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Topic: Room acoustics

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	Room acoustics
		The sound behavior in a room depends significantly on the ratio of the frequency (or the wavelength) of the sound to the size of the room.
		In the case where the sound in the room is not diffused enough, such as rooms with good absorption surfaces in some areas, or with an unusual shape (long and narrow, very low ceiling, or many different focusing surfaces), the RT calculation is not accurate.
		Acoustical simulation is a technique that assists the acoustical consultants in the evaluation of room acoustics or the performance of the sound systems.
	home.tir.com /~ms/roomacoustics/roomacoustics.html (742 words)

	Room Acoustics
		Walls are not infinitely stiff, rooms have windows, doors, openings, suspended floors or ceilings, etc. In addition, it is the polar pattern and the acoustic source impedance of the given loudspeaker that determines which of the potential room modes are actually excited and to which degree.
		This type of speaker illuminates the listening room uniformly and the perceived sound is strongly influenced by the room's acoustic signature.
		Room modes can be identified by peaks and dips in the frequency response of the acoustic transfer function between speaker and listening position, though only at low frequencies (<150 Hz) where their density is not too high.
	www.linkwitzlab.com /rooms.htm (3797 words)

	Room Acoustics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		In a bare room, where all surfaces absorb the same fraction of the sound that reaches them, the theoretical reverberation time is proportional to the ratio of volume to surface area.
		Common requirements for good acoustics include adequate loudness, uniformity, clarity, reverberance, or liveness (the listener should be bathed in sound from all sounds, though still able to localize the sound source), freedom from echoes, and minimal background noise.
		The acoustical measure of intimacy is called the initial time delay gap (ITDG), which is defined as the interval between the arrival of the direct sound and the first reflection at the listener.
	www.music.mcgill.ca /~gary/307/week5/rooms.html (1106 words)

	Golden Acoustics
		The primary acoustic issues in small room like mix rooms are the low frequency modal response, speaker – boundary interference and strong early reflection interference from walls, ceiling, consoles and equipment racks.
		Regardless of the size of the room, a uniform, flat, linear response throughout the room is essential.
		Ideally, practice rooms should have adjustable acoustics that could vary with the type of instrument being practiced and adjustable to emulate the acoustics of the hall they will be performing in.
	www.goldenacoustics.com /Products/application.html (1209 words)

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		As with listening rooms, bass traps are also useful in studio recording rooms for the same reasons - to flatten the response of instruments captured by microphones and, with large studios, to improve the acoustics by reducing the low frequency reverb decay time which makes the music sound more clear.
		Acoustic treatment as described in this article goes a long way toward eliminating response-skewing reflections, and with a properly treated room, equalization may not be worth the effort and expense.
		Room modes are natural resonances that occur in every enclosed space, and the frequency of each resonance is directly related to the room's dimensions.
	www.ethanwiner.com /acoustics.html (19589 words)

	Room acoustics
		The physics of room resonances is derived and discussed in detail in the physics section.
		The standard modal approach for designing a room with good acoustics is to create as many different resonances as possible, and to spread them as evenly as possible across the frequency spectrum, as discussed in the Handbook for Sound Engineers, Chapter 3.
		The room has a measured reverberation time of 1/2 sec at 125 Hz, and using the table in the image analysis section, this corresponds to an absorption coefficient between.20 and.25.
	www.silcom.com /~aludwig/Room_acoustics.html (3014 words)

	SMR Group: Room Acoustics, the Secret of 2:3:5. Page One.
		When a loudspeaker emits a sound, a waveform travels outward through the room, but it is then affected by the room boundaries, the bounced energy from which also adds to the whole, as experienced by the listener.
		In a small room, the wavelength does not have the space to complete one cycle before meeting a boundary, but is still conveyed due to the reflections from that boundary.
		The diffusion of soundwaves within a room also largely affects the stability of low frequencies, a condition worsened as the room size decreases, thereby resulting in serious amplification or attenuation of certain frequencies.
	www.smr-group.co.uk /articles/acoustics1.html (810 words)

	Room Acoustics in Your Listening Room - Rives Audio (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		I have seen many $100k systems plunked down in a room with little or no thought to acoustics, and if they just got these basics right they would be much happier with their system.
		In small room acoustics the most common problem is what is known as room modes.
		Room modes occur because there are boundaries, namely the walls, ceiling and floor, that reinforce certain frequencies.
	www.audioholics.com /techtips/setup/RoomAcoustics-RivesAudio.html (2998 words)

	Room Acoustics and Reverberation Time Lab
		Since the boundaries of the room reflect incident sound energy, the sound signal received by a listener at some location in the room will consist of sound which arrives directly from the source, sound which arrives after reflecting from one surface, and sound which has undergone several reflections.
		For a small room the time required to achieve a diffuse sound field may be on the order of 50 ms, while for a large auditorium it may approach 1 s.
		The primary difference between small rooms and large rooms is that the sound field in a large room is dominated by the statistical reverberant field whereas the sound field in a small room is dominated by resonant room modes.
	www.kettering.edu /~drussell/GMI-Acoustics/Reverb.html (2416 words)

	rives1
		This is by no means meant to be an intensive course on acoustics, which by the way, for those that are interested, we recommend and have a list of educational and training opportunities on our website.
		With today’s advanced state of technology I doubt that in most cases the CD transport itself would be the main cause for a bright room, yet this is a comment that I actually encountered and after discussing the situation, the owner was still convinced that most of all he needed to upgrade his transport.
		Room acoustics can look like anything you want them to look like—particularly if new construction is involved.
	www.positive-feedback.com /Issue11/rives1.htm (1726 words)

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		The nulls are often strongest at the rear wall because the loudspeaker's wavefront traveling the length of the room is strongest in that direction.
		In some severe cases - for example, with a room that's 8x8x8 feet - it could be useful to complement broadband absorption with traps that target the enormous resonance that exists when all three dimensions are the same.
		As you've seen, small room acoustics is not really that complicated, and all problems are caused by waves reflecting off the room boundaries.
	www.realtraps.com /art_small_rooms.htm (3228 words)

	Room Acoustics - Acoustical Parameters Measurement
		This kind of measurement is done by placing the sound source (fed by the MLS signal) and the microphone (at listening position) inside the room under test.
		For example, by using a sample rate of 48 kHz for a measurement in a large room with reverberation time of about 2 s, a MLS length of 128K = 2719.7 ms must be used (or better 256K, to have a larger margin).
		RT20 is the reverberation time of the room (the time required for a sound decaying of 60 dB) evaluated over a 20 dB decay range in the Schroeder Plot (from -5 to -25 dB), using linear regression techniques.
	www.purebits.com /appnote11.html (1146 words)

	6moons.com - industry features
		This is by no means meant to be an intensive course on acoustics (which, by the way and for those who are interested, we recommend and encourage with a list of educational and training opportunities on our website).
		Room acoustics can look like anything you want them to look - particularly if new construction is involved.
		Room acoustics are extremely complex, but not beyond understanding.
	www.6moons.com /ramef/2.html (1828 words)

	Campanella Associates (Acoustics Consultants) - Acoustics FAQ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		For the reverberation room, the SPL is measured at several locations in the that room, then averaged.
		Structural acoustics is concerned with the coupled dynamic response of elastic structures in contact with non-flowing fluids into which vibrations or sound is consequentially emitted.
		Structural acoustics problems of interest involving water include the vibration of submerged structures, acoustic radiation from mechanically excited, submerged, elastic structures; acoustic scattering from submerged, elastic structures (e.g., sonar echoes); acoustic cavity analysis; and dynamics of fluid-filled elastic piping systems.
	www.campanellaacoustics.com /faq.htm (9575 words)

	Room Acoustics: Introduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The purpose of this on-line segment is to teach you the process of calculating, albeit in an approximate way, the reverberation time of an enclosure.
		On the contrary, many, if not most, acoustics systems of interest involve sound sources and listeners that are located inside an enclosure--for example a classroom or an auditorium.
		The acoustic properties of the materials that make up the reflecting surfaces in the room will thus play a part in determining the duration of the reverberation.
	physics.mtsu.edu /~wmr/reverb_1.htm (897 words)

	Room acoustics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Room acoustics describes how sound behaves in an enclosed space.
		The first zone is below the frequency that has a wavelength of twice the longest length of the room.
		Above that zone, until the frequency is approximately 11,250(RT60/V) wavelengths are comparable to the dimensions of the room, and so room resonances dominate.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Room_acoustics (157 words)

	Auralex Acoustics - World-Class Acoustic Foam Sound Control Products At Real-World Prices!
		Auralex Acoustics is the industry leader in acoustical treatment products, including acoustical absorbers, diffusors, sound barriers, construction materials, isolation platforms and complete room treatment systems.
		Acoustical foam is well-suited to alleviate slap and flutter echo, the two most common problems that are often associated with inaccurate room acoustics.
		Diffusion widens the "sweet spot" and lends a strong, 3D sense of openness to a room.
	www.auralex.com (236 words)

	Room Acoustics & System Calibration for Home Theater
		Most of us do not have unlimited space or resources, and even if we did, there are still issues and obstacles that always have to be overcome.
		It is really astounding how a good an average playback system can sound in a stellar room, and conversely, how poorly a state of the art, mega dollar system can sound in a room with no positive acoustic values.
		Acoustics 101 Course by John Dahl of THX
	www.audioholics.com /techtips/roomacoustics/index.php (481 words)

	Theater Room Acoustics
		My intention is to beef up the theater room envelope to provide better sound isolation from the rest of the house, and to keep as much low frequency energy in the room, where I can feel it!
		The other part of this project is to reduce first sound reflections which produce harmonic distortion at the listening point and improve the surround sound field dispersion.
		I've started the process by adding acoustic treatement in the form of Insulshield on the front wall of the theater behind the drapes. I've purchased enough Insulshield plus Guilford of Maine FR701 fabric to treat and cover the side and rear walls.
	www.myhometheater.homestead.com /Acoustics.html (226 words)

	ETF Acoustic Measurement Software
		ETF software is a highly accurate PC based acoustic measurement system designed to meet the needs of both hi fi enthusiasts and professionals.
		The Demo Room Project illustrates simple, cost effective methods of making substantial improvements to room acoustics & sound quality for any audio installation.
		This will not supply the same accuracy as the unit sold here but is recommended for applications where critical adjustment of frequency response is already done or not necessary.
	www.etfacoustic.com (334 words)

	Campanella Associates (Acoustics Consultants) - Sound Advice on Teleconferencing Room Acoustics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Since teleconferencing started in higher management echelons, early teleconferencing rooms were "designer showcases" of panelling and window surfaces, all of which inspire sound echoes.
		Most offices and conference rooms are too noisy and too reverberant to serve as a teleconferencing room.
		The teleconferencing room is to be designed as a package with the aid of a professional acoustical consultant, especially when an upscale interior design is required.
	www.campanellaacoustics.com /teleconf.htm (534 words)

	Direct Acoustics Speakers - Loudspeakers by Winslow Burhoe for home audio and home theater
		This includes designing the cabinets to blend smoothly into the room acoustics.
		These sounds include all forms of distortion; irregularities in frequency response as well as resonances created within the speaker and acoustic distortions in the radiation of sound from the cabinet.
		Drive units are on a slanting baffle, facing up, in order to help avoid creating standing waves and room acoustics.
	www.directacoustics.com /home.htm (421 words)

	Big Sky Acoustic, LLC
		Big Sky Acoustics, LLC is an independent acoustical consulting firm based in Helena, Montana
		The firm routinely conducts noise studies and develops noise and vibration control measures to limit impacts at noise-sensitive receptors.
		Therefore, each client is assured that an unbiased analysis will be conducted, and that the benefits and limitations of several noise control options will be presented.
	www.bigskyacoustics.com (156 words)

	Room Acoustics eBooks - Heinrich Kuttruff - Visit eBookMall Today!
		This book considers the theory and practice of sound behaviour in enclosed spaces; a key area for acoustical engineers worldwide.
		This thoroughly revised and long awaited new edition of Kuttruff's classic professional and scientific reference Room Acoustics builds on the success of the 1991 3rd edition.
		Of particular interest to those working on auditoria and therefore an excellent complement to Barron's Auditorium Acoustics (which is aimed at the architect rather than the engineer).
	www.ebookmall.com /ebooks/room-acoustics-kuttruff-ebooks.htm (204 words)

	Linkwitz Lab - Loudspeaker Design
		You can use the information in these pages to learn about sound reproduction, room acoustics, loudspeaker design and related subjects in order to build your own speakers, to understand the theoretical background behind different designs, or to optimize what you own.
		It describes a three-enclosure design with active delay and crossovers using drivers that were highly regarded at the time, KEF T27, B110 and B139.
		Consider a pair of reference earphones that you equalize to your hearing in order to find out what is really on the CD you have been listening to, and what your room and speakers are contributing.
	www.linkwitzlab.com (1207 words)

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