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Topic: Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine

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	Biography of Theodore Roosevelt
		As President, Roosevelt held the ideal that the Government should be the great arbiter of the conflicting economic forces in the Nation, especially between capital and labor, guaranteeing justice to each and dispensing favors to none.
		Roosevelt emerged spectacularly as a "trust buster" by forcing the dissolution of a great railroad combination in the Northwest.
		His corollary to the Monroe Doctrine prevented the establishment of foreign bases in the Caribbean and arrogated the sole right of intervention in Latin America to the United States.
	www.whitehouse.gov /history/presidents/tr26.html (657 words)

	Monroe Doctrine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Monroe Doctrine, expressed in 1823, proclaimed that the Americas should be closed to future European colonization and free from European interference in sovereign countries' affairs.
		The Doctrine was conceived by its authors, especially John Quincy Adams, as a proclamation by the United States of moral opposition to colonialism, but has subsequently been re-interpreted in a wide variety of ways, including by President Theodore Roosevelt as a license for the U.S. to practice its own form of colonialism (see Roosevelt Corollary).
		The Drago Doctrine was announced in 1902 by the Foreign Minister of Argentina.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Monroe_Doctrine (1613 words)

	Roosevelt, Theodore. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Roosevelt’s interest was drawn to politics, and while serving (1882–84) in the New York state legislature as a Republican, he strongly opposed the nomination of James G. Blaine for the U.S. presidency.
		Roosevelt virtually dictated the nomination of his presidential successor, William Howard Taft; after an African big-game expedition and a triumphal tour of European cities, Roosevelt returned (1910) to the United States and joined the campaign for the direct primary in New York.
		Roosevelt led his followers out of the convention, organized the Progressive party—also called the Bull Moose party—and was nominated for President on this third-party slate.
	www.bartleby.com /65/rs/RsvltT.html (1539 words)

	The Historian: The Venezuelan claims controversy at the Hague,... @ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Theodore Roosevelt's claim that he was instrumental in the peaceful resolution of the dispute before the Court of Arbitration at the Hague was later questioned by former minister to Venezuela Herbert W. Bowen.
		The Venezuelan debt crisis of 1902-3 is historically significant because it contributed to the promulgation of the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine and gave rise to the Drago Doctrine.
		The Roosevelt Corollary, having asserted that the United States was the main policeman, appears to have eclipsed British, French, and especially German imperialism in Latin America.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:16990537&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (4951 words)

	Monroe Doctrine. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The doctrine was not ratified by any congressional legislation; it did not obtain a place in international law, and the term Monroe Doctrine did not come into general circulation until the 1850s.
		Following the Venezuela Claims question, Theodore Roosevelt expounded (1904) what came to be known as the Roosevelt corollary to the Monroe Doctrine; he stated that continued misconduct or disturbance in a Latin American country might force the United States to intervene in order to prevent European intervention.
		Under President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, the doctrine was redefined as a multilateral undertaking to be applied by all the nations of the hemisphere acting together, and emphasis was placed on Pan-Americanism.
	www.bartleby.com /65/mo/MonroeDo.html (1042 words)

	3 points from ch. 9 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Roosevelt and the "Ideal of the strenuous life" is one man's vision of the perfect American, Roosevelt admonished those who "lack either the desire for power or of power to strive after greater things", and preached the greatness of those who had the luxury of being politically and socially active.
		Roosevelt sought to justify this through claiming that it was the duty of civilized nations to insure civilization in neighboring nations.
		Roosevelt claimed that if nations such as the U.S. did not seek to get involved in the issues of un- civilized countries and territories, then that nation was to become vulnerable to the evils that plagued those un- civilized areas.
	www.siena.edu /mahar/_disc320/00000021.htm (205 words)

	SparkNotes: Theodore Roosevelt: Important Terms, People, and Events
		Roosevelt's uncle James Bulloch served as an admiral in the Confederate Navy and was responsible for building the ship in Great Britain.
		Roosevelt died at Sagamore Hill on January 5, 1919, and was buried near the house.
		Roosevelt, appointed to be the head of this commission by President Benjamin Harrison in 1888, kept the post until 1895.
	www.sparknotes.com /biography/troosevelt/terms.html (5407 words)

	HistoryWiz: Big Stick Diplomacy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Part II Later, the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine declared that the United States would exercise "international police power" to get Latin American nations to honor their financial commitments.
		As part of his annual address to Congress in 1904, President Theodore Roosevelt stated that in keeping with the Monroe Doctrine the United States was justified in exercising "international police power" to put an end to chronic unrest or wrongdoing in the Western Hemisphere.
		The Roosevelt Corollary sought to justify such intervention whenever the American government thought it was necessary.
	www.historywiz.com /bigstick.htm (277 words)

	World Almanac for Kids
		MONROE DOCTRINE, statement of U.S. policy on the activities and rights of European powers in the western hemisphere, made by President James Monroe in his seventh annual address to the U.S. Congress on Dec. 2, 1823; it eventually became one of the foundations of U.S. policy in Latin America.
		Because it was not supported by congressional legislation or affirmed in international law, Monroe’s statement initially remained only a declaration of policy; its increasing use and popularity elevated it to a principle, specifically termed the Monroe Doctrine for the first time after the mid-1840s.
		Roosevelt’s corollary to the Monroe Doctrine justified subsequent U.S. intervention in Caribbean states during the administrations of Presidents William Taft and Woodrow Wilson.
	www.worldalmanacforkids.com /explore/us_history/monroe_doctrine.html (746 words)

	Monroe Doctrine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Monroe was recalled in September 1796 and felt he had been betrayed by his opponents who used him to appease France while they made great concessions to Britain in Jay’s Treaty that the United States had signed in 1794.
		Monroe returned home in June 1797 and after two years of retirement from public office, he was elected governor of Virginia, a position that he served from 1799 until 1803.
		Monroe was the logical presidential nominee at the end of Madison’s second term, and he won the election easily.
	www.monroedoctrine.net (1190 words)

	Roosevelt Corollary
		President Theodore Roosevelt's assertive approach to Latin America and the Caribbean has often been characterized as the "Big Stick," and his policy came to be know as the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine.
		Although the Monroe Doctrine of 1823 was essentially passive (it asked that Europeans not increase their influence or recolonize any part of the Western Hemisphere), by the 20th century a more confident United States was willing to take on the role of regional policeman.
		Roosevelt declared that the United States might "exercise international police power in 'flagrant cases of such wrongdoing or impotence.'" Over the long term the corollary had little to do with relations between the Western Hemisphere and Europe, but it did serve as justification for U.S. intervention in Cuba, Nicaragua, Haiti, and the Dominican Republic.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ho/time/gp/17660.htm (241 words)

	The Monroe Doctrine
		Monroe's declaration of policy toward Europe did not become known as the Monroe Doctrine until about 30 years after it was proclaimed.
		In the early 1900s, the U.S. emerged as a world power and the Monroe Doctrine became the foundation of U.S. foreign policy.
		President Theodore Roosevelt added the "Roosevelt Corollary" to the Monroe Doctrine in 1904, which said the U.S. had the exclusive right to intervene in the affairs of Latin American countries that were actively involved in deliberate misconduct or that refused to pay their international debts.
	www.americaslibrary.gov /cgi-bin/page.cgi/aa/presidents/monroe/doctrine_3 (110 words)

	American President (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Roosevelt spent two years out West in an attempt to recover from the tragedy, rustling cows as a cattle rancher and busting outlaws as a frontier sheriff.
		Roosevelt was also the nation's first environmentalist, setting aside 190 million acres for national forests, coal and water reserves, and wildlife refuges.
		Roosevelt subscribed to the racist and imperialistic view that people of color were a "burden" that the white man must carry as part of his Christian duty.
	www.americanpresident.org /history/theodoreroosevelt (976 words)

	Chp 1
		Later in 1903, Roosevelt’s famous Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine was enacted.
		He created the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, which is sometimes known as the policy of preventive intervention.
		The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine would allow the United States to “intervene” in order to prevent other powers from “intervening.” However this act also caused the Latin American countries to look at the United States as a colossus who was trying to harm them.
	www.genconnection.com /ushistory/chp28.htm (1430 words)

	Theodore Roosevelt
		Theodore Roosevelt was the twenty-sixth president of the United States and Eleanor Roosevelt's uncle.
		He was also Franklin Roosevelt's fifth cousin and a political role model for both his younger relatives.
		Roosevelt and his "Rough Riders" distinguished themselves at the battle of San Juan Hill and Roosevelt used the resulting publicity to jumpstart his race for the New York governorship in 1898.
	www.nps.gov /elro/glossary/roosevelt-theodore.htm (1227 words)

	SparkNotes: Theodore Roosevelt: 1901–1909: Big Stick Diplomat and Peacemaker
		Roosevelt, throughout his political life, felt that being prepared for conflict was the best recourse the United States had to prevent war.
		As a corollary to this, he also understood that the threat of force rather than force itself was often sufficient to deter military conflict.
		Roosevelt favored the Japanese but feared that American commercial interests in China would be jeopardized no matter which country won the war.
	www.sparknotes.com /biography/troosevelt/section9.rhtml (1228 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		This was especially because American public opinion considered the Monroe Doctrine as justification for their expansion across the continent under the concept of "manifest destiny".
		This led to the Olney Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine.
		Under this extension of the Monroe Doctrine the United States assumed the responsibility of intervention in the affairs of Latin American countries in the event of their chronic misbehaviour.
	www.cs.utah.edu /~goller/books/MONROE/BIOG.TXT (657 words)

	Presidents: The0dore Roosevelt
		Roosevelt was 42 years old at the time of his inauguration.
		From 1897 to 1898 Roosevelt served as the Assistant Secretary of the Navy.
		Roosevelt intervened on the side of miners in the coal strike of 1902.
	www.multied.com /Bio/presidents/t_roosevelt.html (633 words)

	American Experience \| The Presidents \| Theodore Roosevelt \| PBS
		Roosevelt came to the presidency intent on expanding U.S. power abroad and with a belief that America should be strong and ready to defend its interests around the world.
		Roosevelt had long advocated the building of a Central American canal, linking the Pacific to the Atlantic.
		Roosevelt publicly maintained that it was better for Quentin to have served and died than not to have served at all, but the boy's death had a profoundly diminishing effect on the old Rough Rider.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/amex/presidents/26_t_roosevelt/t_roosevelt_foreign.html (699 words)

	Monitor Coverage 2002 \| csmonitor.com
		The doctrine represents one of the first examples of US unilateralism: James Monroe and John Quincy Adams refuse a British alliance agreement to keep the other Europeans out of the Western hemisphere.
		In 1904, Roosevelt claims that the US is "the policeman of the Western Hemisphere," and says the US will intervene in the affairs of any nation that threatens US interests.
		This declaration would later be known as the "Roosevelt Corollary" of the Monroe Doctrine.
	www.csmonitor.com /specials/neocon/timeline/neoconTimeline.html (1871 words)

	The Old Cause
		Clark wrote that, "[t]he Doctrine states a case of the United States vs. Europe, and not of the United States vs. Latin American." It was meant to act, and had acted, "as a shield between Europe and the Americas."
		Policy-makers have cited the Monroe Doctrine to justify any number of interventions, although that doctrine has never led to major war - unless we count almost blowing up the whole place in 1962 (but that was just a side effect of the whole history of US-Cuban relations).
		Thus, the Monroe Doctrine as a form of rhetoric is a snare and a delusion, a work of art never intended by James Monroe.
	www.antiwar.com /stromberg/pf/p-s040300.html (1734 words)

	Theodore Roosevelt
		Roosevelt's approach to foreign matters was "speak softly and carry a big stick." When it came to Europe, Roosevelt spoke softly and didn't get very involved.
		This gave the president the power to decide which countries were "acting out," and which countries needed to be put in their place.[24] Roosevelt established the president's role as a powerful international leader, as well as an imperial leader.
		Roosevelt's Corollary started a still existing tradition of US interference in Latin America, under the leadership of the president.
	www.coursework.info /i/9812.html (659 words)

	Hauenstein Center for Presidential Studies at Grand Valley State (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The doctrine was developed in the wake of the War of 1812, when the British sacked Washington, D.C. Partly in response to this humiliation, President James Monroe's secretary of state, John Quincy Adams, developed a foreign policy that left open the possibility of unilateral action and pre-emptive military strikes in a well-defined sphere of influence.
		Although the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine has long since been repudiated, the Bush Doctrine borrows elements from it, especially the premise that the United States has the unilateral right to use military force when our nation's interests are threatened.
		The Bush Doctrine makes pre-emption a policy of last resort -- which is seen as vital when considering just war theory -- but it boldly asserts the right to hunt down terrorists in foreign lands and to launch pre-emptive military strikes against the governments of nations that harbor terrorists.
	www.gvsu.edu /hauenstein/index.cfm?fuseaction=home.ask_read&id=B762640C-FDDA-64D2-2BC5694837E0A22C (1479 words)

	New Page 0
		Roosevelt believed that nations, like individuals, should pursue the strenuous life and do their part to maintain peace and order, and he believed that “civilized” nations had a responsibility for stewardship of “barbarous” ones.
		Quoting an African proverb, Roosevelt claimed that the right way to conduct foreign policy was to “speak softly and carry a big stick.” Roosevelt resorted to big-stick diplomacy most conspicuously in 1903, when he helped Panama to secede from Colombia and gave the United States a Canal Zone.
		Contrary to his bellicose image, Roosevelt privately came to favour withdrawal from the Philippines, judging it to be militarily indefensible, and he renounced any hopes of exerting major power in Asia.
	www.puhsd.k12.ca.us /chana/staffpages/eichman/Adult_School/us/fall/power/moraldiplomacy.htm (518 words)

	Society's Memory Bank - Fair and Balanced
		Theodore Roosevelt recognizes that the United States, in 1904, is strong enough to enforce its regional hegemony, and based upon this reality and his desire to prevent European interventions in the Western Hemisphere he voices his Corollary.
		The Monroe Doctrine’s purpose is to maintain United States hegemony in the Western Hemisphere by precluding the specter of European intervention from being a factor.
		President Roosevelt’s Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine places the doctrine in the context where U.S. power is uncontested in the Western Hemisphere, neither by the Latin American nations nor by the European nations.
	memorybank.blogspot.com /2003_09_21_memorybank_archive.html (2591 words)

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