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Topic: Root (philology)

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Kellogg, Brown and Root

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	Root - LoveToKnow Watches
		This kind of root is sometimes shortened, and becomes swollen by storage of food-stuffs, forming the conical root of carrot, or the fusiform or spindle-shaped root of radish, or the napiform root of turnip.
		Roots are usually underground and colourless, but in some cases where they arise from the stem they pass for some distance through the air before reaching the soil.
		Leaf-buds are sometimes formed on roots, as in plum, cherry and other fruit trees; the common elm affords an excellent example, the young shoots which grow up in the neighbourhood of a tree arising from the roots beneath the soil.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Root (1356 words)

	Philology - LoveToKnow 1911
		Till then, literary philology included linguistic, as a merely subordinate and auxiliary part, the knowledge of a language being the necessary key to a knowledge of the literature written in that language.
		Literary philology has had its full share of advantage from this movement; but linguistic philology has been actually created by it out of the crude observations and wild deductions of earlier times, as truly as chemistry out of alchemy, or geology out of diluvianism.
		They are languages of roots: that is to say, there is not demonstrable in any of their words a formative part, limiting the word, along with others similarly characterized, to a certain office or set of offices in the formation of the sentence.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Philology (13428 words)

	Untitled Document
		Roots comprising four letters or more appear among the regular roots (and are not assigned a separate section, as was done by Menaħem’s successors, Rabbi Jonah ibn Janah and Rabbi David Qimhi, in their dictionaries).
		The monoliteral roots were not placed in their expected position in Menaħem’s dictionary, at the beginning of the entries for each letter that serves as the initial letter of a monoliteral root according to his system, but in a concentrated discussion, apparently because they are very few.
		For example, he believed that although the roots על"ץ ['-l-ts], על"ז ['-l-z] and על"ס ['-l-s] all mean “joy”, they are three separate roots and not three appearances of one root in which one consonant was varied by means of a change in the position of the articulation or the way in which it was articulated.
	kdictionaries.com /kdn/kdn1302.html (4459 words)

	Warring States Philology \| The Current Zeitgeist (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Philology has been through a bad century recently, and it is currently embarked on an even worse one.
		Whatever brilliant successes philology and other humane sciences might later achieve, and many successes were ahead of them in 1688, the larger question of the intrinsic authority of antiquity had been decided — against antiquity.
		Text philology has always been closely identified with the study of Greek and Latin, and the uselessness of Greek and Latin for practical money making had become apparent, at least to the British, by the end of the 19th century.
	www.umass.edu /wsp/philology/front/zeitgeist.html (1118 words)

	MSU-LGCLL:: Anatoliy A.Polikarpov - Explaining Basic Menzerathian Regularity: Dependence of Affixes' Length on the ...
		Roots should follow one else, specific law of their length changes as function of the growth of affixal chains within word-forms containing that or another root.
		Positional numbers are oriented to a root as a center of word-formational process and a zero point in word-formational static structure.
		The most important to note, first, that roots are opposed to affixes on the whole and, second, that prefixes during all diapazone of word lengths are, on the average, longer than suffixes.
	www.philol.msu.ru /~lex/articles/menzerath2003.html (3998 words)

	PHILOLOGY - Online Information article about PHILOLOGY
		In a language of developed structure like our own, we arrive at such " roots " mainly by an artificial stripping-off of the signs of relation which almost every word still has, or can be shown to have once had.
		root, about which cluster a whole body of forms and derivatives; if we could follow its history no farther it would be to us an ultimate root, as much so as bind or sing or mean.
		Sturm; the root is probably that seen in " stir," to rouse, move, disturb, cf.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /PER_PIG/PHILOLOGY.html (9214 words)

	Proto-Eastern Philology
		Roots never contain two long vowels (though a few inflections have long vowels, so the rule does not apply to words).
		Naturally we cannot be certain of the meaning of a reconstructed root; the plausibility of the meaning given ranges from near certainty (in cases like *lēbes, where the descendent languages agree on a meaning) to flimsy conjecture (e.g.
		In many cases the root may have had a more specific meaning than the one shown-- perhaps identical to that found in one of the child languages-- but our methods cannot say what it is.
	www.zompist.com /eastern2.html (6375 words)

	History Of The Scottish Nation - Vol 1, Chapter 2 - Journey of the Kymri to Britain
		The first is Philology, or language: the second is Mythology, or worship: and the third is Tradition, or folk-lore.
		Philology holds in its hand the clue by which it can track all the tongues of the world through the perplexed labyrinth of diverse grammars, idioms, and dialects, to the one primeval tongue of the race.
		All are agreed that this form of worship took its rise in the same region to which philology has already conducted us and identified as the father-land of mankind.
	www.electricscotland.com /history/wylie/vol1ch2.htm (3168 words)

	auggie's Journal
		Philology as of recent use has come to mean love of words and/or love of learning.
		Philology is a vast and comprehensive field like that of linguistics and philomathy.
		Rhetoric cannot be denied because it is the primary root of good, effective and understandable communication, especially speech and stylistic expression.
	www.greatestcities.com /users/augrhawlod (610 words)

	Wildbranch Hebrew Word of the Week: VIRGIN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Their shared root is the basis for their fundamental meanings.
		The reason why these two words are brothers in the world of Hebrew philology is because they both share the same meaning of 'hidden' or 'not known'.
		However, the verbal root of the word does signify someone who has NOT KNOWN a man. In the Hebrew scriptures, the idea of 'knowing a man' means having had intercourse.
	www.wildbranch.org /WOTW/60virgin.htm (341 words)

	The Philological Method of the Veda - Aurobindo
		Modern philology strives after a more secure and scientific basis, but has not yet found it.In the psychological interpretation of the Veda there are, especially, two difficulties which can only be met by a satisfactory philological justification.
		Moreover, there is a peculiar extension of it in the Vedic use, a deliberate employment of the "multi-significance" of Sanskrit roots in order to pack as much meaning as possible into a single word, which at first sight enhances the difficulty of the problem to an extraordinary degree.
		Its root is capable, among other senses, of the ideas of impulsion, force, possession, enjoyment, and we find all these meanings united in this figure of the Steed of Life to indicate the essential tendencies of the Pranic energy.
	www.gatewayforindia.com /articles/Aurobindo.htm (2573 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Comparative philology, as it emerged in the early nineteenth century, enabled a new type of comparative cultural history that rewrote the genealogical table presented in the Old Testament, challenging its monogenetic view of human origins and seeking more scientific models for the emergence of cultural diversity than the story of Genesis.
		Philology and “Mosaic Ethnology” Since the writing of the Jewish Bible, and in all the religious traditions that drew on this source, language has been interpreted as an indication of the genealogical relations among human communities.
		He founded this assumption initially on the affinity of root words common to them all, such as the names for mother, father, brother, and sister, but extended his analysis into their “innerste Struktur und Grammatik” [innermost structure and grammar].
	www.cssaame.ilstu.edu /issues/24-2/benes.doc (8098 words)

	R
		century debates concerning the ‘language-species-organism analogy’ in the emerging field of comparative-historical philology.
		The root metaphor (plural in the case of Western cultures) has changed over time; and if we examine various periods of Western history we find that the creation myth of the Book of Genesis served as a root metaphor that had a profound influence on subsequent cultural patterns....” (Bowers 1993: 93).
		It was through the Great Chain of Being metaphor which, previously, the associated conceptual networks of the organic root metaphor had been given visual force.
	www.zbi.ee /~kalevi/rmfrank.htm (4058 words)

	The Forward Newspaper Online: Language Lover Gets Back to His Roots (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		In it, Lowin examines 101 Hebrew verbal roots, and, through the use of insightful and entertaining — some truly enchanting — examples, explores the approach to word- and concept-building peculiar to Hebrew.
		The most glaring omission is an intelligent and intelligible discussion of the (literal) root of the book, indeed of Hebrew itself: the "shoresh," the Semitic/Hebrew root, which is a concept historically and psychologically strange to speakers of Indo-European languages.
		Philology, etymology and (dare I suggest?) homiletics all come together in Lowin's tour de force.
	www.forward.com /main/printer-friendly.php?id=7172 (458 words)

	Witzel’s Philology
		No work has struck deeper roots than his in the soil of the scientific development of India.
		The root even with the addition of a verbal inflection expresses mere action (its own meaning).
		In other words, a word, built of a root and inflection (verb), must be an integral part of a sentence.
	www.bharatvani.org /indology/baumrejoinder.html (5608 words)

	Root Language - Sanskrit from the Chapter "Siksa", in Hindu Dharma : kamakoti.org:
		Root Language - Sanskrit from the Chapter "Siksa", in Hindu Dharma : kamakoti.org:
		But words like "danta" point to the fact that Sanskrit is the root language.
		So that must be the root form of the word.
	www.kamakoti.org /hindudharma/part6/chap3.htm (499 words)

	The Hindu : Book Review : Sri Aurobindo on speech
		He was of the view that on the basis of original mind impressions one can discover the root sounds which would help us to establish a source language as the basis of all the languages of the world.
		On the basis of Sri Aurobindo's writings, the author presents a critique of comparative philology, which is not scientifically sufficient to study the multifaceted problems concerning language, its origin and growth.
		Further, this chapter analyses the structural pattern of the Sanskrit language, the root meanings of the vowels and consonants and provides samples of original sounds as the source of language formation.
	www.hindu.com /br/2006/02/21/stories/2006022100301700.htm (433 words)

	But a far more powerful theologian entered the field in England to save the sacred theory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Adam Clarke speaks of those "who reject the establishment of what, _we believe_, to be a divine revelation." Thus comes in that customary begging of the question--the substitution, as the real significance of Scripture, of "_what we believe_" for what _is_.
		While they seemed to be carrying everything before them in France, researches in philology made at such centres of thought as the Sorbonne and the College of France were undermining their last great fortress.
		Then comes the third stage: advanced theologians endeavour to compromise on the idea that Adam was "given verbal roots and a mental power." Finally, in our time, we have them accepting the theory that language is the result of an evolutionary process in obedience to laws more or less clearly ascertained.
	www.skepticfiles.org /misctext/wt014.htm (7890 words)

	Comments on love
		What is not stated is which vowel is the stem vowel in verbs having more than one vowel in the root.
		These talk about "fronting (or backing) the stem vowel", without saying which vowel in a multi-vowel root is the stem vowel.
		However, this would imply that the verb pansyru, with the root vowels a and y, has the stem vowel y, since that's the second vowel of the root; this fronts to i.
	www.zompist.com /board/messages/91.html (765 words)

	LINGUIST List 9.721: Philology vs. Linguistics
		It was only later realised that Bloomfield's definition of the morpheme was difficult to apply in the field.
		An agreed definition of such basic terms as 'morpheme' and 'root' is long overdue.
		If agreement can be reached by the theoretical linguists, then the benefits for applied linguistics concerned with the effective use of such research materials as lexical frequency lists for pedagogical purposes will doubtless be very far-reaching indeed.
	www.ling.ed.ac.uk /linguist/issues/9/9-721.html (391 words)

	ANCIENT ASTROLOGY AS A COMMON ROOT FOR SCIENCE AND PSEUDO-SCIEN
		Although the names of several modern sciences such as philology, geology and biology end with the same combining form, we cannot consider astrology as the 'science of stars', which in fact is the general definition of astronomy.
		The term 'astronomy' is formed with the word nomos, or 'law', thus the direct translation of 'astronomy' is the 'law of stars'.
		This makes ancient astrology one of the main roots of pseudo-sciences, especially those based on formal rationalism - prediction is derived from effects that must be physically determined, but cannot be proved by a scientific method.
	haldjas.folklore.ee /folklore/vol15/ancient.htm (5956 words)

	Renaissance Phil
		For Lerer, erring is not simply being wrong, but being errant, and this book illuminates the wanderings of exiles, émigrés, dissenters, and the socially estranged as they helped form the modern university disciplines of philology and rhetoric, literary criticism and literary theory.
		He explains that the Qabalah is the root source of all Western mystery traditions—Kabbalist, Rosicrucian and Sufi—as well as the more modem, classic Western systems, such as the tarot, alchemy, angelology, and ritual magick.
		Its roots draw from the primordial past, but it has proven throughouthistory its adaptability and its power to give to successive generations first-hand knowledge of the levels of existence.
	www.wordtrade.com /philosophy/renaissance (2635 words)

	A Polish Grammar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Among morphemes, we distinguish lexical morphemes which are roots of words in most cases and which have lexical meanings, as well as grammatical morphemes which tie the former ones into certain compositions.
		Kindern ‘to children’ (kind- is the root, -er- denotes plural, -n denotes dative), Pol.
		In Polish the agglutination concerns only certain verbal forms; the agglutinated endings may be torn away from the verb and joined another word in the sentence, e.g.
	grzegorj.w.interia.pl /gram/isoen/gram2.html (3323 words)

	EZE 38 and 39
		For myself, I was a close student of “Philology.” It was a Philology paper that got me my First in “Mods.” The jargon did not trouble me at all, for I was already beginning to see, what the later Philologist asserted, that “Language” was no certain test of “Race,” but only of Social Contact.
		The root form of it is found not only in Bul-garia, but also in the modern name of the great mountain range — Haemus of old, but now the Bal-kans — recalling the Bal-kan hills and bay on the Caspian shore of Tubal’s former settlements in Central Asia.
		The root M-G-G also underlies “Mongol” — and you know the proverb, “Scratch a Russian and you find a Tartar.” Magog was the 2nd son of Japhet (others being Meshesh and Tubal) and was known to have migrated to southwestern Russia.
	www.childrenofyahweh.com /Emahiser/eze_38_and_39.htm (9091 words)

	DITL - HAMARTIA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Hamartia has been approached to the Indo-European root *smer, from which meros : «share, portion» is derived, preceeded by a negative alpha, but phonetic difficulties make this derivation uncertain.
		Another suggestion is to derive it from the Indo- European root *sm-mrs-t- from which Lithuanian mirstù : «to forget» is derived and also the old Indian mrsa: «in vain».
		Hamartia (or hamartema), derived from the verb hamartano : «to miss the mark, to miss road, be failed of good speech,to neglect,to err», covers a wide range of actions, having as extremes harmless faults, judgement errors, and abominable crimes.
	www.ditl.info /arttest/art1747.php (1224 words)

	DITL - ÉLOQUENCE / Oratory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Whay may be attempted here is to consider the main applications, glance at some particularly interesting uses and arguments, and underscore what seems the most helpful delimitation of the term.
		The Latin word eloquentia (from e(x)=out and loqui=to speak) was, during the time of the Emperors, frequently replaced by eloquium (from the same root); but eloquentia continued to be employed (in the Middle Ages also at times in the primary sense of eloquium=speech, language) and passed into vernacular languages, e.g.
		This is suggested linguistically by the common root, and, in point of matter, by the vital importance of actual wording, of style for Eloquence.
	www.ditl.info /arttest/art13703.php (2197 words)

	Linguistics - Schema-Root (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The roots of language are irrational and of a magical nature."
		It was this discovery of Sanskrit alone that gave rise to a new branch of research, comparative philology and modern linguistics in general.
		In 1997, he said, he got a call from a professor of linguistics from British Columbia who was teaching students from a wide range of African nations.
	schema-root.org /language/linguistics (902 words)

	Quranic Sciences
		This is the study of language syntax, a branch of grammar, which deals with the relation of a sentence with another.
		Etymology is the knowledge of root words and conjugations.
		The meaning of a word changes with a change in the root or its conjugation.
	quran-academy.freeyellow.com /sciences.html (704 words)

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