Rotor (turbine) - Factbites

Rotor (turbine) - Factbites
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Topic: Rotor (turbine)

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	TURBINE
		The stresses which drive a crack in the bore of the turbine rotor are caused by the non-uniform distribution of temperatures particularly during a start up, the spinning of the rotor and the pressure of the steam.
		In the early years of making forgings for turbine rotors a bore hole was drilled axially through the forging to remove any inclusions that may have been entrapped during the forging process.
		A basic finite element concept is discretization. The turbine rotor is discretized by modeling it as a series of finite elements connected at each corner by nodes.
	www.georgemontgomerype.com /Rotor_Bore/TURBINE.HTM (1982 words)

	TURBINE
		The stresses which drive a crack in the bore of the turbine rotor are caused by the non-uniform distribution of temperatures particularly during a start up, the spinning of the rotor and the pressure of the steam.
		In the early years of making forgings for turbine rotors a bore hole was drilled axially through the forging to remove any inclusions that may have been entrapped during the forging process.
		A basic finite element concept is discretization. The turbine rotor is discretized by modeling it as a series of finite elements connected at each corner by nodes.
	www.georgemontgomerype.com /Rotor_Bore/TURBINE.HTM (1982 words)

	Eco Innovations: Products
		The Turgo Kit Set includes a Stainless Steel Turgo Rotor, a Smart Drive Stator and Rotor with the Smart Drive Reconnection Manual and the Shaft and Bearing Assembly to attach the Turgo Rotor to the Generator.
		Pelton turbines only need 1-2 jets, Turgo turbines usually require 3-4 jets.
		The variety of possible jet sizes goes from 6mm to 32mm so that your turbine output can be adjusted with the seasonal flow changes of your river.
	homepages.paradise.net.nz /ecoinn/pages/Build_it_yours_hydro.html (646 words)

	Wind turbine patent invention
		The rotor of a horizontal axis wind turbine must face either into or away from the direction of the wind and a yaw mechanism is required to rotate the rotor about the vertical axis of the tower to keep the rotor in proper alignment with the wind flow.
		Drag-type vertical axis wind turbines, exemplified by the three-cup anemometer and the Savonius wind turbine, are rotated by the force produced by the wind impinging on the exposed area of cups, buckets, or paddles arranged around a vertical shaft.
		The turbine is responsive to wind flow substantially parallel to the shaft, either wind shear in a vertical axis configuration or wind flow parallel to the earth's surface in a horizontal configuration 200.
	www.freshpatents.com /Wind-turbine-dt20050804ptan20050169742.php?type=description (3143 words)

	18-Steam Turbine Technology Brochure
		The Institute developed the turbine rotor examination/evaluation system (TREES), an automated rotor bore ultrasonic examination system for steam turbines that incorporates features such as focused search units and a volumetric cell structure to produce unique examination capabilities and excellent flaw resolution.
		Various steam turbine components are subjected to failure analysis to identify cause of failure and to recommend corrective actions.
		Steam turbine discs can be inspected for cracking in the rim area without need for deblading by use of a new SwRI-developed ultrasonic inspection system.
	www.swri.org /3pubs/brochure/d18/steam/steam.htm (1300 words)

	Category:Turbines - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The simplest turbines have one moving part, a rotor-blade assembly.
		A turbine is a rotary engine that extracts energy from a fluid flow.
		Moving fluid acts on the blades to spin them and impart energy to the rotor.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Category:Turbines (84 words)

	Patent 4263997
		A turbine engine having a power turbine rotor which is directly coupled for rotation with a compressor rotor may be referred to as a single shaft gas turbine engine.
		Engine speed is controlled in a conventional manner by regulating the engine fuel flow in response to a fuel command signal which is normally proportional to the difference between a commanded and an actual engine speed.
		Engine speed is controlled in response to exhaust gas temperature and engine speed feedback for operation at 100% rated speed under full load conditions and for optimum fuel consumption under part load conditions.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4263997.html (84 words)

	Windpower, Wind Turbine, Darrieus, Renewable Energy
		Accordingly, presently operating wind turbines have average capacities of roughly 500 to 750 kilowatts with diameters of some 30 to 60 meters, with the gearbox and generator light enough to be mounted on simple towers at heights on the order of 1.5 rotor diameters above the surface so as to minimize the vertical wind-speed differential.
		Although the power rating of the conventional horizontal-axis wind turbine increases roughly with the square of the propeller diameter, propeller blade axial deflection increases with the cube of the rotor diameter.
		Unlike horizontal-axis wind turbines however, the blade-sections of the vertical-axis turbines pass through a relatively uniform wind-velocity portion of the vertical wind gradient and therefore are subject to minimum fatigue loading.
	www.pages.drexel.edu /~garfinkm/WindIntro.html (1462 words)

	Polytechnic International Press - Win d Turbine Performance
		The wind turbine, whether it may be a Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT) or a Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT), offers a practical way to convert the wind energy into electrical or mechanical energy.
		Ion Paraschivoiu enjoys a good reputation in the wind energy fraternity for his significant contributions to the theory of the aerodynamic performance of the Darrieus vertical axis wind turbine.
		CARDAAV) for performance calculations are described : several rotor geometries, conventional and natural laminar flow airfoils, dynamic stall effects, secondary effects and stochastic wind model.
	www.polymtl.ca /pub/wind_turbine.html (751 words)

	Gas turbine engine (US6460343)
		A method of operation of a gas turbine engine having a compressor for producing a fluid flow, a casing, a combustor in said casing, said combustor having an inlet portion, a turbine rotor disk with blades, and an annular space in said casing, said annular space surrounding said blades, said method comprising:
		The rotating fluid flow is formed in the annular space of the casing by supplying a fluid from a compressor to the blades of the turbine rotor disk.
		A gas turbine engine has a device for admitting a rotating fluid flow from an annular space of the casing to the inlet portion of a combustor to form a rotating fluid flow in the inlet portion of the combustor.
	www.delphion.com /details?pn=US06460343__ (751 words)

	Turbine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Wind turbines use a foil to generate lift from the moving fluid and impart it to the rotor (this is a form of reaction), they also gain some energy from the impulse of the wind, by deflecting it at an angle.
		Gas turbines with multiple stages have the first stage reacting to impulse of the gas flow (because it is inefficient to increase the velocity when it is almost at the speed of sound) and later stages being designed for reaction in the decreasing velocity flow.
		A turbine operating in reverse is called a compressor or turbopump.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Turbine (1456 words)

	Method and apparatus for welding turbine rotor shafts - Patent 4581816
		Rotor 10 further comprises a plurality of axially spaced apart turbine wheels, one of which is designated as wheel 74 secured to shaft portion 14.
		Rotor 10 further includes a pair of circumferential, mateable joint faces 24 and 26 axially extending from the radially inner portion of opposing end face 20 and 22, respectively.
		Additionally, rotation of the rotor while supported at axial positions outboard the weld may cause the weld to crack because of unequal stresses placed on the weld by the weight component force of the rotor.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4581816.html (5900 words)

	Aerospaceweb.org Ask Us - Tip-Jet Rotor Helicopters
		The rotor is usually spun by means of an engine or engines mounted in the fuselage, and the power generated by these devices is converted into a spinning motion through a gearbox.
		Your comment about the rotor being powered by jets refers to the fact that jet engines are actually located on the rotors rather than within the fuselage of the helicopter.
		The Hornet was envisioned as a helicopter for the common man. It did away with the expensive engines, tail rotors, complex instrument panels, and gearboxes of conventional helicopters, instead relying on two ramjets mounted to the tips of the rotor blades for propulsion.
	www.aerospaceweb.org /question/helicopters/q0141.shtml (1225 words)

	Howstuffworks "How Gas Turbine Engines Work"
		The following figure shows the general layout of an axial-flow gas turbine -- the sort of engine you would find driving the rotor of a helicopter, for example:
		Turbine - Extracts the energy from the high-pressure, high-velocity gas flowing from the combustion chamber
		Combustion area - Burns the fuel and produces high-pressure, high-velocity gas
	travel.howstuffworks.com /turbine3.htm (148 words)

	Wave Rotor Topping Cycles for Gas Turbine Engine
		In support of the Turbomachinery and Combustion Technology program, the wave rotor is being investigated for use as a core gas generator in future gas turbine engines in order to achieve high peak cycle temperatures and pressures.
		Because each passage of the wave rotor is periodically exposed to both hot and cold flow, the mean temperature of the rotor material remains considerably below the peak cycle temperature.
		Steady state design and off-design cycle deck calculations for a four port wave rotor core using current subsonic engine technology for the surrounding turbomachinery indicate that the wave rotor can readily meet the aero/thermodynamic requirements, substantially reduce specific fuel consumption and increase specific power.
	www.grc.nasa.gov /WWW/cdtb/projects/waverotor (1098 words)

	Assessment of Research Needs for Wind Turbine Rotor Materials Technology -- Executive Summary
		In carrying out its charge the committee examined an extensive literature on wind machines and wind turbine rotor materials and was briefed by many experts on these subjects, both in the wind industry and in related industries.
		Such a study would assist in organizing the information about the current status of wind turbine rotor materials, their manufacture into blades, and their operation and life performance in service.
		An associated additional limitation to achievement of the full economic potential of wind energy is uncertainty about the long-term response of wind turbine rotor materials to the turbulent stochastic loadings to which they are subjected.
	www.nap.edu /execsumm/0309044790.html (2673 words)

	turbine - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about turbine
		In a gas turbine a compressed mixture of air and gas, or vaporized fuel, is ignited, and the hot gases produced expand through the turbine blades, spinning the rotor.
		Steam turbines are used to drive generators in power stations and ships' propellers&; water turbines spin the generators in hydroelectric power plants; and gas turbines (as jet engines&; see jet propulsion) power most aircraft and drive machines in industry.
		The high-temperature, high-pressure steam for steam turbines is raised in boilers heated by furnaces burning coal, oil, or gas, or by nuclear energy.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /turbine (670 words)

	Water turbine - Biocrawler
		The main difference between early water turbines and water wheels is a swirl component of the water which passes energy to a spinning rotor.
		The word turbine was coined by the French engineer Claude Bourdin in the early 19th century and is derived from the Latin word for "whirling" or a "vortex".
		Prior to hitting the turbine blades, the water's pressure (potential energy) is converted to kinetic energy by a nozzle and focused on the turbine.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Water_turbine (1913 words)

	Compound turbine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The rotor arrangement can be either tandem-compound in which the two axels are joined end to end, or cross-compound in which the two turbines have separate axels.
		The principal advantages of compound turbines are the reduction in size of any one casing, the confinement of the highest pressure to the smaller casing (which may be made of stronger and more expensive materials) and the possibility of divided flow in the low-pressure casing for the purpose of equalizing end thrusts.
		A compound turbine is a turbine in which there are two casings, a high-pressure casing and a low-pressure casing, operating in concert to extract work from a single source of steam.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Compound_turbine (1913 words)

	Wind and Hydropower Technologies Program: How Wind Turbines Work
		Upwind turbines face into the wind; the yaw drive is used to keep the rotor facing into the wind as the wind direction changes.
		Utility-scale turbines range in size from 50 kilowatts to as large as several megawatts.
		Small turbines are sometimes used in connection with diesel generators, batteries, and photovoltaic systems.
	www.eere.energy.gov /windandhydro/wind_how.html (829 words)

	Water turbine: Encyclopedia topic
		The word turbine (turbine: Rotary engine in which the kinetic energy of a moving fluid is converted into mechanical energy by causing a bladed rotor to rotate) was coined by the French engineer Claude Bourdin in the early 19th century and is derived from the Latin word for "whirling" or a "vortex".
		Water turbines are divided into two groups; reaction (reaction: A bodily process occurring due to the effect of some foregoing stimulus or agent) turbines and impulse (impulse: The act of applying force suddenly) turbines.
		Flow through the turbine is controlled either by a large valve or by wicket gates arranged around the outside of the turbine runner.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /reference/water_turbine (2151 words)

	Micro hydropower basic: introduction
		This kind of propeller turbine is known as a fixed blade axial flow turbine because the pitch angle of the rotor blades cannot be changed.
		Turbines are also divided by their principle way of operating and can be either impulse or reaction turbines.
		The major disadvantage of impulse turbines is that they are mostly unsuitable for low-head sites because of their low specific speeds too great an increase in speed would be required of the transmission to enable coupling to a standard alternator.
	microhydropower.net /turbines.html (1906 words)

	The Steam Turbine and Other Inventions of Sir Charles Parsons by R H Parsons
		So long as it was the practice to couple turbines directly to the propeller shafts, it was possible to arrange that the thrust of the propeller should be largely counterbalanced by the axial pressure of the steam on the rotor blading, so that only a small differential pressure had to be carried by the thrust-block.
		Turbines were employed at a very early date for driving centrifugal pumps, fans and blowers, all of which were naturally suitable for direct operation by a high-speed prime mover.
		A turbine can only be made to run slowly with efficiency, either by constructing it with a very large diameter in order to maintain the peripheral speed of the blades, or by using a very large number of blade rows so as to reduce the steam velocity per stage.
	www.houseofdavid.ca /parsons.htm (11742 words)

	BWEA - Building your own wind turbine
		Wind energy is both green and fun, so the idea of building one's own wind turbine is a good one.
		Wind turbines work with thin air, so they need to be large in relation to the power they produce.
		The wind is free, but small wind turbines are expensive in relation to what they produce, and cannot realistically compete with mains electricity.
	www.bwea.com /you/byo.html (743 words)

	GAS TURBINE CYCLE EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT BY SPRAY WATER
		The turbine entry temperature is 1100 C and the exhaust temperature is 525 C. The turbine has five stages, and the first two rotor stages and the first three stator stages are cooled; the roots of the last two stages are also cooled.
		C and the exhaust temperature is 550 C. The turbine has four stages and the first three rotating stages are air cooled; the effectiveness of the cooling is improved by intercooling the cooling air after it is with drawn from the compressor.
		As this method of spraying water has no dependency or connection with type or model of gas turbines which are made by different manufacturers, it could be applied for all other gas turbines which already in operation in the Iranian national grid.
	www.worldenergy.org /wec-geis/publications/default/tech_papers/17th_congress/2_3_12.asp (3253 words)

	Micro hydropower basic: introduction
		This kind of propeller turbine is known as a fixed blade axial flow turbine because the pitch angle of the rotor blades cannot be changed.
		Turbines are also divided by their principle way of operating and can be either impulse or reaction turbines.
		The major disadvantage of impulse turbines is that they are mostly unsuitable for low-head sites because of their low specific speeds too great an increase in speed would be required of the transmission to enable coupling to a standard alternator.
	microhydropower.net /turbines.html (1906 words)

	Chapter Two: Introduction
		Turbine meters have a spinning rotor with propeller-like blades that is mounted on bearings in a housing.
		Compound turbine meters are difficult to classify because they incorporate two meter technologies.
		Compound meters often incorporate turbine technology to handle high flowrates and positive displacement flow technology to handle low flowrates.
	www.flowresearch.com /Turbine_Study/Chapter_Two-Introduction-Turbine.htm (1906 words)

	The Wind Turbine Company
		To date, we have focused on mechanical hardware and the turbine's control system, improving our understanding of the operating characteristics and fatigue load reduction potential of our proprietary flapping-hinged rotor design.
		Once these new blades have been tested, we will deploy turbines in several small demonstration installations in North America and prospectively overseas, and then be ready to offer our turbines commercially.
		Our goal has always been to produce a utility-scale wind turbine that does not need subsidies in order to compete in electricity markets.
	www.windturbinecompany.com (308 words)

	Hydro
		Spinning of the turbine is a reaction to the action of the water squirting from the nozzles in the arms of the rotor.
		The significant difference in relation to the Pelton turbine is that Francis (and Kaplan) turbines are of the reaction type, where the runner is completely submerged in water, and both the pressure and the velocity of water decrease from inlet to outlet.
		Turbine manufacturers should be able to provide a close estimate of potential power output for their turbine, given the head and flow conditions at your site.
	www.fae.sk /Dieret/Hydro/hydro.html (17513 words)

	Electricity Generation Using Small Wind Turbines At Your Home Or Farm
		At a minimum, mount a wind turbine high enough on a tower that the tips of the rotor blades remain at least 9 m (30 ft) above any obstacle within 90 m (300 ft).
		Large turbines turbine blades rotate in the range of at 50-15 rpm at constant speed, although an increasing number of machines operate at a variable speed.
		Small wind turbines, (see Figure 1), which are generally defined as producing no more than 100 kW of electricity, are designed to be installed at homes, farms and small businesses either as a source of backup electricity, or to offset use of utility power and reduce electricity bills.
	www.gov.on.ca /OMAFRA/english/engineer/facts/03-047.htm (17513 words)

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