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Topic: Roton SSTO

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	Roton
		The Roton was a piloted commercial space vehicle design intended to provide rapid and routine access to orbit for both its two-person crew and their cargo.
		The Roton was planned in 1998 to reach commercial service in the year 2000 with a target price per flight of $7 million.
		Roton would have a height of 19.5 m, a diameter of 6.7 m and a maximum gross lift-off weigh of under 180 tonnes.
	www.astronautix.com /lvs/roton.htm (799 words)

	Wikipedia: Roton
		A roton is an excitation in superfluid Helium-4.
		Excitations with momenta in the linear region are called phonons; those with momenta close to the minimum are called rotons.
		Roton also refers to the Roton SSTO spacecraft design.
	www.factbook.org /wikipedia/en/r/ro/roton.html (100 words)

	Helicopter Heads For Space
		Roton was invented by Bevin McKinney, commercial space entrepreneur and Chief Designer of American Rocket Company.
		Roton combines previously developed technologies into a unique new concept for a space transport machine.
		Roton vehicles would be able to takeoff from any level ground--for example the taxiway of a small county airport.
	www.scienceagogo.com /news/19990031070738data_trunc_sys.shtml (1336 words)

	THE ROTON CONCEPT
		ROTON is a single stage (SSTO) rocket system powered by a number of small liquid-propellant rocket engines attached to the tips of a large diameter rotor blades.
		This is true even for the ROTON concept which we discuss in the next section, in spite of the use of air-augmentation of the ROTON during flight from earth surface to orbit.
		The ROTON achieves roughly equivalent performance to an air-launched single-stage rocket by using the highly efficient air-augmented "helicopter" mode to reach the altitude and velocity at which a typical single-stage rocket would be released for flight.
	www.islandone.org /Launch/Roton-Paper (6185 words)

	History
		The Roton ATV was the first of three proof-of-concept vehicles to be built with the third ship designed to reach space.
		The Roton ATV was built for the specific purpose to test controlled landing and hover capability.
		Approximately $30 million were spent to develop the Roton ATV with $5 Million for the hangar bay and $5+ million for the all composite construction of the ATV.
	www.rotors.org /roton/history.htm (236 words)

	Rotary Rocket at AllExperts (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Roton was a concept developed in the late 1990s as a fully reusable Single Stage to Orbit (SSTO) manned spacecraft.
		Roton was intended to reduce costs of launching payloads into low earth orbit by a factor of ten.
		The Roton ATV scored a 10 â" the vehicle simulator was found to be practically unflyable by anyone except the Rotary test pilots, and even then there were expected to be short periods where the vehicle was out of control.
	experts.about.com.cob-web.org:8888 /e/r/ro/Roton_SSTO.htm (2059 words)

	Rotary Rocket - Summary
		The Roton™ will be a piloted commercial "space vehicle" designed to transport up to 7,000 lb of cargo to and from low earth orbit (LEO).
		The Roton C-9 uses a cluster of 72 proprietary RocketJet™ LOX / kerosene engines spinning at 720 rpm to generate 500,000 lb of thrust.
		The Roton™ crew and cargo are situated between the composite LOX and kerosene tanks.
	www.spaceandtech.com /spacedata/rlvs/rotary_sum.shtml (187 words)

	Rotary Rocket Company?s Roton-C
		The SSTO Roton C-9 vehicle was designed for vertical takeoff and landing.
		The Roton C-9 was cone-shaped with the rotor blades folded flat against the exterior.
		The Roton also has been designed to be able to return to Earth with the cargo bay fully loaded.
	www.globalsecurity.org /space/systems/roton.htm (747 words)

	Roton (Gary C. Hudson; Jeff Greason; Bevin McKinney; Doug Jones; Henry Spencer)
		I don't know the numbers for Roton but I think it'll have to be on the order of 100 flights a year to seriously undercut the existing launch vehicles and offer a reasonable return on investment.
		The original Roton ought to work fine at its originally proposed size (Gary said he'd still like to build it some day), but scaling it up makes the rotor system considerably more difficult to build, and they decided it was too big a technical challenge and would scare away investors.
		The key is that the Roton was not an unmanned vehicle with a crew compartment attached, the crew was part of the design and was used to the maximum extent to reduce the complexity of other systems.
	www.yarchive.net /space/launchers/roton.html (15035 words)

	Single-stage to orbit - NewMars
		The idea behind SSTO was to reduce high costs by building a large reusable vehicle, thus reducing the complexity of the vehicle and its maintenance.
		Because of the way it is built, a paradox appears: contrary to most rockets, for a SSTO a dense fuel (kerosene or propane for example) it's more performant than liquid hydrogen.
		A problem with a SSTO vehicle is that it needs to use a single engine for all altitudes.
	www.newmars.com /wiki/index.php/SSTO (371 words)

	SSTO (Single Stage To Orbit) (Dani Eder; Henry Spencer)
		The big problem with the SSTO designs of the past was that they tended to have rather limited mass margins, and this correctly made people nervous.
		According to Dr. Dana Andrews of Boeing, who is the study manager of one of the four industry SSTO studies underway for the SDIO, the addition of 1000 feet/second (680 miles per hour) to a horizontal take-off SSTO rocket that uses oxygen/hydrogen propulsion will triple the payload.
		So an SSTO with a life of 100 flights would have to be designed 20% heavier than a 1 use structure (like the Saturn third stage).
	yarchive.net /space/launchers/ssto.html (8062 words)

	Single-Stage-to-Orbit Vehicles
		Since the dry mass of an SSTO vehicle must be kept low, it requires the use of high-tech materials and technologies.
		Using SSME performance, the mass fraction of an SSTO would have to be about 0.87, which means the structure and payload of the vehicle is 13% of the total weight of the fueled vehicle (Bekey 33).
		Once it is seen that SSTOs provide a faster and cheaper method of launch, the government and large aerospace companies may jump on the bandwagon and develop even more SSTO vehicles.
	vorlon.cwru.edu /~jam64/work/ssto.htm (3232 words)

	Good afternoon, Chairman Rohrabacher and members of the committee.
		The Roton concept is based on a rotary aerospike engine in the base which uses centrifugal pumping of propellant by spinning the entire engine around a central axis.
		Roton vehicles have been under development for several years and the Roton-C was introduced at the Cheap Access to Space Symposium in July 1997.
		At take-off, the Roton is powered by a proprietary Rocketjet aerospike engine at the base of the vehicle that rotates about the vehicle’s vertical axis.
	www.house.gov /science/hudson_02-12.htm (1657 words)

	Last flight of 6-story Roton forced to abort
		The last vestige of an attempt to create a low-cost space-launch system, the Roton ATV was headed from its birthplace at the Mojave Airport for display at Classic Rotors, a helicopter museum located at the Ramona Airport.
		As the helicopter was disengaging its hook from the vehicle, it bobbled briefly and the rotor head atop the Roton pierced the sheet metal underside of the Chinook.
		The Roton atmospheric test vehicle was a proof-of-concept vehicle for an envisioned space-launch system in which the cone-shaped craft would return from orbit and land like a helicopter.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/909742/posts (2849 words)

	[No title]
		SSTO HELICOPTER From: Bruce_Dunn@mindlink.bc.ca (Bruce Dunn) Newsgroups: sci.space.tech Subject: Making Orbit 94: SSTO helicopters Date: 19 Jan 94 15:44:01 GMT I recently attended the Making Orbit 94 conference in the San Fransisco area (San Mateo to be exact).
		It was stated however that the presentation at Making Orbit 94 was the first public announcement of the work in progress.
		The name originated with a child's toy of that name, which was some sort of helicopter-like device.
	www.risacher.org /uton/SSTO_Helicopter.txt (953 words)

	Roton
		The Roton would be a reusable, single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO), vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) vehicle, 19.5 m high and 6.7 m in diameter, able to carry up to 3,200 kg to and from a 300 km-high orbit.
		Once its payload was deployed and any return cargo captured, the Roton would reenter and descend using a four-blade, nose-mounted rotor.
		But although the Roton Air Test Vehicle began flight tests in 1999, technical problems and NASA’s decision not to select Roton for its X-33 project stalled further development.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/R/Roton.html (289 words)

	Rotary Rocket Rollout!
		As you observed as we talked in the Rotary Rocket Company high bay next to the Roton Atmospheric Test Vehicle (ATV), the ATV is roughly comparable to the DC-X in that it is a landing system technology demonstrator.
		Where it differs from the DC-X is that once the ATV test flights are complete, the Roton vehicle low speed aerodynamics and control laws will have been measured in full scale, rather than the subscale of the DC-X and the X-33.
		The Roton enters base first, so the ATV does not need to perform comparable tests to the rotation maneuver which was necessary for the DC-X to demonstrate for the operational Delta Clipper side entry profile.
	www.jerrypournelle.com /reports/jerryp/rotary.html (1612 words)

	Big Idea
		Using LOX/kerosene or RP-1, and technology that has already been developed, it is possible to build an SSTO that will deliver between 2000 kg and 20,000 kg to LEO, depending upon the dimensions you choose for vehicle.
		Tankage can be built using composites and integrated into the airframe, as in the DC-X and Roton designs, allowing for lighter dry weight.
		The parachutes are released upon landing to prevent dragging the vehicle.
	geocities.com /bobvanx/theories/topicctheoriesrocket.html (349 words)

	VTOVL
		Beta II was Dietrich Koelle's nominal 350 tonne lift-off mass SSTO design for launch of a 10 tonne European spaceplane....
		The X-Rocket was a VTOVL SSTO design by Maxwell Hunter II at Lockheed in the late 1980's.
		Beta II was Dietrich Koelle's largest SSTO concept, with a nominal 2000 tonne lift-off mass SSTO design and 100 tonne payload....
	www.astronautix.com /lvfam/vtovl.htm (996 words)

	Rockets vs Space Planes
		Their advantage is that they can generate lift in the atmosphere so that a launch vehicle uses much less propellant in the first part of its trajectory.
		The X-33 takes exactly this approach, of course, and it should be noted that one of the losing entries, the DC-X, was a VTOL SSTO proposal and the only one to have actually had a prototype build and flown.
		The key difficulty of SSTO is to build a light vehicle, and so the structure must be as efficient as possible.
	www.aerospaceguide.net /rocketsvsplanes.html (1428 words)

	Roton SSTO Wikipedia, Flickr, Delicious Bash at Bashr.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Roton SSTO last updated: Thu, 16 Nov 2006 17:17:46 -0500
		Instead, the Mojave Airport administration worked to keep this historic vehicle at Mojave, and on November 10, 2006, the Roton was moved to its permanent display location at the intersection of Airport Blvd and Sabovich Road.
		To many, the Roton represents the program that launched Mojave into the Space Age, and this theme was echoed during the dedication ceremony that took place during the Veterans' Day celebration on November 11, at which Brian Binnie was the keynote speaker.
	www.bashr.com /en_bio_pics/Roton_SSTO (2050 words)

	Roton SSTO Info - Bored Net - Boredom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Roton SSTO Info - Bored Net - Boredom
		The Roton was a single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) concept spacecraft designed by Gary Hudson and built by Rotary Rockets Inc.
		The vehicle was unique in using helicopter-style rotors for landing, rather than wings or parachutes.
	www.borednet.com /e/n/encyclopedia/r/ro/roton_ssto.html (76 words)

	The Cold Rush is On Rotary Lunar Mission
		Chapman is leading the development of applications for the Roton space vehicle at Rotary Rocket Company.
		The company is presently working on an upcoming equity private placement, the next step in the financial program necessary to build the Roton.
		Rotary Rocket Company’s Roton will be the first piloted fully reusable space vehicle.
	www.spacedaily.com /news/lunar-98f.html (933 words)

	Roton (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Roton-C9 The Roton was a concept for a completly reusable single stage to orbit (SSTO) launcher.
		After deploying its payload and reentering the atmosphere, the roton will deploy a helicopter like rotor for a soft landing.
		The Roton was to have a crew of two astronauts, making it the first private manned space vehicle.
	www.skyrocket.de /space/doc_lau/roton.htm (123 words)

	HobbySpace - An Interview with Gary Hudson
		The company Rotary Rocket was formed to pursue the Roton design and after it raised enough funding to begin hardware development, the company attracted a tremendous amount of attention.
		That is, build a SSTO that can put some minimal payload into orbit but allows for the option of either expendable boosters or a reusable first stage whenever a heavier payload is needed.
		The classic Roton might have been able to fly some of the early LEO spacecraft designs, one spacecraft at a time, but soon those grew in size many-fold and instead of a thousand pounds to LEO, we were facing 7000 pounds.
	www.hobbyspace.com /AAdmin/archive/Interviews/Systems/GaryHudson.html (5016 words)

	Single-stage-to-orbit - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A detailed study into SSTO vehicles was prepared by Chrysler Corporation's Space Division in 1970-1971 under NASA contract NAS8-26341.
		Whereas reusable SSTOs would reduce per launch costs by making a reusable high-tech vehicle that launches frequently with low maintenance, the "mass production" approach views the technical advances as a source of the cost problem in the first place.
		The Cold Equations Of Spaceflight A critique of SSTO by Jeffrey F. Bell.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/SSTO (2473 words)

	Learn more about Roton in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Learn more about Roton in the online encyclopedia.
		Enter a phrase or search word in the box below.
		Hint: Play with putting spaces before and after your words to see the different results you get.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /r/ro/roton.html (99 words)

	[No title]
		The Roton is a reusable, single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) space vehicle designed to transport up to 7000 lbs to and from low earth orbit.
		The Roton is conical in shape, 22 feet (6.7 meters) in diameter at the base, and about 63 feet (19.2 meters) tall.
		The Rotary Rocket Company is the creator of the Roton launch vehicle.
	members.lycos.co.uk /kirkwood/RLVs/roton.htm (72 words)

	Scaled Composites: Rotary Rocket Roton ATV
		Pegasus · Proteus · Raptor · Roton · SpaceShipOne · Triumph · V-Jet II · Vantage · Voyager
		The Roton is a reusable, single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) space vehicle designed by Rotary Rocket to transport up to 7000 lbs to and from low earth orbit.
		Above the cargo bay is the LOX tank and attached to the top of it, on the nose of the Roton, are the rotor blades, hub and assembly.
	www.scaled.com /projects/roton.html (284 words)

	The Space Arena Board
		There is a HUGE difference between what is theoretically possible (SSTO) and what is economically practical to use on a routine basis.
		As a case in point, Gary Hudson (a nice guy, I am sure) might be flying the Roton into orbit routinely today if he had 1) made it TSTO and 2) used already developed Russian kerosene-LOX engines from the start.
		A booster stage for the Roton could have been created by taking a Roton and having the entire volume filled with kerosene and LOX tanks (the payload compartment took up nearly half the available volume in the Roton).
	www.space-frontier.org /cgi-bin/BBS/MoonBase/read/15167 (921 words)

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