required the United Nations to supervise the cease-fire between the two parties, provide security for key transport corridors, monitor a comprehensive disarmament and demobilization programme, coordinate and monitor humanitarian assistance operations throughout the country, and provide assistance and verification for national elections.
		Although both the General Peace Agreement and the ONUMOZ mandate were successfully implemented, a number of concerns requiring further action remained at the time of the Mission's withdrawal.
	www.un.org /Docs/SG/SG-Rpt/ch4d-17.htm (1275 words)

	Mozambique information - Search.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		The civil war ended in October 1992 with the Rome General Peace Accords, brokered by the Community of Sant'Egidio.
		According to the national census, about 20%-30% of the population is Christian (with Catholicism as the largest denomination), 15%-20% is Muslim, and the remainder adheres to traditional beliefs.
		Among the main Protestant churches are Igreja União Baptista de Moçambique, the Assembleias de Deus, the Seventh-day Adventists, the Anglican Church of Mozambique, the Igreja do Evangelho Completo de Deus, the Igreja Metodista Unida, the Igreja Presbiteriana de Moçambique, the Igreja de Cristo and the Assembleia Evangélica de Deus.
	c10-ss-1-lb.cnet.com /reference/Mozambique (3450 words)

	Guatemala - General Assembly
		The second report (A/58/267, 11 August 2003) covers the period from 1 May 2002 to 15 July 2003, noting that it was a difficult period for the country and that the implementation of the peace accords had lagged.
		Commentary on the implementation of the peace accords noted that MINUGUA verification activities focussed on human rights, the rights and identity of indigenous peoples, demilitarization and the strengthening of civilian power, and socio-economic aspects and the agrarian situation.
		The report notes areas in which progress has been made since the signing of the peace agreements seven years ago, notably the ending of the violence and authoritarian, repressive state practices associated with the war and creation of the framework for a fully participatory democratic state.
	www.hri.ca /fortherecord2003/vol4/guatemalaga.htm (480 words)

	SparkNotes: Woodrow Wilson: Fighting for Peace: 1918
		Known as the Fourteen Points Speech because it outlined the fourteen elements Wilson felt were essential to a lasting peace, it was delivered to establish moral goals for America's participation in World War I.
		In fact, Wilson referred to his vision of the postwar settlement as "peace without victory." Second, Wilson's Fourteen Points were based purely on a sense of morality and righteousness, unlike most of the Allied aims, which were based on vindictiveness and a desire for war spoils.
		Since the early years of the war, he had believed that no lasting peace would ever be established unless he, or another such impartial statesman, attended the peace accords.
	www.sparknotes.com /biography/wilson/section11.rhtml (972 words)

	Zenit News Agency - The World Seen From Rome (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		At the end of today's General Audience, the Holy Father gave a copy in English of the following "Message For Peace To Youth Of The Middle East" to representatives of Israeli and Palestinian youth, and to members of the three monotheistic religions (Jewish-Muslim-Christian).
		At the threshold of the new millennium, you must come to see more clearly that the future of peace, and therefore the future of all humanity, depends upon the fundamental choices which your generation will make.
		In a few years, your generation will be responsible for shaping the destiny of your peoples, your nations, and of the world.
	www.zenit.org /english/archive/documents/youth-middle-east.html (519 words)

	Jerusalem - The Peace Encyclopedia
		Her shrine, the third holiest in the Moslem world after Mecca and Medina, is today a wonderfully peaceful sanctuary planted with palm trees and flowering shrubs enjoyed by Cypriots and tourists alike.
		Through a historical catastrophe - the destruction of Jerusalem by the emperor of Rome - I was born in one of the cities in the diaspora.
		This generation, moreover, has seen the growth of a great movement in non-mainstream Christianity which has become a redoubtable ally in Israel's struggle with its many enemies.
	peace.heebz.com /jerusalem.html (8709 words)

	Pugwash Conferences - Nobel Lecture
		A basic rule is that participation is always by individuals in their private capacity (not as representatives of governments or organizations).
		Pugwash has four small permanent offices, in Rome, London, Geneva and Washington, DC, which operate with a total of only three full-time staff persons and a few part-time and volunteer staff.
		There are some 50 National Pugwash Groups around the world, each organized independently, and in several cases sponsored and/or administered by academies of science, which help to identify suitable participants from their countries and rotate the work of hosting meetings (with funds raised locally).
	nobelprize.org /nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1995/pugwash-history.html (976 words)

	Why Rome Supports the United Nations
		The Holy Father's message for World Day of Peace on Jan. 1 laid out in clear terms the Church's position in favor of international cooperation, including a key role for the United Nations.
		The document also drew attention to the importance of respecting international accords, "especially at times when there is a temptation to appeal to the law of force rather than to the force of law."
		John Paul II went on to call for an international order based on moral principles "which are diametrically opposed to that law which would see the stronger, the richer or the bigger imposing on others their cultural models, economic diktats or ideological models."
	www.ewtn.com /library/ISSUES/ZROMEUN.HTM (968 words)

	Crimes Against Peace – Beyond Nurembergl - Dan Smith- FCNL
		By the time the Chinese entered the fray in November 1950, pushing the UN forces back from the Yalu to below the 38th parallel, U.S. and UN troops were better trained, battle hardened, and more disciplined – all of which would contribute to a reduction in Article 147 transgressions.
		Combining this interpretation with the London conference’s concept of “crimes against peace” could be a useful next step by the international community in trying to reach consensus on a definition of aggression and aggressive war.
		Achieving this goal would complete the agenda of the London meeting, close a gap in the Treaty of Rome establishing the International Criminal Court, and move the world closer to eliminating the scourge of war.
	www.fcnl.org /smith/peace_crimes.htm (2431 words)

	Critique of Romero
		He had studied in Rome for several years at a time when the Vatican was opening up to progressive theological perspectives.
		The president was almost always a general, but he could not stay in power without the support of the economic oligarchy.
		General Romero’s government was overthrown by a dissident group of military officers on October 15, 1979.
	academic.regis.edu /jroth/CCS400critiqueRomero.html (4844 words)

	SUMMIT 11 DECEMBER 1992
		In this regard, the Summitappealed to all parties to renew their commitment to the Bicesse Peace Accordswhich promised a return to normal life in Angola after the holding of electionswhich were considered by the international community as free and fair.
		The Summit noted that the general peace agreement in Mozambique opened new prospects for national reconciliation and normalisation of life for all Mozambicans.
		Taking note of the situation of the preparedness of the U.N. to take up greater responsibility in supervising the peace process in Mozambique, the Summit advised and urged member-states to support this exercise, and takeany measures that may be recommended to assist fully in the implementation of the Rome Peace Accords.
	www.anc.org.za /ancdocs/history/transition/summit.htm (1086 words)

	Rome General Peace Accords - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Rome General Peace Accords between the Mozambican Civil War parties, the Frelimo (government) and the Renamo (rebels), put an end to the Mozambique Civil War.
		They were brokered by a team of four mediators, two members of the Community of Sant'Egidio, Andrea Riccardi and Matteo Zuppi, as well as Bishop Jaime Gonçalves and Italian government representative Mario Raffaelli.
		The accords were then signed by the then president of Mozambique, Frelimo leader Joaquim Chissano and by the leader of the Renamo, Afonso Dhlakama.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Rome_General_Peace_Accords (160 words)

	CNN - Annan examines peace process in Guatemala - July 21, 1998
		GUATEMALA CITY (CNN) -- U.N. Secretary General Kofi Annan promised support for Guatemala in its difficult recovery from a long civil war as he began a two-day visit in Guatemala Monday.
		The peace succeeded in greatly reducing political violence and demobilizing the guerrillas of the Guatemalan National Revolutionary Union, known by its initials as the URNG.
		But on Friday he interrupted his Latin American tour to fly to Rome to participate in the Saturday signing ceremony for the creation of a new international criminal court.
	www.cnn.com /WORLD/americas/9807/21/guatemala.annan.01/index.html (597 words)

	Community of Sant'Egidio - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Community of Sant'Egidio was founded in Rome in 1968 by a group of Roman high school students led by Andrea Riccardi.
		In 1990, the Community was accepted by the ruling Front for Liberation of Mozambique and rebel Mozambican National Resistance as a mediator, playing a key role in the Rome General Peace Accords signed in 1992.
		They continue peace initiatives in Algeria, the Balkans, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and other areas, in the belief that war is the "mother of every poverty”.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Community_of_Sant'Egidio (521 words)

	Africatravelco - Oveland Safaris and Adventures (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		The civil war ends in 1992 with the Rome General Peace Accords.
		The second general elections are held 1999 with high voter turnout.
		International and domestic observers agree that the voting process is well organized and goes smoothly.
	www.africatravelco.net /maps.php?map=Mozambique (622 words)

	INCORE: Conflict Data Service: Peace Agreements
		In 1994 the UN sponsored Lusaka peace accords were signed between the ruling MPLA and the guerrilla opposition UNITA.
		Many of the Lusaka accords (for example, relating to government access to UNITA controlled territory and the demobilisation of armed groups) have yet to be implemented.
		The text of the Horn peace deal of December 2000 is available from the BBC.
	www.incore.ulst.ac.uk /cds/agreements/africa.html (571 words)

	Mozambique Programme-Project Profile 6.0
		It is becoming generally recognized that the processes of peace and development must be integrated if either is to succeed.
		In order to integrate peace with the development process and to strengthen the long-term sustainable infrastructure of Mozambican society, this Project emphasizes the in-service training in peace culture for development workers with an emphasis on Mozambican organizations and workers.
		Once they return to their regular work in development programmes at a grass-roots level, these "peace promoters" will use their conflict resolution skills to ensure that development work engages the participation and gives good results to all people regardless of their culture, ethnicity or religious or political beliefs.
	www.culture-of-peace.info /annexes/mozambique/page47.html (620 words)

	Mozambique Alive - A Look into the History, Culture and Beauty of Mozambique \| global nomads group
		The government soon saught to find peace with South Africa, believing that it would not only bring them some semblance of power over the ever-increasing threat of Renamo, but would also bring them excellent revenue from the United States.
		By 1984, Mozambique was able to negotiate an agreement with South Africa, the Nkomati Accord, in which Mozambique agreed to stop supporting the African National Congress so that South Africa would stop supporting Renamo.
		Chissano and Dhlakama signed the Rome General Peace Accords to cease fire in October 1992.
	www.gng.org /mozambique/about_mozambique/civil_war.html (839 words)

	Exploring Global Conflict
		Play for Peace is an organization based in Illinois that works to develop relationships between children in areas affected by conflict.
		Peace and Conflict is a clearinghouse of information concerning Peace Studies on the WWW.
		Peace Brigades International is a unique grassroots organization exploring and implementing nonviolent approaches to peacekeeping and support for basic human rights.
	www.uwm.edu /Dept/CIS/conflict/congeneral.html (5358 words)

	Guatemala Political System
		The civil war ended with the signing of the Peace Accords in 1996.
		Guatemalan President Berger has stated that his priorities are to fight crime, corruption and poverty, and to implement the peace accord that ended Guatemala's vicious 36-year civil war in 1996.
		General Montt lost his immunity from prosecution when he gave up his seat as a member of Guatemala's Congress early in 2004.
	home.gwu.edu /~abeljr/Gmala/u3pol.htm (509 words)

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