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	The delayed oscillator: Kelvin and Rossby waves (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Kelvin and Rossby waves have different propagation speeds (and directions) because of their different latitudinal structure, once again owing to the important effect of the Coriolis force, which is strongly latitude-dependent.
		The Kelvin wave and Rossby wave signals generated by this wind stress are shown in the upper left panel of Figure 4.
		The Rossby wave, with negative surface height anomalies, is shown by the region shaded in blue and green.
	iri.ldeo.columbia.edu /climate/ENSO/theory/waves.html (264 words)

	The Ultimate Rossby wave - American History Information Guide and Reference
		Rossby (or planetary) waves are large-scale motions in the ocean or atmosphere whose restoring force is the variation in Coriolis effect with latitude.
		In the oceans, Rossby waves are responsible for the asymmetry of circulatory vortices in which the Western arm of a vortex is narrower and flows more rapidly than the Eastern.
		Rossby waves are generated by atmospheric forcing from winds and buoyancy effects from solar heating and are the principle means by which localised climatic effects drive the global response of the ocean.
	www.historymania.com /american_history/Rossby_wave (349 words)

	[21P.15] Rossby Waves in the Protoplanetary Nebula (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A number of waves and instabilities have been identified as pertinent to the evolution of the protoplanetary nebula, particularly for their roles in mass, angular momentum and energy transport.
		We explore the linear regime of the nebular analog to the PRW: the nebular Rossby wave (NRW).
		The NRW linear dispersion relation is derived from the momentum and continuity equations, neglecting the self-gravity of the disk.
	www.aas.org /publications/baas/v30n3/dps98/351.htm (190 words)

	Rossby Waves (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Distinct from the familiar ocean waves which are driven by the wind, there is another class of waves which are described as having their origin in the spherical geometry of the Earth.
		Called Rossby waves after the person who described them in the 1930's, they are considered to be major contributers to the large scale circulation of the oceans and atmosphere.
		Rossby waves also occur in the atmosphere and have been more easily observed there in effects like the meandering of the mid-latitude jet stream.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/Waves/rossby.html (152 words)

	EQUATORIAL FORCING OF ROSSBY WAVES IN THE SOUTHEAST PACIFIC OCEAN. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Long baroclinic Rossby waves generated at the western coast of south America are the main mechanism for the westward transfer of coastal perturbations.
		Whereas the variability along the coast is strongly modulated by coastal trapped waves (CTW) remotely forced at the equator, the off-shore region is characterized by westward Rossby wave propagations at time scales varying from semi-annual to interanual, with an amplification of the signal during warm ENSO events.
		Rossby waves were simulated using a reduced- gravity linear model (RWM) forced by wind stress from ERS-1/2 and thermocline depth anomalies at the coast.
	www.iugg.org /iapso/abstracts/GI-01/GI01-19.htm (341 words)

	Introduction to Rossby waves
		Rossby waves, also known as planetary waves as they owe their origin to the shape and rotation of the earth, are one of the most intriguing natural phenomena.
		Rossby waves can intensify the currents, as well as push them off their usual course.
		Given that Rossby waves travel almost zonally, it is possible to observe them by taking zonal (west-east) sections of Sea Surface Height Anomalies from each orbital cycle and piling them up into a longitude-time plot (also known as a Hovmöller diagram).
	www.soc.soton.ac.uk /JRD/SAT/Rossby/Rossbyintro.html (720 words)

	Nonlinear dynamics of Rossby waves (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The vertical structure of Rossby waves on the edge of polar vortices has been examined using an idealised multi-layer model.
		This variation of the wave breaking on the vertical structure of the vortex may be important for understanding the seasonal variation in the evolution of the observed polar vortices.
		In a separate study, Waugh, Polvani, and Plumb (1994), wave propagation and breaking within the tropical troposphere was examined via high-resolution barotropic simulations.
	www.jhu.edu /eps/faculty/waugh/rossbywaves.html (302 words)

	Weather-changing ocean waves charted from space
		Using data gathered by the satellite, scientists tracked the waves as they move through the open ocean and have determined that, at mid-latitudes, the Rossby waves are moving two to three times faster than previously thought, Chelton reports in today's issue of Science magazine.
		Rossby waves are a natural result of the Earth's rotation and a key feature of large-scale ocean circulation.
		Since Rossby waves can alter currents and their corresponding sea surface temperatures, the waves influence the way the oceans release heat to the atmosphere and thus are able to affect weather patterns.
	www.jpl.nasa.gov /releases/96/tprossby.html (585 words)

	Mars Atmosphere: Stationary Rossby Waves in Southern Winter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The data have been filtered to isolate structure that is stationary with respect to the surface at zonal wave number 1 (i.e., 1 cycle per 360 deg of longitude).
		Stationary Rossby waves are excited by atmospheric flow across large-scale zonal variations in surface topography.
		Near the surface, the meridional winds implied by the geopotential field are poleward near 120 deg E longitude and equatorward near 300 deg E. The resulting circulation produces poleward advection of warm air and equatorward advection of cold air.
	nova.stanford.edu /projects/mgs/high/highlight07.html (264 words)

	The Potential of ERS for the Detection of Rossby Waves in the Northeast Atlantic
		Propagating Rossby waves perturb the density structure of the ocean, and produce a SSH signature according to whether the vertical integral of the density perturbation is negative (less dense), leading to increased sea surface height, or positive (more dense) causing reductions.
		As Rossby waves involve changes in the subsurface density field, there may be a manifestation in the Sea Surface Temperature (SST) field, depending on the extent to which surface and subsurface fields are coupled.
		Since Rossby waves propagate mainly zonally it is useful to present SSH gradients in the form of longitude-time plots (detrended in time and space).
	earth.esa.int /workshops/ers97/papers/cipollini (3577 words)

	An impact of the phase of ENSO on the interaction of midlatitude Rossby waves and equatorial waves (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The signature of Rossby waves with both eastward and westward phase speed in midlatitudes and their penetration into the tropics is evident.
		The evidence of midlatitude Rossby waves penetrating into equatorial regions is specially true for the eastward moving waves, as equatorial eastward moving Kelvin waves would not appear in meridional winds.
		The impact of the phase of ENSO on the penetration of extratropical Rossby waves is demonstrated in Fig 3.
	www.met.rdg.ac.uk /~swsyangg/interaction.html (933 words)

	Low-Frequency Equatorial Waves in Vertically Sheared Zonal Flow. Part II: Unstable Waves
		The stability of equatorial Rossby waves in the presences of mean flow vertical shear and moisture convergence-induced heating is investigated with a primitive equation model on an equatorial beta plane.
		Without boundary layer friction the Rossby wave instability does not depend on the sign of the vertical shear, whereas in the presence of the boundary layer, the moist Rossby wave instability is remarkably enhanced (suppressed) by easterly (westerly) vertical shears.
		When the vertical shear is suppressed south of the equator, the unstable Rossby waves are strongly asymmetric with respect to the equator and large perturbations are confined to the northern hemisphere where the vertical shear is prominent.
	www.soest.hawaii.edu /MET/Faculty/bwang/bw/pubs/48.html (1923 words)

	ESCI 343 – Atmospheric Dynamics II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Rossby waves owe their existence to the principle of conservation of potential vorticity.
		The analysis of Rossby waves in a multiple layered fluid is handled by simply substituting the gravity wave speed of the baroclinic mode into equation (4).
		These are Rossby waves that owe their existence to the bottom topography rather than to b, and can occur in the ocean along coastlines.
	www.atmos.millersville.edu /~adecaria/ESCI343/esci343_lesson18_rossby_waves.html (881 words)

	An Impact of the Phase of ENSO on the Interaction of Midlatitude Rossby Waves
		Similar plots for the westward moving waves show generally smaller standard deviation than those of eastward moving waves, which is consistent with the fact that most synoptic systems in midlatitude move eastwards with the ambient westerly flow.
		To eliminate the influence of upper level extratropical Rossby waves, the lower tropospheric meridional wind anomaly v¢ is used to identify the equatorial westward propagating Rossby wave and mixed Rossby-gravity wave (MRG).
		The wave spatial structure is consistent with that of theoretical equatorial waves.
	ugamp.nerc.ac.uk /hot/gy/post.htm (1420 words)

	Ocean Zone - Spring 2000 - Issue 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Named after the Swedish-US meteorologist, Carl-Gustav Rossby (1898-1957), Rossby waves are a special class of planetary wave — waves that owe their existence to the rotation and shape of the Earth - and occur both in the atmosphere and the ocean.
		Oceanic Rossby waves are typically triggered by a disturbance such as a local storm, reversals in coastal currents, or reflection of other kinds of long-wavelength waves.
		Although sparse measurements at sea in the 1970s suggested the presence of oceanic Rossby waves, it was not until the advent of satellite technology that their true glory was revealed.
	www.soton.ac.uk /~pubaffrs/oczone/spr2000/story4.htm (590 words)

	Prime Mission Results_graphics
		Rossby waves always move westward and are caused by the Earth's rotation.
		Rossby waves can take more than 10 years to cross the Pacific at the latitude of Los Angeles, California and more than 30 years at the latitude of Portland, Oregon.
		The leading edge of this wave group has already "bounced off" the coastline, creating Rossby waves whose rising and falling sea levels are marked by solid and dashed lines, respectively.
	topex-www.jpl.nasa.gov /aviso/graphics/general/discover/results/kel_defn.htm (482 words)

	RoundTable1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A: At the western boundary, a westward propagating Rossby wave is reflected as an eastward propagating Kelvin wave and many short Rossby waves.
		The short Rossby waves are quickly damped away from the boundary by frictional processes.
		The situation is different at the eastern boundary, where incoming Kelvin waves are reflected as higher modes of Rossby waves.
	www.gps.caltech.edu /users/kzm/ncar/RoundTable1.html (413 words)

	Hurricanes at Landfall (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The vortex Rossby waves are believed to arise in association with convective bursts and the attendant generation of cyclonic vorticity through buoyancy-induced convergence in the lower troposphere.
		The wave-mean-flow dynamics of transient vortex Rossby waves thus captures the basic spin-up mechanism associated with the convective generation of vertical vorticity near the radius of maximum winds of an incipient TC vortex (PV) monopole.
		These unstable vortex Rossby wave modes, which grow in response to the instability of the PV profile in the eyewall, act to reduce the magnitude of the PV gradients and tend to limit the maximum tangential winds.
	www.asp.ucar.edu /colloquium/1998/montgomery.html (3378 words)

	The delayed oscillator: Evolution of Kelvin and Rossby waves
		At the same time, the Rossby wave continues to propagate slowly to the west becoming visibly distorted by day 100 (associated with the interaction with the basin boundary).
		By day 125 (Figure 7), the Rossby wave has reached the western boundary and is starting to reflect as a same-signed Kelvin wave.
		We now see a time evolution similar to before, with a Kelvin wave propagating eastward along the equator (this time starting from the western boundary) and a Rossby wave propagating westward from the eastern boundary.
	iri.ldeo.columbia.edu /climate/ENSO/theory/evolution.html (385 words)

	wave
		To have a quantitative understanding of the behavior of the waves during El Niño event, we are going to consider a shallow water model, assuming that the thermocline is the interface between the two immiscible layers of fluid (warm surface waters and cold waters in the deep ocean).
		Therefore, the Rossby waves have a westward phase propagation.
		Only the long wave that are nondispersive are important for the oceanic adjustment because the short waves are not significant enough to change the wind conditions.
	orca.rsmas.miami.edu /~melicie/wave1.htm (405 words)

	Nov 11: Rossby waves and westward intensification
		The dynamical reason for this is related to the large scale planetary waves, called Rossby waves, which determine how the subtropical ocean adjusts to variations in wind and buoyancy forcing.
		The essence of the dynamics of Rossby wave propagation (Rossby waves always travel westward) can be captured in a very simple dynamic model, one consisting of a simple 1½ layer ocean.
		To understand the mechanism that gives rise to Rossby waves it is useful to consider an idealized approximation to the oceanic density structure known as the 1½ layer ocean.
	marine.rutgers.edu /dmcs/ms501/2004/Notes/Wilkin20041111.htm (1181 words)

	[No title]
		There is the neighboring topic of 'geostrophic turbulence' which is what happens to Rossby waves when they are get strong and break; or, what happened in the lab when we introduced a couple of baroclinic eddies by injecting dyed fluid in a 2-layer stratification; they interacted, each winding up the pv field of the other.
		As to the wave speed, try the vorticity argument for Rossby waves shown in Pedlosky sec.3.16; as he remarks in the final sentence, the longer wavelengths lead to stronger restoring velocities and hence higher frequency and faster wavespeed.
		THe third figure is a numerical model showing a Rossby wave pressure field develop in the lee of a single mountain (stippled), with westerly winds.
	www.ocean.washington.edu /courses/oc512/homework5-disc2.html (1101 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Long baroclinic Rossby waves are potentially important in the adjustment of the tropical Pacific pycnocline to both annual and interannual wind stress curl fluctuations.
		Evidence for such waves is found in variations of the depth of the 20°C isotherm in the northern tropical Pacific during 1970 through 1987.
		Long upwelling Rossby waves were observed to raise the western Pacific thermocline well outside the equatorial waveguide in the later stages of El Niños, consistent with the simple long-wave model.
	www.pmel.noaa.gov /pubs/1989abs/1113.html (360 words)

	Global Observations of Oceanic Rossby Waves
		The ~5 cm surface height signatures of these Rossby waves are mirrored as thermocline displacements of the opposite sign with amplitudes of ~50 m.
		A westward-propagating Rossby wave trough centered on the equator and extending to midlatitudes in both hemispheres can be seen in the Pacific Ocean in the April 13, 1993 frame.
		The refracted shape that is characteristic of Rossby waves is due to the latitudinal variation of phase speed.
	www.coas.oregonstate.edu /research/po/research/rossby_waves/chelton.html (627 words)

	AVISO Altimetry - Newsletter 6 - THE DYNAMICS OF LOW-FREQUENCY VARIABILITY OF THE LARGE-SCALE OCEAN CIRCULATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Rossby waves are the mechanism for transient adjustment of the ocean to atmospheric forcing.
		The behavior of these waves is qualitatively but not quantitatively consistent with the classical theory for baroclinic Rossby waves.
		In addition to energetic seasonal baroclinic Rossby waves, the 5+ years of T/P data are beginning to reveal smaller-amplitude interannual signals associated with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon.
	www-aviso.cnes.fr /HTML/information/publication/news/news6/chelton_uk.html (1162 words)

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