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Topic: Rough set

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Fuzzy set

Possibility theory

Fuzzy logic

Heyting algebra

Lotfi Zadeh

Jet engine

	Rough Set Data Analysis: A Round to Noninvasive Knowledge Discovery
		Rough set data analysis: A road to non-invasive knowledge discovery
		This is not the first book on rough set analysis and certainly not the first book on knowledge discovery algorithms, but it is the first attempt to do this in a non-invasive way.
		This book reports the ideas of the authors, but many citations of papers on Rough Set Data Analysis in knowledge discovery by other research groups are included as well.
	www.cosc.brocku.ca /~duentsch/papers/methprimer2.html (188 words)

	Rough sets
		The rough sets (proposed by Pawlak,1991) is one of the techniques for the identification and recognition of common patterns in data, especially in the case of uncertain and incomplete data.
		As the roughness of the knowledge grows, the boundary region vanishes since it is being incorporated into the positive region of the classification.
		The rough sets approach to data classification is often referred to as a machine-learning procedure for incomplete or imprecise data and was extensively tested in various scientific domains (Slowinski, 1992).
	www.ims.uni-stuttgart.de /phonetik/EGG/pagev4.htm (1241 words)

	Rough Set Framework for Geo-Spatial Information
		Rough set concept (Pawlak, 1982) is a new mathematical tool to reason about uncertainty cause by vagueness, imprecision due to granularity in the domain of discourse.
		The Rough Set theory introduced by (Pawlak, 1982; Pawlak, 1991) The concept of Rough Set theory is based on the assumption that with every object of the universe (U) there is associated a certain amount of information (data, knowledge), expressed by means of some attributes (Q) used for object description.
		Rough set and Rough-Fuzzy theory generate rules which are then used to classify the image; hence there is transparency in between unlike ANN.
	www.mapindia.org /2005/papers/AFG/309.htm (2561 words)

	Flags and Lollipops - Bioinformatics Blog: Rough Sets: A Quick Tutorial
		The latter paper, by Cao et al., is interesting in that rough sets theory is rarely used in bioinformatics despite the fact that the field is full of exactly the kind of noisy, imprecise datasets that rough sets are designed to handle.
		Rough set theory was introduced in the 1980s by Zdzislaw Pawlak.
		Rough sets were designed to be used for the classification of imprecise, uncertain or incomplete information.
	www.ghastlyfop.com /blog/2006/01/rough-sets-quick-tutorial.html (1699 words)

	Cogprints - Intrinsic co-Heyting boundaries and information incompleteness in Rough Set Analysis
		Rough Set Systems, can be made into several logic-algebraic structures (for instance, semi-simple Nelson algebras, Heyting algebras, double Stone algebras, three-valued £ukasiewicz algebras and Chain Based Lattices).
		In the present paper, Rough Set Systems are analysed from the point of view of co-Heyting algebras.
		In W. Ziarko (ed.) Rough Sets, Fuzzy Sets and Knowledge Discovery, Springer-Verlag, 1994, pp.
	cogprints.org /1990 (0 words)

	A Place of Our Own: Rough and Tumble Play
		Adults are sometimes uncomfortable with rough and tumble play because, to them, it symbolizes aggression, whereas to children, it symbolizes competence.
		Kids aren’t always smiling during rough and tumble play — sometimes they’re working hard to demonstrate their ability to be competent — but generally, it’s in the spirit of play.
		We set up rules for whoever wants to wrestle — you can’t touch from the head up, no shoes, etc. You need to set up the rules beforehand and let the kids know that they can say stop when they are ready to stop it.
	www.aplaceofourown.org /question_detail.php?id=185 (736 words)

	The Rough Enough Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The present version of Rough Enough is developed under the 4GL DBMS Paradox for Windows from Corel Inc. If you don't have this package available, I have now provided a separate version that includes/incorporates the runtime version of Paradox.
		Rough Enough is a data mining tool that supports the entire process
		Rough Enough is based on rough set theory
	www.trolldata.no /renough (240 words)

	The 2005 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Intelligent Agent Technology (IAT 2005)
		Originally, rough sets, whose main philosophy is based simply on discernibility between objects, were presented as an approach to approximation of concepts under uncertainty.
		The main subject of rough set approach to concept approximation problem is based on extraction of upper and lower approximations from available training data, and minimizing the difference between them.
		A growth of interest in rough set theory and its applications can be seen in the number of research papers submitted to international workshops, conferences, journals and edited books, including two main biannual conferences on rough sets and the special sub-line of LNCS series.
	www.comp.hkbu.edu.hk /IAT05/tutorial/?index=tutlist (1138 words)

	Journal of Zhejiang University Science
		Rough set axiomatization is one aspect of rough set study to characterize rough set theory using dependable and minimal axiom groups.
		The classic rough set theory is based on equivalent relation, but rough set theory based on reflexive and transitive relation (called quasi-ordering) has wide applications in the real world.
		To characterize topological rough set theory, an axiom group named RT, consisting of 4 axioms, is proposed.
	www.zju.edu.cn /jzus/2004/0407/040709.htm (250 words)

	Rough set-up
		Here is a rough set-up for the IOM No.1 rig when close-hauled.
		Make this setting without wind in the sails; when sailing, the leech will open up as necessary.
		Mast bend (mast ram): Set the mast curve to nicely match the main luff curve, then straighten the mast a smidgen (OK, maybe 3 mm) to push fullness into the middle of the sail if the wind is lighter than "top of No.1".
	www.onemetre.net /Race/Roughset/Roughset.htm (354 words)

	Bibliography: Rough Set Theory
		Grzymala-Busse, J. Dempster-Shafer Theory Interpretation of Rough Set Approach to Knowledge Acquisition under Uncertainty.
		Krysinski, J. "Rough set approach to analysis of relationship between structure and activity of quaternary imidazolium compounds." Arzneimittel-Forschuna Drug Research 40 (II) 7 (1990): 795-799.
		Mrozek, A. "Rough set dependency analysis among attributes in computer implementation of expert inference models." International Journal Man-Machine Studies 30 (1989): 457-473.
	www.ils.unc.edu /~wongs/info_retrieval/annotated/ref2.html (909 words)


		In this paper we apply the knowledge discovery process over the medical data set using the rough set theory as data mining technique in the knowledge discovery process.
		The rough set theory used since it can be perceived as a new approach to vague concept description from incomplete data.
		We reach to the reduction algorithm, which included in the rough set theory in order to reduce some set of attributes, Also we extract decision rules and the most important features which describe the data such as acl_IgM, Diagonis, acl_IgG.
	net.shams.edu.eg /ecs/Rough.htm (157 words)

	Rough computing book (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		set should not be confused with the idea of fuzzy set as they are fundamentally different, although in some sense complementary, notions.
		The primary applications of rough sets in AI are for the purpose of knowledge analysis and discovery in data.
		In particular, rough sets are used in probabilistic reasoning, granular computing (including information granule calculi based on rough mereology), intelligent control, intelligent agent modeling, identification of autonomous systems, and process specification.
	www.cba.edu.kw /ABO/RC-chapter.htm (941 words)

	Annotated Bibliography: Rough Sets (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Rough set approach is also used as a theoretical basis for some problems in machine learning.
		The concept of rough set has also inspired a variety of logical research: Gao and Nakamura,
		Some remarks on comparison of fuzzy sets and rough sets can also be found in
	ils.unc.edu /~wongs/info_retrieval/annotated/roughset.html (123 words)

	International Rough Set Society - Transactions on Rough Sets - LNCS Journal Subline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The LNCS Transactions on Rough Sets (TRS) journal subline is an outgrowth of the pioneering work on rough sets by Zdzisław Pawlak and many others during the past 25 years.
		Articles that appear in the TRS include foundations and applications of rough sets as well as foundations and applications of hybrid methods combining rough sets with other approaches important for development of intelligent systems.
		Transactions on Rough Sets VI and VII dedicated to the memory of late Professor Zdzisław Pawlak are under preparation.
	roughsets.home.pl /www/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=14&Itemid=32 (484 words)

	Conferences & Institutes Department - RSCTC 2002
		Rough Set theory was introduced by Zdzislaw Pawlak in the early 80's and has reached a level of high visibility and maturity.
		A considerable number of applications of rough sets in medicine, economics, finance, business, environment, electrical and computer engineering, a number of sciences, software engineering, and information science have been introduced in recent years.
		In addition, many rough set case studies and more than a dozen commercial, as well as, research rough set tools are currently available.
	www.gv.psu.edu /conferences/rsctc2002/Papers.asp (567 words)

	Pawlak Wins Lofti A. Zadeh Best Paper Award (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Pawlak is credited with creating "rough set theory", a mathematical tool for dealing with vagueness or uncertainty.
		Rough set theory is a natural generalization of "twin" theory (well known in interval mathematics).
		Rough set theory has attracted the attention of researchers and theoreticians worldwide and has been successfully applied in fields ranging from medicine to finance.
	www.cs.utep.edu /interval-comp/pawlak.html (361 words)

	A Hybrid Rough Set--Particle Swarm Algorithm for Image Pixel Classification
		This article presents a framework to hybridize the rough set theory with a famous swarm intelligence algorithm known as Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO).
		Each cluster is modeled with a rough set.
		PSO is employed to tune the threshold and relative importance of upper and lower approximations of the rough sets.
	csdl2.computer.org /persagen/DLAbsToc.jsp?resourcePath=/dl/proceedings/&toc=comp/proceedings/his/2006/2662/00/2662toc.xml&DOI=10.1109/HIS.2006.5 (0 words)

	Go Media's Arsenal - Professional Design Weaponry
		Scribbles is a unique set of lots of random linework, scribbles, scratches, swirlies, etc. These abstract scribbles add randomness and a sense of livliness to your design.
		Skulls Set 1 is a set of 20 different vector skulls of various styles.
		Splatter Set 1 is a set of 12 different vector splatters.
	www.gomedia.us /arsenal (0 words)

	Amazon.com: Rough Set Methods and Applications: New Developments in Knowledge Discovery in Information Systems (Studies ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		A monograph presenting the state of the art in knowledge discovery, namely rough set approach under uncertainty by inducing knowledge representation from data under constraints expressed by discernability or similarity of objects.
		In a couple of years that elapsed since the monograph edited by T. Lin and N. Cercone: Rough Sets and Data Mining.
		Transactions on Rough Sets III (Lecture Notes in Computer Science) by James F. Peters on 5 pages
	www.amazon.com /Rough-Set-Methods-Applications-Developments/dp/3790813281 (1002 words)

	A Decision Procedure for Rough Set Equalities (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		We use the notion of the rough set diagram introduced by Wasilewska and Vigneron [8] to present a general decision procedure for validity of equations in rough boolean algebra.
		First, we establish equivalence of validity in rough boolean algebra to validity in so called simple rough boolean algebra.
		Second, we propose a decision method for simple rough boolean algebra, which is to construct and consider all essential cases of models.
	www.ecsl.cs.sunysb.edu /~maxim/Papers/RSDP (124 words)

	Rough Rider Miniatures
		I removed his left arm (difficult since it was close to the body) and replaced it with a space marine arm equipped with a chaos plasma pistol from the new plastic Berzerker set.
		This is one of the new Commissars, sawn in half at the waist and attached to a set of rough rider legs (which just happen to be nicely detailed with little skulls along the coat hem).
		The Commissar's horse is all fl (in contrast to the brown horses of the Rough Riders), and the typical fl, red and yellow color scheme makes it clear that this model means business and cannot be ignored.
	www.ironhands.com /minrough.htm (702 words)

	Eurofighter Set for Rough Ride in Austria (updated) (defense procurement, military acquisition, defence purchasing)
		Gradiose statements from the SPO immediately after the election were followed by a quick crash back to reality, as the mathematics of the electoral results asserted themselves.
		Eventually, a grand coalition government was formed that pledged to resume negotiations with EADS, after a response from Eurofighter GmbH set Austria's cost of cancellation at EUR 1.2 billion in return for zero aircraft.
		The Eurofighter's rough ride in Austria has now come to an end, keeping most of the buy, but offering a minor face-saving compromise – an outcome that was nearly inevitable given the political and legal dynamics involved.
	www.defenseindustrydaily.com /2006/11/eurofighter-set-for-rough-ride-in-austria-updated/index.php (0 words)

	UofR Events: Show single event
		Introduced by Pawlak, this theory is a new mathematical approach to imprecision, vagueness and uncertainty.
		An extension of the original Rough Set Theory was introduced by Ziarko.
		This Variable Precision Rough Set Model leads to set approximations with broader positive region and narrower boundary region than the original model of rough set.
	www.uregina.ca /cgi-bin/WebEvent3.05/cals/webevent.cgi?cmd=listevent&ncmd=calmonth&cal=cal1&y=2004&m=07&d=27&id=1090960038-9299-1&token=&sb=0&cf=cal&lc=calmonth&swe=1&set=1&sa=0&sort=e,m,t&ws=0&sib=1 (195 words)

	GROBIAN - The Rough Set Engine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The GROBIAN project aims to develop user-friendly software to analyse data with rough set technology.
		For an introduction to this relatively new methodology, please consult the introductory papers by W.
		Besides its own algorithms, the first version of GROBIAN used parts of the of the Rough Set Library RSL (2.0), combined with a Windows(3.x/95) user interface.
	www.infj.ulst.ac.uk /~cccz23/grobian/grobian.html (127 words)

	lion.cc \| Bücher: Rough Set Methods and Applications. Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing, Band 56 von Lech ...
		Rough set approach to reasoning under uncertainty is based on inducing knowledge representation from data under constraints expressed by discernibility or, more generally, similarity of objects.
		The reader will find here a deep theoretical discussion of relevant notions and ideas as well as rich inventory of algorithmic and heuristic tools for knowledge discovery by rough set methods.
		TOC:Introduction: Introducing the Book; A Rough Set Perspective on Knowledge Discovery in Information Systems: An Essay on the Topic of the Book.- Methods and Applications: Reducts, Similarity, Mereology: Rough Set Algorithms in Classification Problem; Rough Mereology in Information Systems.
	www.lion.cc /shop/home/artikeldetails/rough_set_methods_and_applications_studies_in_fuzziness_and_soft/lech_polkowski/ISBN3-7908-1328-1/ID1979522.html (260 words)

	Combo Set #2 - Tropical
		This set came about as a result of looking at Ken Baker's Big W Pacific Island tropical course, a course I could see was special and captured a real feeling of being in that kind of environment.
		This is a tropical set for sure and you should be very careful what you put alongside these textures.
		I've included this set because I really like playing Ken's course with these textures, and, as I've felt rather bored with JN lately, this is a revelation.
	www.fortunecity.com /olympia/luge/136/comboset2.htm (486 words)

	Rough set data analysis
		One method for modelling uncertain or inaccurate information is rough set analysis which was introduced and studied by Pawlak (1982) and his co -- workers.
		Unlike other methods such as fuzzy set theory, Dempster -- Shafer theory or statistical methods, rough set analysis requires no external parameters and uses only the information presented in the given data.
		In this paper, we give an overview of the rough set model.
	www.infj.ulst.ac.uk /~cccz23/papers/rsda.html (98 words)

	LiveDaily Rough Mix :: The Live Music and MP3 Blog
		The Rough Mix gang has been exposing their nuggets for quite some time.
		You can witness more shocking behavior at their main blogs.
		While I put together my full galleries from the festival, here's a quick set of some of Friday's action.
	roughmix.livedaily.com /blog (0 words)

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