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Topic: Rotherhithe Tunnel

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	TUNNEL - LoveToKnow Article on TUNNEL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		As instances of ancient tunnels through soft ground and requiring masonry arching, reference may be made to the vaulted drain under the south-east palace of Nimrod and to the brick arched tunnel, 12 ft. high and 15 ft. wide, under the Euphrates.
		The pair of tunnels for this railway from near the Monuniesit to Stockwell, from 10 ft. 2 in.
		This tunnel is one of fiftytwo single-line tunnels, with a gradient of I in 40, on the main line between Florence and Bologna, built by Thomas Brassey.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /T/TU/TUNNEL.htm (7096 words)

	Rotherhithe - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Rotherhithe is a peninsula on the south bank of the Thames in east London in the London Borough of Southwark, facing Wapping and the Isle of Dogs on the north bank.
		Because much of Rotherhithe was covered by the now-defunct Surrey Commercial Docks, the district is often referred to as Surrey Docks or (since the late 1980s) Surrey Quays, though the latter name tends to be used more for the southern half of the peninsula.
		The Thames Tunnel to Wapping was the first underwater tunnel in the world, built by the Brunels as a pedestrian tunnel.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Rotherhithe (607 words)

	burrow - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about burrow (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Large-section tunnels are often driven in two stages; a pilot heading is excavated in advance which is afterwards enlarged to the full section of the main tunnel.
		The various shots in the tunnel face, constituting the complete round, explode either instantaneously or with a time lag of 2, 3, or 4 seconds according to their position in the rock face.
		Bentonite slurry under pressure is being used to drive sewer tunnels in Hamburg, West Germany, and Warrington, Cheshire; this new development ensures the stability of the ground about to be excavated, and provides lubrication to help with pushing the tunnelling mole forwards.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /burrow (1029 words)

	Rotherhithe Tunnel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Rotherhithe entrance of the Rotherhithe Tunnel, 1909
		It connects Limehouse in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets north of the river to Rotherhithe in the London Borough of Southwark south of the river.
		The tunnel was originally designed to serve foot and horse-drawn traffic passing between the docks on either side of the river.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Rotherhithe_Tunnel (448 words)

	Rotherhithe Tunnel - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation Rotherhithe Tunnel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The entrance arches standing at the entrances of the tunnel are in fact the cutting edges of the original tunnelling shields used by Fitzmaurice.
		The Rotherhithe Tunnel consists of a single bore 4,860 feet (1,481 m) long, carrying a two-lane carriageway 48 feet (14.5 m) below the high-water level of the Thames.
		Cyclists may use the tunnel, although it is not the safest option for crossing the River Thames.
	www.encyclopedia-glossary.com /en/Rotherhithe-Tunnel.html (475 words)

	rotherhithe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Because much of Rotherhithe was covered by the now-defunct Surrey Commercial Docks, the district is often referred to as Surrey Docks or (since the late 1980s) Surrey Quays.
		The Thames Tunnel to Wapping was the first underwater tunnel in the world.
		It was built by the Brunels as a pedestrian tunnel and is now occupied by the East London Line of the London Underground.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /rotherhithe.html (399 words)

	Transport for London - Rotherhithe Tunnel 48 hour Closure - Transport for London
		Rotherhithe Tunnel will be receiving a new independent 11,000 volt supply with the old 415 volt supply being removed.
		Now that the tunnel is undergoing major upgrades in plant the present system is being stretched and will not be able to cope in the near future with these demands.
		To bring the tunnel in line with other major road tunnels having their own independent electricity supplies it was essential that the present system be decommissioned.
	www.londontransport.co.uk /tfl/press-centre/press-releases/press-releases-content.asp?prID=344 (382 words)

	Rotherhithe Tunnel -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Rotherhithe Tunnel is a road tunnel crossing beneath the (The longest river in England; flows eastward through London to the North Sea) River Thames in East (The capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center) London.
		The tunnel was originally designed to serve foot and horse-drawn traffic passing between the (Any of certain coarse weedy plants with long taproots, sometimes used as table greens or in folk medicine) docks on either side of the river.
		The (Regulation establishing the top speed permitted on a given road) speed limit of 20 (The ratio of the distance traveled (in miles) to the time spent traveling (in hours)) miles per hour is enforced with (Click link for more info and facts about speed camera) speed cameras but is frequently exceeded.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/r/ro/rotherhithe_tunnel.htm (500 words)

	ipedia.com: Greenwich foot tunnel Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Greenwich foot tunnel is a pedestrian tunnel crossing beneath the River Thames in east London, linking the London Borough of Greenwich to the south with the London Borough of Tower Hamlets to the...
		The Greenwich foot tunnel is a pedestrian tunnel crossing beneath the River Thames in east London, linking the London Borough of Greenwich to the south with the London Borough of Tower Hamlets to the north.
		The tunnel is a convenient link between Greenwich town centre - the entrance is close to the preserved tea clipper Cutty Sark - and Island Gardens, a park with excellent views across the river to the former Greenwich Hospital, the Queen's House and the Royal Greenwich Observatory.
	www.ipedia.com /greenwich_foot_tunnel.html (354 words)

	tunnelbuilder.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The other tunnels to be driven with traditional means will be excavated with a hydraulic hammer except the Castello tunnel which, because it crosses entirely a clayish massif, will be dug with a ripper mounted on an excavator to get a better profile of the tunnel contour.
		Tunnelling in ruban area by closed face EPB shields or mixshields, in cohesive on non-cohesive soils, at varriable depths of 13 to 23 m.
		Tunnelling is finished on all soft ground sections (Gjuch, Diebis and Juchegg, 2 x 860 m in all) and the Eichholz molasse portion (2 x 500 m).
	www.tunnelbuilder.net /frmain.php (9762 words)

	Rotherhithe & Surrey Quays, SE16
		Rotherhithe and the Docks have the highest density of cycle lanes in the borough, with notable routes including Rotherhithe Street, the Albion Channel, the ecological park and Russia Dock woodland, and Greenland Dock.
		Rotherhithe is part of the North Southwark and Bermondsey constituency which (like most of the rest of the UK) saw a swing to Labour in the May 1997 General Election, though with a swing in the opposite direction in 2001.
		Rotherhithe Tunnel to Limehouse for motor traffic, opened by the Prince of Wales and Richard Atkinson Robinson, Chairman of the London County Council.
	www.se16.btinternet.co.uk (4079 words)

	Victorian London - Thames - Tunnels - Thames Tunnel
		The spot between Rotherhithe and Wapping selected is, perhaps, the only one between London Bridge and Greenwich where such a roadway could have been attempted without interfering essentially with some of the great mercantile establishments on both sides of the I river.
		At the Rotherhithe shaft two marquees were erected, flags were hoisted, bells were rung, and the entire scene was a demonstration of triumph.
		The approach to the entrance of the tunnel is by a spacious flight of steps, of very gradual descent; and the general effect of these sub-aqueous roads, when viewed from the end, the whole being brilliantly lighted with gas, is imposing in the extreme.
	www.victorianlondon.org /thames/thamestunnel.htm (2329 words)

	Thames Tunnel -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Drilled from Rotherhithe (in the borough of Southwark) to Wapping (now in Tower Hamlets), it was the first subaqueous tunnel in the world and was for many years the largest soft-ground tunnel.
		Tunneling under rivers was considered impossible until the protective shield was developed in England by Marc Brunel, a French émigré engineer.
		The tunnel was of horseshoe section 22 by 37 feet and brick-lined.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9071921 (805 words)

	Transport for London - Rotherhithe Tunnel to close on Tuesday nights - Transport for London
		The Rotherhithe tunnel will close for maintenance on Tuesday nights, as well as the usual Monday nights, from 9th May until the end of March 2006.
		The tunnel is closed every Monday night routinely to carry out regular maintenance operations which include testing emergency equipment, changing lighting units, cleaning the tunnel lining, sweeping the carriageway and footways, structural inspections and emergency repairs.
		Rotherhithe Tunnel is 1.481km long and opened to traffic in 1908.
	www.londontransport.co.uk /tfl/press-centre/press-releases/press-releases-content.asp?prID=92 (185 words)

	Route 395
		Although on the north side the route ran no further than the tunnel mouth — thus not linking with the north London route network — the south end was later extended to serve the length of Rotherhithe Street, eventually making it right round the peninsula to loop back onto itself at the south tunnel entrance.
		However, in order to maintain a service through the Rotherhithe Tunnel, it was decided to introduce a new route, numbered 395, which would run from Surrey Quays via some back streets to Rotherhithe and then through the tunnel to terminate at Limehouse, rather as the old 82 had done.
		The Rotherhithe Tunnel is quite different to the Blackwall Tunnels.
	website.lineone.net /~londonbusphotos/395.htm (1028 words)

	East London Line
		The tunnel was intended to be used by road traffic, with 12m (40') wide spiral ramps coming down from the surface, but the first stage of the project was to dig the southern vertical access shaft and drive under the river, using a shield, to eventually meet the northern shaft (which was dug somewhat later).
		In fact, the clay was riddled with faults allowing water to leak into the tunnel, and several times breakthroughs of the Thames flooded the workings; the first such turned out to be at a point where dredging of the riverbed for gravel had brought it even closer to the tunnel.
		The first part of the link, from the southern lines through the tunnel to Wapping, opened in December 1869 (the tunnel had remained in use as a footpath until July) while the remainder was opened 7 years later.
	www.geocities.com /thelondontube/eel.html (1604 words)

	Photolondon: London Metropolitan Archives
		The Rotherhithe Tunnel under the Thames carries traffic between the dockland areas of Shadwell and Rotherhithe.
		Built by Sir Maurice Fitzmaurice between 1904 and 1908 it was constructed partly by tunnelling and partly by the cut and cover method.
		It is 4,860 feet (1481 metres) long excluding the approaches and the top of the tunnel is 48 feet (14.6 metres) below Trinity high water mark to allow for the passage of large ships.
	www.photolondon.org.uk /lma/lma_rotherhithe.htm (86 words)

	From omnibus to ecobus, 1851-1875, 4th page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The first successful attempt at tunnelling beneath London was a tunnel built under the Thames from Rotherhithe on the south side to Wapping on the north.
		Often punned as the 'Great Bore', the tunnel finally opened in March 1843 with a great procession and cheers for the ailing and aged Brunel, who had overcome flooding, financial problems and derision from the press, to realise this engineering miracle.
		The tunnel was originally designed to accommodate two carriages and a footpath, but lack of funds to build the necessary approach ramps for vehicles meant that it ended up solely as a pedestrian tunnel.
	www.ltmuseum.co.uk /learning/online_resources/ecobus_omnibus/pg/1851c.htm (943 words)

	House of Lords - Mersey Tunnels Bills - Minutes of Evidence
		The Tyne Tunnel, which is in fact the only other crossing which is managed by a passenger transport authority, we approached Newcastle who were able to give us the information that we base this on.
		The Forth Bridge is 16,000, Rotherhithe Tunnel 14.6, Runcorn Bridge 19.6 and the Tyne Tunnel 15.6.
		You will see that the Mersey Tunnel does relatively better than it does on the daily flow and in fact is equal to the Rotherhithe Tunnel, but it is still lower than the Blackwall Tunnel, Dartford Crossing, the Runcorn Bridge and the Tyne Tunnel.
	www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk /pa/ld200304/ldselect/ldllaweb2/40309/4030921.htm (2151 words)

	Rotherhithe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Rotherhithe is a peninsula on the south bank of the Thames in east London in the London Borough of Southwark.
		Because much of Rotherhithe was covered by the Surrey Commercial Docks, it is also known as Surrey Docks or Surrey Quays.
		It was built by the Brunels as a pedestrian tunnel and is now occupied by a railway (the East London Line).
	www.teachersparadise.com /ency/en/wikipedia/r/ro/rotherhithe.html (194 words)

	Rotherhithe
		In 1865 it was adapted to serve as a railway tunnel, a function it retains as the East London line of the Underground now runs through it.
		At Rotherhithe are the remains of the 80' diameter shaft and the engine house which housed the pumps.
		The entrance arches are the cutting edges of the Greathead tunnelling shield used in its construction.
	www.london-footprints.co.uk /wkrotherhitheadd.htm (1311 words)

	Southwark Council \| Discover Southwark \| Tourism \| Southwark Villages \| Rotherhithe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Rotherhithe is very nearly a peninsula, so not surprisingly it has always been closely linked to the sea.
		Rotherhithe was also a centre for shipbuilding and shipbreaking.
		In building the Thames tunnel (the world’s first tunnel under a stretch of water), Sir Marc Brunel had to overcome considerable geological, engineering and financial difficulties.
	www.southwark.gov.uk /DiscoverSouthwark/Tourism/SouthwarkVillagesSection/NewRotherhithe.html (470 words)

	London Underground history before 1860 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		He used a shield of his own design and the tunnel was lined with bricks as the shield advanced.
		It was used as a pedestrian tunnel until The East London Railway bought the tunnel in 1865.
		The tunnel was first used by Underground trains in 1884-10-01 and is still used by the Underground.
	www.berga.nu /Lennart_T/lu/pre1860.html (243 words)

	View of the Rotherhithe Tunnel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		This view of the Rotherhithe Tunnel (below the River Thames) was published in 1844, one year after the tunnel's completion.
		It was the first tunnel to be built under a navigable river.
		The tunnel therefore operated as a pedestrian subway until taken over by the East London Railway in 1869.
	www.royalinsight.gov.uk /output/Page3559.asp (91 words)

	Rotherhithe Tunnel - - Port Cities (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Rotherhithe Tunnel was the second of the London County Council's road tunnels.
		Caisson for the Rotherhithe Tunnel under cast at the Thames Ironworks.
		The tunnel remains in use, but like its counterpart in Blackwall, it is clearly showing its age.
	www.portcities.org.uk /london/server/show/conPopUp.104/noClose/1/Rotherhithe-Tunnel.html (108 words)

	Brunel Engine House, Rotherhithe, London SE16 : tourist information from TourUK
		This small museum celebrates the construction of Thames Tunnel, the first tunnel to be constructed under a river.
		Running from Rotherhithe to Wapping, the tunnel was designed and built by Sir Marc Brunel, father of Isambard Kingdom Brunel.
		The Rotherhithe Road Tunnel that runs adjacent to it, this was built for road traffic in 1908.
	www.touruk.co.uk /london_museums/brunelengine_museum1.htm (296 words)

	LondonTown.com \| Rotherhithe Tunnel Guide \| Rotherhithe Tunnel London, SE16, England, UK \| London Streets by Street \| ...
		Rotherhithe Tunnel is located in the borough of Southwark
		The nearest underground station to Rotherhithe Tunnel is 'Rotherhithe ' which is about 3 minutes to the North West.
		Rotherhithe tube, Brunel Road, (3 mins to the North West)
	www.londontown.com /LondonStreets/rotherhithe_tunnel_527.html (112 words)

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