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Topic: Rotating black hole

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	black hole
		Black holes began to take on their modern form in 1916 when the German astronomer Karl Schwarzschild (1873-1916) used Einstein's general theory of relativity to find out what would happen if all the mass of an object were squeezed down to a dimensionless point – a singularity.
		Supermassive fl holes are known almost certainly to exist at the center of many large galaxies, and to be the ultimate source of energy behind the phenomenon of the active galactic nucleus.
		For a non-rotating fl hole, the event horizon is a spherical surface, with a radius equal to the Schwarzschild radius, centered on the singularity at the fl hole's heart.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/B/blackhole.html (1232 words)

	Blackhole...Astroppo.com
		Black holes as they are most widely understood require general relativity's concept of a curved spacetime, since their most striking properties rely on a distortion of the geometry of the space surrounding them.
		Supermassive fl holes containing millions to billions of solar masses could also form wherever a large number of stars are packed in a relatively small region of space, or by large amounts of mass falling into a "seed" fl hole, or by repeated fusion of smaller fl holes.
		This medium fl hole of 1,300 solar masses is within a cluster of seven stars, possibly the remnant of a massive star cluster that has been stripped down by the Galactic Centre.This observation may add support to the idea that supermassive fl holes grow by absorbing nearby smaller fl holes and stars.
	www.astroppo.com /blackholes.html (2840 words)

	Black hole
		Black holes as they are most widely understood require general relativity's concept of a curved spacetime, since their most striking properties rely on a distortion of the geometry of the space surrounding them.
		Supermassive fl holes containing millions to billions of solar masses could also form wherever a large number of stars are packed in a relatively small region of space, or by large amounts of mass falling into a "seed" fl hole, or by repeated fusion of smaller fl holes.
		Though the details are still not clear, it seems that the growth of the fl hole is intimately related to the growth of the spheroidal component — an elliptical galaxy, or the bulge of a spiral galaxy — in which it lives.
	www.askfactmaster.com /Black_hole (3676 words)

	Gothos: Jillian's Guide to Black Holes
		For a slowly rotating fl hole the two are so close to one another (on the equatorial plane, remember) that it's almost like the photon sphere of a non-rotating fl hole.
		The faster the fl hole rotates, the further apart the two photon spheres are.
		The two event horizons of the rotating fl hole are pretty much the same as a charged fl hole's event horizons: two radii where a distant observer would say time seems to stop.
	www.gothosenterprises.com /black_holes/rotating_black_holes.html (1890 words)

	Black Holes - Crystalinks
		Black holes require the general relativistic concept of a curved spacetime: their most striking properties rely on a distortion of the geometry of the space surrounding them.
		The "surface" of a fl hole is the so-called event horizon, an imaginary surface surrounding the mass of the fl hole.
		Using the first law of fl hole mechanics, it follows that the entropy of a fl hole is one quarter of the area of the horizon.
	www.crystalinks.com /black_holes.html (3279 words)

	Rotating black hole - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A rotating fl hole (Kerr fl hole or Kerr-Newman fl hole) is a fl hole that possesses angular momentum.
		Rotating fl holes are thought to be formed in the gravitational collapse of a massive rotating star or from the collapse of a collection of stars with an average non-zero angular momentum.
		A fl hole in general is surrounded by a spherical surface, the event horizon situated at the Schwarzschild radius, where the escape velocity is equal to the velocity of light.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Rotating_black_hole (1156 words)

	Cornell News: Black hole producing shock waves
		The discovery that a fl hole is producing explosive "shock fronts," says Eikenberry, might be a clue to the behavior of much more massive, extra-galactic fl holes, called quasars, where eruptions seem to occur on scales of years to decades.
		A fl hole is a massive collapsed star of such density that its intense gravitational pull prevents even light from escaping.
		The innermost accretion disk is somehow being affected by the fl hole and that causes part of the disk to be ejected in the form of a jet and part of it to fall in," he says.
	www.news.cornell.edu /releases/Jan00/Eikenberry.blackholes.deb.html (728 words)

	Black Holes and Electromagnetism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Black hole electrodynamics is the theory of electrodynamics outside a fl hole.
		Black hole electrodynamics can be very trivial if you consider just a fl hole described by the three usual parameters: mass, electric charge and angular momentum.
		The accretion disk of a rotating fl hole is by the fl hole driven into the equatorial plane of the rotation.
	www.astro.ku.dk /RelViz/ostman/bhe.html (1245 words)

	black hole Comparison Table (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Black hole endowed with the maximal amount of force charge possible for a given total mass.
		Utilized in a theoretical model for quasars and active galactic nuclei, according to which the energy source is due to infall (and resultant heating) of gas and stars onto a supermassive central fl hole.
		In string theory, a particular kind of fl hole that may have large mass initially, but that becomes ever lighter as a piece of the Calabi-Yau portion of space shrinks.
	www.site.uottawa.ca:4321 /astronomy/blackhole_table.html (313 words)

	Black Hole \| World of Scientific Discovery
		Black holes are among the strangest and most mysterious objects in the cosmos.
		Other abnormal galaxies are also posited to have fl holes at their cores; a well-known example is the giant elliptical galaxy M87, in the Virgo galaxy cluster, which has an enormous jet of material being ejected from its core.
		Binaries with fl holes should be observable by the X-rays emitted from the heated gas being drawn into the hole from the companion star, but since most of this gas simply dissapears through the event horizon, the X-radiation should be less intense than in a system containing a neutron star.
	www.bookrags.com /research/black-hole-wsd (1056 words)

	Black Holes
		The event horizon is the point outside the fl hole where the gravitational attraction becomes so strong that the escape velocity (the velocity at which an object would have to go to escape the gravitational field) equals the speed of light.
		Black holes almost certainly exist, and one of their basic properties is that they trap light.
		In fact, the theoretical prediction of fl holes is due to the General Theory of Relativity, which is built on the principle that the speed of light in a vacuum is constant.
	csep10.phys.utk.edu /astr162/lect/blackhole/blackhole.html (1902 words)

	Formation of a Black Hole
		A nonspinning, uncharged fl hole is known as a Swarzschild fl hole.
		However as he gets closer to the fl hole, he feels a variation of gravitational pull between his head and his feet if either his head or his feet are closer to the fl hole.
		A rotating fl hole may be a passage to another region in space, another time, or a parallel universe.
	www.csvrgs.k12.va.us /Courses/IntroTech/pages/blackholes.html (2011 words)

	Black Holes and Quasars
		In theory, one way to detect a fl hole is by its effect on light; light rays passing near the hole are deflected by its gravity.
		It appears that the fl holes at the centers of galaxies are usually about 0.1% of the stellar mass of the bulge (counting elliptical galaxies as all bulge).
		A fl hole which is actively capturing matter is much easier to detect; the gas spiraling in toward the hole heats up and emits intense light, while high-speed jets may extend along the axis of a rotating hole.
	www.ifa.hawaii.edu /~barnes/ast110_06/bhaq.html (1260 words)

	Frequently Asked Questions About Black Holes
		If you were to enter a fl hole, you would find you watch ticking along at the same rate as it always had (assuming both you and the watch survived the passage into the fl hole).
		In the quasar case, a supermassive fl hole (a billion solar masses or so) lies at the center of a galaxy, and gas near the fl hole forms an accretion disk around the hole; again X-rays, and other forms of light, are the result.
		So, even if all of the objects in the universe were to end up in fl holes, after a long, long time, the holes would gradually lose their matter, and the matter would disperse througout the universe (as a thin gas of particles).
	www.phys.vt.edu /~jhs/faq/blackholes.html (3432 words)

	Black Holes
		Black holes are so strange, that for a long time they were thought to be just a theoretical curiosity with no relevance to our world.
		After matter has fallen into a fl hole, from the point of view of an observer far from the event horizon, all traces of its former complexity is lost.
		Because of the rotation the singularity at the center of a Kerr fl hole is a ring, rather than a point.
	www.physics.fsu.edu /courses/spring99/ast1002h/blackholes/black.htm (1185 words)

	Black Hole Interior
		The recent discovery of a fl hole at the core of an active galactic nucleus by the Hubble Space Telescope confirms that fl holes are in fact real astrophysical objects.
		A fl hole is the result of total gravitational collapse of a star.
		It was a also found that the mass of the fl hole measured near the Cauchy horizon diverges exponentially as the Cauchy horizon is approached.
	uncletaz.com /library/scimath/bhint.html (855 words)

	What Happens After A Black Hole Forms? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		A rotating, spherical fl hole, predicted in 1964 by the New Zealand mathematician Roy Kerr.
		This simplicity of fl holes is summed up in the saying "fl holes have no hair," meaning that, apart from its mass and momentum, there is no other characteristic (or "hair") that a fl hole can exhibit.
		When a "real" fl hole forms from, say, the collapse of a very mass ive star, or when a fl hole is disturbed by, say, another fl hole spiralling into it, the resulting dynamics cause disturbances in spacetime that should lead to the generation of gravitational waves.
	archive.ncsa.uiuc.edu /Cyberia/NumRel/BlackHoleEvolution.html (409 words)

	Adler Planetarium / CyberSpace / Black Holes
		The diameter of the event horizon for a stellar fl hole depends on the mass an ranges from 11 miles for a 3 solar mass fl hole to 180 miles for one of 50 solar masses.
		The trouble is that Rotating Kerr fl holes correspond to fl holes that have been around since the beginning of the universe (formed in the Big Bang), not fl holes that are created by stellar collapse.
		As gas and dust is accreted into the fl hole it is compressed by the tremendous gravitational forces and heated by friction.
	www.adlerplanetarium.org /cyberspace/black_holes (3505 words)

	SPACE.com -- Twisted Space: Computer Simulates Black Hole Effects
		Rotating space around a fl hole twists up the magnetic field (red tubes) in plasma falling toward the fl hole (fl sphere).
		Plasma falls slowly toward the fl hole (a), generating a magnetic field, shown by the white lines.
		But the rotating hole twists space and ejects electromagnetic power along the north and south poles of the fl hole (red and white).
	www.space.com /scienceastronomy/astronomy/blackhole_sim_020130.html (537 words)

	Black hole - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Intermediate-mass fl holes have been proposed as a possible power source for ultra-luminous X ray sources, and in 2004 detection was claimed of an intermediate-mass fl hole orbiting the Sagittarius A* supermassive fl hole candidate at the core of the Milky Way galaxy.
		Although the details are still not clear, it seems that the growth of the fl hole is intimately related to the growth of the spheroidal component — an elliptical galaxy, or the bulge of a spiral galaxy — in which it lives.
		As the object falls into the fl hole, it appears redder and dimmer to the distant observer, due to the extreme gravitational red shift caused by the gravity of the fl hole.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Black_hole (5574 words)

	Rotating Black Hole
		The structure of a rotating fl hole is a bit different from that of a stationary fl hole.
		Effectively, the event horizon of a rotating fl hole is smaller than the event horizon of an otherwise identical but non-rotating one.
		In a rotating fl hole, the ergosphere is associated with the stationary limit, the location at which space-time is flowing at the speed of light, making stationary particles that would be travelling at the speed of light.
	astrosun.tn.cornell.edu /academics/courses/astro201/ergosphere.htm (141 words)

	Quasars: a supermassive rotating toroidal black hole interpretation
		Rotational energy may be extracted from the hole by this technique which is ejected in the form of radiation and matter travelling at high velocity along the hole's spin axis.
		Parallels between rotating TBH solutions and the Kerr solutions for spinning spheroidal holes may be drawn, for instance both have ergoregions external to their event horizons and the maximum angular momentum of each is bounded for a given mass.
		The maximal rotation rate will not be achieved in practice because the BH is able to reduce its rotation rate by several methods which are relevant to jet formation and several theoretical reasons such as the fact that the internal singularity would become naked, even as viewed from infinity.
	website.lineone.net /~torus/quasar/QSOweb1.htm (14125 words)

	Surface plasmon toy model of a rotating black hole
		Thus, the droplet behaves as a fl hole for SPs, and the line near the droplet boundary where the SP resonance conditions are satisfied plays the role of the event horizon for SPs.
		If we forget about the language of `fl holes' and `event horizons' for a moment, the SP optics phenomenon represented in figure 3(b) remains a potentially very interesting effect in SP optics.
		There exists a spherical event horizon similar to the case of a non-rotating fl hole, and there is a so-called ergosphere [9] just outside the fl hole event horizon, which corresponds to the area of space where every particle must rotate in the direction of the fl hole rotation.
	www.iop.org /EJ/S/UNREG/xKWjKpAZOcDVwtxzLVRd4Q/article/1367-2630/5/1/147/njp3_1_147.html (2849 words)

	Howstuffworks "How Black Holes Work"
		The Kerr fl hole, which is probably the most common form in nature, rotates because the star from which it was formed was rotating.
		Artist concept of a fl hole and its surroundings: The flened circle is the event horizon and the egg-shaped region is the ergosphere.
		If a fl hole has a companion (another star or disk of material), it is possible to measure the radius of rotation or speed of orbit of the material around the unseen fl hole.
	science.howstuffworks.com /black-hole2.htm (347 words)

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