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Topic: Rotor machine

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	Rotor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		the rotating part of a machine, as in a motor, generator, alternator, a pump or a helicopter.
		The part of the machine that does not rotate is called the stator.
		certain cipher machines, such as the German Enigma machine, made use of rotating wheels, see rotor machine.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Rotor (208 words)

	Enigma machine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The machine has gained notoriety because Allied cryptologists (see Biuro Szyfrów, Poland, and Bletchley Park, England) were able to decrypt a large number of messages that had been enciphered on the machine before being broadcast by radio (see cryptanalysis of the Enigma).
		Approximately 10 cm in diameter, each rotor is a disk made of hard rubber or bakelite with a series of brass spring-loaded pins on one face arranged in a circle; on the other side are a corresponding number of circular electrical contacts.
		Chiffriermaschinen AG began advertising a rotor machine — Enigma model A — which was exhibited at the Congress of the International Postal Union in 1923 and 1924.
	www.secaucus.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Enigma_(machine) (5110 words)

	KL-7 information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The machine's security had to be good, but, because the devid was sure to fall into the other side's hands, this security should depend on proper use of the machine.
		The drive pawls which caused the rotors to step were controlled by tiny magnets, which in turn were controlled by programmable notch rings, located on the seven moving rotors...
		The machine was thus Electro mechanical in nature in that it sent a signal through the rotors which were internally wired differently from one side to the other in random positions.
	www-users.cs.york.ac.uk /matthew/KL-7.html (1998 words)

	SIGABA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		For any given letter pressed on the keyboard, not only would the machine scramble the letters in a fashion largely identical to other rotor machines, but any holes in the tape at that location would advance the corresponding rotors, before the tape itself was advanced one location.
		The Enigma rotors each take one input signal (current from a battery) and create one output signal, but in Rowlett's design each rotor must be constructed such that between one and five output signals were generated, advancing one or more of the rotors.
		This acted similarly to other rotor machines, such as the Enigma; when a plaintext letter was input, a signal would enter one side of the bank and exit the other, denoting the cihpertext letter.
	www.yotor.com /wiki/en/si/SIGABA.htm (1325 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		A rotor machine has a keyboard and a series of rotors, and implements a version of the Vigenère cipher.
		For example, in a 4-rotor machine the first rotor might substitute “F” for “A,” the second might substitute “Y” for “F,” the third might substitute “E” for “Y,” and the fourth might substitute “C” for “E”; “C” would be the output ciphertext.
		Because the rotors all move at different rates, the period for an n-rotor machine is 26n.
	www.math.niu.edu /~rusin/known-math/01_incoming/enigma (649 words)

	Enigma Enigma: Two Views
		For the Army/Air Force machine there was a selection of five rotors that could be used while the German Navy added three other special Navy rotors such that their machines had a total of eight rotors at their disposition.
		I have seen your comment on the rotors and this reflects the usual confusion about the number of rotors available and the number of rotor that can be mounted in the machine.
		One special version of the commercial Enigma machine, the machine that usually is called 11-15-17 after the number of notches on the wheels or also known as the Abwehr Enigma, had a moving Umkehrwalze.
	cryptome.quintessenz.at /mirror/enigma2.htm (1655 words)

	USS Pampanito - ECM Mark II
		A current passing through the rotor disk might enter in the position of letter B and exit in the position of letter G. Encipherment occurs by passing the current through several rotors that are side by side and rotating one or more of the rotors between each character enciphered.
		The connections between the last rotor of the 26 contact control bank and the first rotor of the 10 contact index bank are in 9 groups of between 1 and 6 wire(s) each.
		The rotors are zeroized, (cipher and control rotors positioned on "O") and the letter A is repeatedly encrypted until 30 cipher text characters are printed.
	www.maritime.org /ecm2.htm (3822 words)

	Cryptologia: Dutch invention of the rotor machine, 1915-1923, The
		The rotor machine, one of the most important innovations in the history of cryptology, was independently invented by four people at roughly the same time: Edward Hugh Hebern in the United States in 1917 became the first to file for a patent.
		That the rotor machine was invented more or less simultaneously by four different people may seem odd, but the history of science and technology has seen similar things happen.
		In this article I shall deal with the Netherlands, a particularly rewarding topic, because the rotor machine was first invented there in 1915 and adopted for the remaining part of the war by the Dutch navy on an experimental basis.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3926/is_200301/ai_n9166984 (1317 words)

	Solving the Enigma - History of the Cryptanalytic Bombe
		Rejewski determined the wiring of the new rotors as he had the original three, but the Bomba was not built to work through the combinations available with a choice of five rotors.
		Rotors and wires would simulate a series of Enigma rotors and pass an electrical current from one rotor to the next.
		This caused the machine to mimic a three-rotor Enigma.
	www.nsa.gov /publications/publi00016.cfm (12382 words)

	Learning About the Enigma Machine: The "Ednigma" Machine
		The "Ednigma" machine is a simpler version of the German’s Enigma machine, designed to make it easier to understand some of the ideas developed by the Poles and the British to crack the Enigma codes.
		Interpret the rotor setting as follows: It tells you how far to the right to move in the top row of the rotor matrix.
		Adjust the letter due to the rotor setting of the slow rotor (in reverse).
	www.gvsu.edu /math/enigma/ednigma.htm (629 words)

	Articles - Enigma machine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Approximately 10 cm in diameter, each rotor is a disk made of hard rubber or bakelite with a series of brass spring-loaded pins on one face arranged in a circle; on the other side are a corresponding number of circular electrical contacts.
		Shortly after the ransom deadline passed the machine was sent anonymously to BBC journalist Jeremy Paxman, but three rotors were missing.
		In October 2001, Yates was sentenced to ten months in prison after admitting handling the stolen machine and of flmailing Bletchley Park Trust director Christine Large, although he maintainted that he was acting as an intermediatary for a third party.
	www.gaple.com /articles/Enigma_cryptography_machine (4678 words)

	The Enigma Machine
		There was a cipher machine available at the time commercialy known as the 'Enigma'; a rotor-based machine that was thought to be unbreakable.
		This machine was the pattern for the family of cipher machines that the Germans used to encipher their morse code communications throughout the war.
		He would then turn the rotors so that the letters of the second group were in the windows and start encrypting his message.
	ozzzy.dyndns.org /enigma.html (769 words)

	Club Cobra - Procedure used to machine a rotor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Hi, I have an assignment for school and one of the things I have to do is describe the procedure used to machine a rotor.
		The more common one is a stand alone lathe designed specifically for cutting rotors, and there is also an on-the-car brake lathe that cuts the rotors while they are still mounted on the vehicle.
		In the final analysis, the idea of resurfacing rotors is something that is done very little these days, particularly since most cars use a "non hub" design type of rotor which doesn't incorporate an integral wheel bearing inside the hub/rotor.
	www.clubcobra.com /t62676.html (1061 words)

	Switch Machines (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Rotor Motor Switch Machine is designed to install easily underneath the railroad table.
		First you drill a small 1/32 inch hole down through the table exactly 3/8ths of an inch away from the 1/32nd hole that you drill in the throw bar (the moveable tie that's attached to the points) We recommend that you put this on the outside of the rail away from view.
		Rotor Motor is a "stall motor" type switch machine.
	www.railwayeng.com /switch.htm (227 words)

	Hebern Code Machines
		Five-rotor machine attached to a five-level paper tape punch and reader in National Cryptological Museum, National Security Agency, Washington D.C. Engineering drawings in National Cryptological Museum, National Security Agency, Washington D.C. from the collection of David Kahn.
		Two Hebern machines surfaced in Freemont, California, in July 2004 from the estate of Hugh Martin Lewis.
		Rotor sequence on both Nick Gessler's and Mark Sim's machines.
	www.sscnet.ucla.edu /geog/gessler/collections/crypto-hebern.htm (591 words)

	Enigma machine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		A unique rotor machine was constructed in 2002 by Netherlands-based Tatjana van Vark http://www.tatjavanvark.nl/index.html.
		Occasionally, Enigma machines are sold at auction; prices of US$20,000 are not unusual http://www.eclipse.net/~dhamer/enigma_p.htm.
		Władysław Kozaczuk, Enigma: How the German Machine Cipher Was Broken, and How It Was Read by the Allies in World War Two, edited and translated by Christopher Kasparek, Frederick, MD, University Publications of America, 1984.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/E/Enigma-machine.htm (4901 words)

	Amazon.com: Books: Machine Cryptography and Modern Cryptanalysis (Artech House Telecom Library) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Most of the machine ciphers of World War II, and many of the machine ciphers used for a very long time thereafter, derived in one way or another from the ciphers invented by Hebern and Hegelin.
		The list of machines and designers using one or the other of these two methods would be very long indeed.
		"Machine Cryptography and Modern Cryptanalysis" offers a great deal of information on the strengths and weaknesses of these machines, and on the cryptanalytic methods used for attacking such ciphers.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0890061610?v=glance (920 words)

	ENIGMA CIPHER MACHINES FIALKA NEMA AND OTHER CIPHER MACHINES, EARLY COMPUTERS: TELEGRAPH & SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENT MUSEUMS
		The machine was also supplied with an external and internal display as well as a multiple-voltage power converter transformer in a separate box which converted voltages ranging from 110 - 250 Volts, AC to the required 3.5-volts to operate the lamps.
		The machines were also supplied with two additional rotors, numbers IV and V which were stored in a special box to allow them to be carried around with the machine without damaging them.
		She is particularly proud of the helical gearing in both the cipher machine and the printer.
	w1tp.com /enigma (10313 words)

	ilord.com: Bob Lord's Home Page
		I have posted some manuals here, some of my favorite propaganda, magazine articles, and even a training video for the M-209 encryption machine.
		As I tried to learn more about these crypto machines on the web, I found that there were very few hi-resolution images for me to study.
		Two rotor storage box open, closed front, closed back
	www.ilord.com (371 words)

	Cryptographic Equipment
		WW-II German Naval 4-rotor Enigma --- Rotors Storage Box (Closed) --- Rotors Storage Box (Open) --- Begleitbuch
		KL-7 Rotor Encryption Device --- KL-7 Power Supply --- KL-7 Accessories & Tools Box --- KL-7 Rotors in Box
		Rotors from Russian or Soviet rotor encryption device - could be from 1930's up to 1950's
	home.ca.inter.net /~hagelin/crypto.html (143 words)

	Hagelin M-209-B Rotor Machine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		This machine was produced in several forms, including a US Navy version called the CSP-1500.
		It has six rotors, and offered only low security for its time.
		The information at this site is Copyright 1995, 1996, International Association for Cryptologic Research.
	www.iacr.org /misc/m209 (41 words)

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