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	Rosalind Franklin (1920-1958)
		Because of Rosalind’s proficiency in X-ray crystallography, she was given the task of determining the structure of the DNA molecule.
		Rosalind’s enthusiasm for the discovery of the DNA structure was without the knowledge that it was her own work that had acted as a stepping stone for Watson and Crick.
		Rosalind Franklin played a crucial role in translating the structure of DNA and yet even now her name is rarely found along side Watson, Crick and Wilkins for her contribution to science.
	www.quasar.ualberta.ca /edse456/apt/vignettes/franklin2.htm (913 words)

	Rosalind Franklin - MSN Encarta
		Rosalind Franklin (1920-1958), British physical chemist whose groundbreaking research led to the discovery of the double-helix structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), a molecule found in all living cells that contains the genetic material passed from one generation to the next.
		Franklin died four years before the Nobel Prize in chemistry was awarded to her colleague Maurice Wilkins, along with American biochemist James Watson and British biochemist Francis Crick, for their work in the discovery of the structure of DNA.
		Born in London, Franklin enrolled at Newnham College of the University of Cambridge in 1938, graduating in 1941.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761564570/Franklin_Rosalind_Elsie.html (518 words)

	Rosalind Franklin
		Rosalind had been asked to set up a laboratory to study DNA fibres using X-ray crystallography, where atoms can be precisely mapped by looking at the image of the crystal under an X-ray beam.
		Rosalind had been assured that she was to be given equal status, and must have regretted her decision to leave Paris where she had been happy.
		Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins were both working on separate projects, each being concerned with DNA, with Rosalind having the responsibility for determining the structure of DNA.
	www.zephyrus.co.uk /rosalindfranklin.html (599 words)

	Rosalind Elsie Franklin
		Rosalind Franklin, a British physical chemist whose groundbreaking work led to the discovery of the double-helix structure of DNA was born on July 25, 1920 in London, England.
		Franklin continued her DNA research with the slight friction at the laboratory.
		Rosalind Franklin died April 16, 1958 in London, England from cancer at the age of thirty-seven.
	library.thinkquest.org /20465/franklin.html (506 words)

	ROSALIND FRANKLIN
		More recently Franklin has become, as Maddox puts it, “the Sylvia Plath of molecular biology.” The path toward this dubious distinction began in 1974, when Franklin’s friend Anne Sayre wrote Rosalind Franklin and DNA in an apparent attempt to restore her reputation as a brilliant scientist and a vivacious, adventurous woman.
		Shades of gray are Maddox’s palette in her Rosalind Franklin, and she uses them judiciously to paint a portrait of a complex, contradictory, fiercely passionate and passionately fierce woman whose true place in scientific history is still open to debate.
		Franklin’s death, a model of courage and poignancy, forced an urgency to her work on the tobacco mosaic virus, which she studied in hopes of understanding DNA’s close chemical cousin, RNA.
	nasw.org /users/robinhenig/rosalind_franklin.htm (968 words)

	Rocky Road: Rosalind Franklin
		Franklin did not share the Nobel Prize; she died in 1958 at the age of 37.
		Randall sent Franklin a letter telling her that she would be in charge of DNA research, all the while allowing Wilkins to think that DNA would remain his territory and that Franklin would assist him.
		Rosalind, it seems to me, was too cautious." Yet some scientists familiar with the situation suspected that Franklin would have found the structure of DNA on her own in several more weeks.
	www.strangescience.net /rfranklin.htm (1051 words)

	Rosalind Franklin - Photographer of DNA
		Rosalind Franklin was born July 25, 1920 in London to prosperous parents, Ellis and Muriel Waley Franklin.
		Franklin graduated from Newnham with a B.A. in 1941 and from Cambridge University with a Ph.D. in physical chemistry in 1945.
		Franklin's time at King's College was further demeaned as women were not allowed in university dining rooms, and many of her colleagues went to male-only pubs for after-work socializing.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/14014/96508 (438 words)

	NIMR :: Mill Hill Essays 2002 :: Rosalind Franklin — The dark lady of DNA
		Rosalind Franklin died prematurely of ovarian cancer in 1958, four years before the Nobel Prize was awarded.
		While Rosalind Franklin is increasingly remembered for her role in the discovery of the structure of DNA, it is often forgotten that her scientific career extended much further.
		It allows us to see another side of Rosalind Franklin, that of a woman who enjoyed life, who was passionate about travelling and mountaineering, adored children and flourished when she was surrounded by friends who shared her love of discussion.
	www.nimr.mrc.ac.uk /millhillessays/2002/franklin.htm (2669 words)

	Rosalind Franklin
		Rosalind Franklin was born in London on July 25, 1920.
		Franklin was strongly influenced by her grandfather, Arthur, who was active in social service and was so committed to Judaism that his will stipulated that only those descendants married to Jews would inherit any of his estate.
		Franklin made a number of advances in x-ray diffraction techniques with DNA that allowed her to discover crucial elements in what had become a race between competing research teams to discover the structure of DNA.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/biography/franklin.html (559 words)

	"Light on a Dark Lady">
		Rosalind Franklin was a scientist at a time when the parameters of science were changing fast and there were new ideas and new methodology to be explored; however, this was also a time when there was still considerable prejudice against women scientists.
		Rosalind was steadily becoming increasingly uneasy with the political outlook her family adopted and was very ready to move further toward a socialist standpoint.
		Rosalind had already discovered that there were two forms of the helix, which she had christened A and B. She worked on the A-form using the laborious Patterson Technique-a lengthy and tedious process of mathematical analysis of the diffraction patterns generated.
	www.physics.ucla.edu /~cwp/articles/franklin/piper.html (4203 words)

	Amazon.co.uk: Rosalind Franklin: The Dark Lady of DNA: Books: Brenda Maddox (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Brenda Maddox's Rosalind Franklin: the Dark Lady of DNA is the "untold" story of the scientist whose work was paramount in the discovery of the double helix.
		Rosalind Franklin was to die at age 37, and 4 short years later Nobel Prizes were given out to those that benefited directly and substantially from her work.
		Rosalind Franklin was one of the keys to the discovery of DNA, her work made Watson and Crick's announcements possible, and History should be taught correctly.
	www.amazon.co.uk /Rosalind-Franklin-Dark-Lady-DNA/dp/0002571498 (1295 words)

	Physics Today March 2003
		Early in life, Rosalind manifested the creativity and drive characteristic of the Franklin women, and some of the Waley women, who were expected to focus their education, talents, and skills on political, educational, and charitable forms of community service.
		Franklin pulled exceptionally thin single fibers and controlled the humidity in her specimen chamber by bubbling hydrogen gas through salt solutions and then flooding the chamber with the humid gas that resulted.
		Franklin was an outstanding and accomplished scientist--a fascinating individual with a strong personality who made a lasting impression on almost everyone she met.
	www.physicstoday.org /vol-56/iss-3/p42.html (3904 words)

	Rosalind Franklin
		Rosalind Elsie Franklin (1920-1958) was born on 25 July 1920 in London and was educated at St Paul's Girls' School before attending the University of Cambridge in 1938.
		In November 1951, Franklin presented her A and B form data to an audience that included James Watson, who was working in Cambridge with Francis Crick on the X-ray crystallography of protein.
		Franklin moved to Birkbeck College, London, where she continued some work on DNA and was given charge of a virus research group.
	www.wellcome.ac.uk /en/fourplus/sci_r_franklin.html (454 words)

	Why Rosalind Franklin?
		Born into an upper middle-class Jewish family, Rosalind Franklin was educated at a private school in London where she studied physics and chemistry from an early age, at an advanced level, especially so for a woman at that time.
		Early in her career, it was Rosalind Franklin who painstakingly conceived of and captured "Photograph 51" of the "B" form of DNA in 1952 while at King's College in London.
		It is this photograph, acquired through 100 hours of X-ray exposure from a machine Dr. Franklin herself refined, that revealed the structure of DNA and the key to understanding how the blueprint of all life on earth is passed down from generation to generation.
	www.lifeindiscovery.com /whyrosalindfranklin/index.html (513 words)

	Rosalind Elsie Franklin: Pioneer Molecular Biologist
		Franklin was responsible for much of the research and discovery work that led to the understanding of the structure of deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA.
		Franklin excelled at science and attended one of the few girls' schools in London that taught physics and chemistry.
		Franklin moved to J. Bernal's lab at Birkbeck College, where she did very fruitful work on the tobacco mosaic virus.
	www.sdsc.edu /ScienceWomen/franklin.html (539 words)

	Amazon.ca: Rosalind Franklin: The Dark Lady of DNA: Books: Brenda Maddox (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Rosalind Franklin is known to few, yet she conducted crucial research that led to one of the most significant discoveries of the 20th century-the double helical structure of DNA.
		However, Watson and Crick built on so many of Franklin's results (that DNA was helical, that the phosphates are on the outside, that there are 2 forms of DNA) that the real scandal is that they lied in their paper about having come to the model through pure theory alone.
		She presents Rosalind Franklin as technically gifted and thorough to a degree most mortals would not comprehend, with a personality that is simultaneously beautiful and hostile, fragile and robust, all in the one human being.
	www.amazon.ca /Rosalind-Franklin-Dark-Lady-DNA/dp/0060184078 (2947 words)

	Women in Chemistry: Rosalind Franklin
		Rosalind Franklin explored the basic shape of DNA with X-ray crystallography, a way of photographing the complex shadows cast by molecules bathed in X-rays.
		When James Watson saw Franklin’s “photograph 51” of DNA, his “jaw fell open and his heart began to race,” because he could see that a helical structure was responsible for the X-ray pattern.
		Rosalind Franklin (1920–1958) was born into a prominent London banking family where all children—girls and boys—were encouraged to develop their individual aptitudes.
	www.chemheritage.org /women_chemistry/body/franklin.html (573 words)

	CWP at physics.UCLA.edu // Rosalind Franklin
		Rosalind Franklin made crucial contributions to the solution of the structure of DNA.
		Some of Franklin's important contributions to the discovery of the structure of DNA were posthumously reported by Francis Crick and James Watson.
		Franklin enjoyed French culture and French conversation; Ann Sayre reports that "she was credited by her [French] colleagues with speaking the best French any of them had ever heard in a foreign mouth." [rfd1975as]
	cwp.library.ucla.edu /Phase2/Franklin,_Rosalind@841234567.html (952 words)

	A Science Odyssey: People and Discoveries: Rosalind Franklin
		Franklin's mother also took her side until her father finally gave in.
		Franklin's assumption was that it was her own project.
		Franklin returned to her studies of coal and also wrapped up her DNA work.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/aso/databank/entries/bofran.html (614 words)

	SJSU Virtual Museum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		After graduating from Cambridge University in 1941, Franklin assisted in the war effort for four years by researching better ways to use coal as fuel, and later earned her Ph.D. in 1945.
		Had she lived until 1962, Franklin may have been among the three scientists to win the Nobel Prize for the discovery of the structure of DNA.
		However, Franklin died in 1958 of ovarian cancer and the prize is not awarded after someone's death.
	www.sjsu.edu /depts/Museum/frankli.html (172 words)

	Digital Art: Rosalind Franklin and the Discovery of DNA Structure by Hunter O'Reilly
		A photo of Rosalind Franklin in red is the largest and most prominent in this artwork to give her credit she does not usually receive in the discovery of DNA structure.
		X-ray photographs of DNA taken by Rosalind Franklin are in the upper and lower right and behind her head.
		Rosalind Franklin's data and insights were crucial in Watson and Crick figuring out the structure of DNA.
	www.artbyhunter.com /artgallery/digitalart/rosalindfranklin.html (419 words)

	Amazon.com: Rosalind Franklin and DNA: Books: Anne Sayre,Anne Sayre (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Rosalind Franklin was dead, but it was her legacy that made it possible for them to receive that award.
		Rosalind Franklin was a topnotch crystallographer in the U.K. who discovered the double helical structure of DNA in the 1950's and was about to publish it.
		Rosalind Franklin was a strong-willed individual and an excellent scientist and if either Sayre or Maddox had provided me with evidence that she truly knew the potential significance of her work then I would more easily believe that she would have been determined to complete the structure, but the evidence is not there.
	www.amazon.com /Rosalind-Franklin-DNA-Anne-Sayre/dp/0393320448 (3514 words)

	Online Ethics Center: Incorporating Ethics in Classroom Science Lessons- Case Study 4: The Search for the Structure of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Rosalind Franklin was brought to Kings College, London in 1951 to set up and be in charge of an X-ray diffraction laboratory.
		Franklin died of cancer before the awarding of the Prize, which can not be received posthumously, so it cannot be assumed that the Nobel Committee considered Wilken's work more important than Franklin's.
		What is unquestionably true is that little recognition is accorded to Franklin's important role in most descriptions of the quest for the DNA structure, and her name does not appear in most high school or college biology texts in association with the discovery.
	onlineethics.org /edu/precol/classroom/cs4.html (2328 words)

	"Woman Power" - Rosalind Franklin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		By Melanie P. Even though Rosalind Franklin made a major breakthrough dealing with the DNA structure, she was not acknowledged like Watson, Crick, and Wilkins, who shared a Nobel Prize.
		Franklin's work led the way to the discovery of the DNA structure, and helped verify the accuracy of the model that was constructed by Watson and Crick in 1953.
		Franklin left the lab, but continued to work as a chemist at the tobacco mosaic virus which attacks tobacco plants.
	sln.fi.edu /qa98/biology/journals/part1.html (197 words)

	NPR : Rosalind Franklin: Dark Lady of DNA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Their discovery depended heavily on the work of a woman, chemist Rosalind Franklin, whose research was used without her knowledge or permission.
		Watson's memoir of the discovery dismisses Franklin as frumpy, hostile and unimaginative.
		Franklin was diagnosed with ovarian cancer in 1956 at age 37, and died two years later, without an award, but not without recognition -- eventually.
	www.npr.org /programs/atc/features/2002/oct/darklady (474 words)

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