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Topic: Rostral

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	Brodmann
		Cytoarchitecturally bounded on the rostral and lateral aspects of the hemisphere by the frontopolar area 10, the orbital area 47, and the triangular area 45; on the medial surface it is bounded dorsally by the area 12 and caudally by the subgenual area 25.
		Cytoarchitecturally bounded rostrally by the ventral anterior cingulate area 24, ventrally by the ventral posterior cingulate area 23, dorsally by the gigantopyramidal area 4 and preparietal area 5 and caudally by the superior parietal area 7.
		Its rostral and caudal borders are approximated by the anterior subcentral sulcus and the posterior subcentral sulcus respectively.
	spot.colorado.edu /~dubin/talks/brodmann/neuronames.html (2127 words)

	Big Brook sawfish page
		The blades of the rostral spines are long and flattened and are very similar in shape to the main cusp of a sharks tooth.
		These oral teeth are rarer than the rostral spines, a fact related to their very small size, around 5mm (about.18 in.) long.
		The rostral spines are not curved and lack the striations of the goblin but they have a lens shaped cross section that differentiates it from the porbeagles.
	njfossils.net /Sawfish.html (582 words)

	An anatomic atlas of the medulla oblongata of the adult goat -- Dean et al. 87 (3): 1220 -- Journal of Applied ...
		2) to 12 mm rostral to obex (+12).
		2.00), at obex (0.0), and at 2.0 mm rostral (+2.0) to obex.
		The FN extended from 5.0 to 6.0 mm rostral to obex to >12 mm rostral to obex (+6.0 to +12.0).
	jap.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/87/3/1220 (4571 words)

	Modular Organization of Turtle Spinal Interneurons during Normal and Deletion Fictive Rostral Scratching -- Stein and ...
		Fictive rostral scratching was evoked by mechanical stimulation of the rostral-scratch receptive field located on the shell bridge in the midbody region of the turtle.
		Stein PSG, McCullough ML, Currie SN (1998a) Reconstruction of flexor/extensor alternation during fictive rostral scratching by two-site stimulation in the spinal turtle with a transverse spinal hemisection.
		Tresch MC, Kiehn O (1999) Coding of locomotor phase in populations of neurons in rostral and caudal segments of the neonatal rat lumbar spinal cord.
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/22/15/6800 (6882 words)

	Scratch-Swim Hybrids in the Spinal Turtle: Blending of Rostral Scratch and Forward Swim -- Earhart and Stein 83 (1): ...
		Both the rostral scratch and the forward swim have behavioral events during which force is exerted against a substrate.
		The rostral scratch cycles were characterized by greater hip flexion and less hip extension than the forward swim cycles.
		Rostral scratch and forward swim are both rhythmic behaviors in which each cycle can be represented by a sequence of stages.
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/83/1/156 (6620 words)

	Bathynotidae
		There is certainly no clear indication of a suture between the purported rostral remnant and the hypostome proper, and even so, in nearly all other trilobites with small rostral remnants, the typical pattern is for the sutures to diverge forwards, rather than converge toward an apex.
		The hypostome is attached to the rostral plate by a functional transverse suture.
		As is apparent, the rostral plate (pink) is fused with the hypostome (orange), so that the median body marks the border between the hypostome and the rostral plate (dotted red line).
	www.trilobites.info /bathynotidae.htm (1466 words)

	Radiographic Anatomy of the Maxillary Sinuses (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The red lines denote the rostral aspects of the rostral maxillary sinuses; the blue arrows indicate the septae that separate the rostral and caudal maxillary sinuses.
		In the horse the rostral and caudal compartments of the maxillary sinus share a slit-like communication with the middle meatus of the nasal cavity but are otherwise completely divided by the septum.
		The opacity extends from the region of the ethmoid turbinates (red arrows) to the rostral aspect of the nasal cavity (yellow arrows).
	www.upei.ca /~vca341/equinehead/max.html (918 words)

	Bilateral cerebellar ataxia as the sole manifestation of a unilateral rostral pontine tegmental infarct -- Lee and Cho ...
		Bilateral cerebellar ataxia as the sole manifestation of a unilateral rostral pontine tegmental infarct -- Lee and Cho 74 (10): 1445 -- Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry
		Bilateral cerebellar ataxia as the sole manifestation of a unilateral rostral pontine tegmental infarct
		ataxia as the sole manifestation of rostral pontine tegmental
	jnnp.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/74/10/1445 (631 words)

	[No title]
		Coronoid process configuration: apex only slightly expanded rostrally, surangular large and forms much of caudal margin of coronoid process (0); dentary forms nearly all of greatly rostrocaudally expanded apex, surangular reduced to thin sliver along caudal margin and does not reach to the distal end of the coronoid process (1).
		Premaxillary rostral bill margin shape: horseshoe-shaped, forms a continuous semicircle that curves smoothly to postoral constriction (0); broadly arcuate across rostral margin, constricts abruptly behind the oral margin (1).
		Maxilla, rostrodorsal process: has a separate rostral process that extends medial to the caudoventral process of premaxilla to form part of medial floor of external naris (0); rostral process absent, rostrodorsal margin of maxilla forms a sloping shelf that underlies the premaxilla (1).
	www.ucpress.edu /books/pages/2601001/Dino20.1HadrosaurDesc.doc (2451 words)

	Publications List for R.A.L. Dampney
		Coleman, M.J. and Dampney, R.A.L. Sympathoinhibition evoked from caudal midline medulla is mediated by GABA receptors in rostral VLM.
		Snowball, R.K., Dampney, R.A.L. and Lumb, B.M. Responses of neurones in the medullary raphe nuclei to inputs from visceral nociceptors and the ventrolateral periaqueductal grey in the rat.
		Coleman, M.J. and Dampney, R.A.L. Depressor response from the caudal midline medulla is mediated by a GABAergic synapse in the rostral ventrolateral medulla.
	www.physiol.usyd.edu.au /publications/lists/dampney.html (2237 words)

	British Journal of Pharmacology - Pressor response to pulsatile compression of the rostral ventrolateral medulla ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Pressor response to pulsatile compression of the rostral ventrolateral medulla mediated by nitric oxide and c-fos expression
		The rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) contains neurons that are the major tonic source of supraspinal sympathoexcitatory outflow, and thus this area is considered to be an important center for the regulation of sympathetic and cardiovascular activities (Dampney et al., 1982).
		In all rats, Evans blue was confirmed to be restricted to areas ventral to the nucleus ambiguus, caudal to the facial nucleus, and rostral to the rostral end of the lateral reticular nucleus, comparable to the RVLM as shown in our previous report (Morimoto et al., 1999).
	www.nature.com /bjp/journal/v129/n5/full/0703121a.html (4420 words)

	Intramedullary Projections of the Rostral Nucleus of the Solitary Tract in the Rat: Gustatory Influences on Autonomic ...
		input from the rostral nucleus of the solitary tract.
		Becker, D.C. Efferent projections of electrophysiologically identified regions of the rostral nucleus of the solitary tract in the rat.
		Beckman, M.E. and Whitehead, M.C. Intramedullary connections of the rostral nucleus of the solitary tract in the hamster.
	chemse.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/24/6/655 (4186 words)

	Respiratory changes induced by kainic acid lesions in rostral ventral respiratory group of rabbits -- Mutolo et al. 283 ...
		The rostral and caudal boundaries of the pre-BötC are not defined
		from the iVRG (from 0.7 caudal to 2.0 mm rostral to the obex,
		VRG, from ~1.0 to ~4.5 mm rostral to the obex, i.e., in the BötC,
	ajpregu.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/283/1/R227 (8977 words)

	Timing of Knee-Related Spinal Neurons During Fictive Rostral Scratching in the Turtle -- Stein and Daniels-McQueen 90 ...
		rostral scratching in the D3-end preparation are shown in Fig.
		B: plot of biarticular knee-extensor start-phase as a function of monoarticular knee-extensor start-phase for 184 cycles of normal fictive rostral scratching in the D3-end preparation.
		Reconstruction of flexor/extensor alternation during fictive rostral scratching by two-site stimulation in the spinal turtle with a transverse spinal hemisection.
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/90/6/3585 (4430 words)

	Inhibition of baroreflex vagal bradycardia by activation of the rostral ventrolateral medulla in rats -- Nosaka et al. ...
		Inhibition of baroreflex vagal bradycardia by activation of the rostral ventrolateral medulla in rats -- Nosaka et al.
		rostral to the calamus (26), glutamate injected in the coordinates
		Morphology of rostral medullary neurons with intrinsic pacemaker activity in the rat.
	ajpheart.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/279/3/H1239 (4514 words)

	Influence of rostral ventrolateral medulla on renal sympathetic baroreflex in conscious rabbits -- Mayorov and Head 280 ...
		rostral pole of the facial nucleus was slide mounted and examined
		Hypotensive effects of lesions of the rostral ventrolateral medulla in rats are anesthetic-dependent.
		Lesions of epinephrine neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla abolish the vasodepressor components of baroreflex and cardiopulmonary reflex.
	ajpregu.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/280/2/R577 (7270 words)

	Pristiophoriformes: Sawsharks
		A representative pristiophoroid, the Common Sawshark (Pristiophorus cirratus), showing the rostral saw, long nasal barbels, gill slits on the side of the head, and lack of an anal fin that characterizes the group.
		The rostral teeth of sawsharks are replaced when broken or lost, unlike those of sawfishes (in which damaged or missing rostral teeth are not replaced).
		Litters of 7 to 17 large pups - 11 to 14 inches (28 to 35 centimetres) long - are born with the long rostral teeth folded back, possibly preventing injury to the mother; smaller rostral teeth erupt between the larger ones after birth.
	elasmo-research.org /education/shark_profiles/pristiophoriformes.htm (517 words)

	Chordin and noggin promote organizing centers of forebrain development in the mouse -- Anderson et al. 129 (21): 4975 ...
		the rostral mesendoderm and the rostral ventral neural midline
		Protein-soaked beads (represented by asterisks) were placed between rostral neural folds of five- to seven-somite wild-type cephalic explants in type 1 explants (A-C) and on the midline in type 2 explants (D).
		the ANR and rostral ventral neural midline for Fgf8 and Shh
	dev.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/129/21/4975 (7386 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Abduction paresis with rostral pontine and/or mesencephalic lesions: Pseudoabducens palsy ...
		This corresponds to the rostral pons and mesencephalon between the level of the 5th nerve entry zone and the 3rd nerve nucleus level.
		Lesions involving rostral parts of the central MassR arc may extend beyond this level reaching the meso-diencephalic junction thereby involving the region of the interstitial nucleus of Cajal.
		Monocular elevation paresis and abduction paresis in the same eye may also be caused by a single ipsilateral midbrain lesion involving the probably inhibitory connection and the intramesencephalic 3rd nerve, as monocular elevation paresis may also be caused by intra-axial 3rd nerve lesions [93].
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2377/1/4 (4940 words)

	Misrouting of mitral cell progenitors in the Pax6/small eyerat telencephalon -- Nomura and Osumi 131 (4): 787 -- ...
		In the wild type, the majority of labeled cells are distributed at the rostral part of the telencephalon (C).
		Mitral cells are derived from the rostral part of the wild-type telencephalon.
		The rostral part of the telencephalon of donor embryos was isolated, and neuroepithelial cells dissociated with enzymes and transplanted into the rostral part of the host telencephalon.
	dev.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/131/4/787 (5980 words)

	A genetic risk factor for mouse neural tube defects: defining the embryonic basis -- Fleming and Copp 9 (4): 575 -- ...
		is at the rostral extremity of the neural plate (closure 3).
		The rostral propagation of closure 2 meets the caudal spread from closure 3 (initiated at the rostral extremity of the neural plate), with completion of closure at the anterior neuropore (light shading).
		A rostral closure 2 tends to destabilize elevation and apposition of the MB neural folds, increasing the chance of failure of closure, in particular in the presence of a genetic influence such homozygosity for the Sp
	hmg.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/9/4/575 (4828 words)

	FIGIS - FAO/SIDP Species Identification Sheet: Pristiophorus nudipinnis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Bases of rostral barbels about 1.4 to 1.5 times closer to mouth than rostral tip; distance from rostral barbels to nostrils about equal to distance from nostrils to rear corners of mouth.
		About 13 large rostral teeth on each side of rostrum in front of rostral barbels, 6 behind them.
		However, McCulloch's sawshark and another iuvenile nudipinnis of similar size and rostral teeth examined by me in the Australian Museum (Sydney, AMS I 21303-001) are considerably larger (44.5 to 44.6 cm long) than a newborn specimen of apparent nudipinnis (SU 25492, 27.5 cm total length) from Australia which has owenii-like even rostral teeth.
	www.fao.org /figis/servlet/species?fid=14566 (513 words)

	The Stock Exchange and Rostral Columns in St. Petersburg, Russia
		Very early in the history of St. Petersburg the Strelka (spit) of the Vasilievsky Island, the largest island in the Neva delta, was intended to become the heart of downtown St Petersburg.
		The imposing white colonnaded building of the Stock Exchange became its focal point, and was flanked by two Rostral Columns.
		The two Rostral Columns, studded with ships' prows, served as oil-fired navigation beacons in the 1800s (on some public holidays gas torches are still lit on them).
	www.saint-petersburg.com /virtual-tour/stock.asp (300 words)

	Effects of Pharyngeal Muscle Activation on Airway Size and Configuration -- KUNA 164 (7): 1236 -- American Journal of ...
		The tongue is rostral to the epiglottis and is identified by the papillary structures on its surface.
		Mean ± SD of percent change in area (open bars), and maximum anteroposterior (slanted bars) and lateral (hatched bars) diameters in the rostral oropharynx with nerve stimulation in the six animals.
		branch of the vagus caused rostral movement of the rim of the
	ajrccm.atsjournals.org /cgi/content/full/164/7/1236 (4261 words)

	Rostral anterior cingulate cortex dysfunction during error processing in schizophrenia -- Laurens et al. 126 (3): 610 ...
		Rostral anterior cingulate cortex dysfunction during error processing in schizophrenia -- Laurens et al.
		Rostral anterior cingulate cortex dysfunction during error processing in schizophrenia
		for the hypothesis that the error-related abnormality in rostral
	brain.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/126/3/610 (6719 words)

	Abdallah HAYAR
		GABAergic and noradrenergic responses in silent and spontaneously active neurons of the rat rostral ventrolateral medulla in vitro.
		Hayar A, Guyenet P (1999) Alpha2-Adrenoceptor-mediated presynaptic inhibition in bulbospinal neurons of rostral ventrolateral medulla.
		Hayar A, Piguet P, Poulter MO, Feltz P. Monophasic and multiphasic GABA responses in neurons of the rat rostral ventrolateral medulla in vitro.
	hayar.net (1478 words)

	HSP90{alpha}, HSP90{beta}, and p53 Expression following in Vitro Hyperthermia Exposure in Gestation Day 10 Rat Embryos ...
		Immunolocalization of p53 in the rostral region of the control (37°C) and heat (42°C) exposed GD 10 rat embryos cultured for 3 h after treatment at 37°C in vitro.
		neuroepithelium, expression in the rostral and mid regions was
		induced in the optic vesicle, rostral, and mid brain.
	toxsci.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/69/1/183 (4342 words)

	Reconstruction of Flexor/Extensor Alternation during Fictive Rostral Scratching by Two-Site Stimulation in the Spinal ...
		Reconstruction of Flexor/Extensor Alternation during Fictive Rostral Scratching by Two-Site Stimulation in the Spinal Turtle with a Transverse Spinal Hemisection -- Stein et al.
		Cutaneous afferents from rostral scratch receptive fields enter the spinal cord via the D3-D6 dorsal roots.
		Reconstructed normal rostral scratching patterns of rhythmic alternation between hip flexors and hip extensors can be produced in the D6-D7 hemisection preparation in response to stimulation of one site in the ipsilateral rostral and the other site in a different scratch receptive field
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/18/1/467 (8257 words)

	Autoregulation of Serotonin Neurons: Role in Antidepressant Drug Action -- Piñeyro and Blier 51 (3): 533 -- ...
		Rostrally, the dorsal raphe is bound by the Edingher
		In four of the five above-mentioned studies, the number of 5-HT fibers impinging on the raphe nuclei was found to be scarce.
		The rostral 5-HT nuclei are the main source of 5-HT fibers projecting to telencephalon and diencephalon (Fuxe, 1965
	pharmrev.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/51/3/533 (7397 words)

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