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Topic: Roulette wheel selection

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Selection (genetic algorithm)

Fitness function

Genetic algorithm

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	Fitness proportionate selection - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In fitness proportionate selection, as in all selection methods, possible solutions or chromosomes are assigned a fitness by the fitness function.
		The analogy to a roulette wheel can be envisaged by imagining a roulette wheel in which each candidate solution represents a pocket on the wheel; the size of the pockets are proportionate to the probability of selection of the solution.
		Selecting N chromosomes from the population is equivalent to playing N games on the roulette wheel, as each candidate is drawn independently.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Roulette_wheel_selection (315 words)

	Selection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		As you already know from the GA outline, chromosomes are selected from the population to be parents for crossover.
		Imagine a roulette wheel where all the chromosomes in the population are placed.
		A marble is thrown in the roulette wheel and the chromosome where it stops is selected.
	cs.felk.cvut.cz /~xobitko/ga/selection.html (542 words)

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	Parent Selection Methods for Genetic Algorithms
		The idea behind the roulette wheel selection technique is that each individual is given a chance to become a parent in proportion to its fitness.
		It is called roulette wheel selection as the chances of selecting a parent can be seen as spinning a roulette wheel with the size of the slot for each parent being proportional to its fitness.
		This is repeated to select the second parent.
	www.cecs.missouri.edu /~skubic/375/ParentSelection.htm (201 words)

	cEA variation operators
		Selection: With this operator the individuals producing offspring are chosen.
		Selection is a process in which fitter individuals are selected to reproduce offspring for the next generation.
		For selecting the mating population the appropriate number of uniformly distributed random numbers (uniform distributed between 0.0 and 1.0) is independently generated.
	tracer.lcc.uma.es /tws/cEA/operators.htm (1304 words)

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	G5BAIM : Artificial Intelligence Methods (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Roulette Wheel Selection : The idea behind the roulette wheel selection parent selection technique is that each individual is given a chance to become a parent in proportion to its fitness evaluation.
		As we saw from the lectures, the problem with roulette wheel selection is that one member can dominate all the others and get selected a high proportion of times.
		In effect, potential parents are selected and a tournament is held to decide which of the individuals will be the parent.
	www.cs.nott.ac.uk /~gxk/courses/g5baim/004ga/GA05-populationmod.html (1033 words)

	Evolutionary Algorithms: Principles, Methods and Algorithms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		This technique is analogous to a roulette wheel with each slice proportional in size to the fitness, see figure 3.
		The first step is the selection of the first half of the mating population uniform at random (or using one of the other mentioned selection algorithms, for example, stochastic universal sampling or truncation selection).
		Thus, the selection methods will be compared on the parameters loss of diversity (figure 11) and selections variance (figure 12) on the selection intensity.
	www.systemtechnik.tu-ilmenau.de /~pohlheim/GA_Toolbox/algselct.html (1864 words)

	Genetic Algorithm
		Solutions, which are selected to construct new solutions (offspring), are selected according to their fitness - the fitter they are, the more chances they can have for reproduction.
		Roulette wheel selection may run into problems when the fitness between chromosomes differs very much.
		For example, if the fittest chromosome occupies 90% of the entire roulette wheel, other chromosomes will have very little chance to be selected.
	www.bridgeport.edu /sed/projects/449/Fall_2000/fangmin/chapter4.htm (1041 words)

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	Roulette Wheel Selection - Blackjack RU (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		… Roulette wheel selection tries to select as many copies of the individual as it corresponds to its fitness.
		The chromosomes are selected using a weighted roulette wheel.
		… are roulette wheel selection, Boltzman selection, tournament selection, … thrown in the roulette wheel and the chromosome where it stops is selected.
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	Evolutionary Algorithms 3 Selection
		This technique is analogous to a roulette wheel with each slice proportional in size to the fitness, see figure.
		In tournament selection [GD91] a number Tour of individuals is chosen randomly from the population and the best individual from this group is selected as parent.
		Thus, the selection methods will be compared on the parameters loss of diversity (figure ) and selections variance (figure ) on the selection intensity.
	www.geatbx.com /docu/algindex-02.html (1749 words)

	Selection Functions
		It appears that the traditional way to do this is to use "roulette wheel selection"--each bug gets a slice of the wheel in proportion to its fitness, the wheel is spun, and the bug associated with the point where the wheel ended up is gets to breed.
		My problem with roulette wheel selection is that it offers no real control over the distribution of the expected number of offspring.
		For example, if all the bugs (or "solutions", etc.) are equally fit, then there is an e^-1 chance (approx 36%) that a bug will not be selected at all.
	www.swarm.org /pipermail/modelling/2000-May/002580.html (193 words)

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	Selection Functions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		On Fri, 5 May 2000, Michael Stillwell wrote: > I'm working on a GA-like system in which the probability that a bug is > chosen to breed is related to its fitness.
		It appears that the > traditional way to do this is to use "roulette wheel selection"--each > bug gets a slice of the wheel in proportion to its fitness, the wheel > is spun, and the bug associated with the point where the wheel ended > up is gets to breed.
		My problem with roulette wheel > selection is that it offers no real control over the distribution of > the expected number of offspring.
	www.swarm.org /pipermail/modelling/2000-May/002581.html (288 words)

	Intro to GAs : P014.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The selection method determines how individuals are chosed for mating.
		If you use a selection method that picks only the best individual, then the population will quickly converge to that individual.
		Some of the more common methods include roulette wheel selection (the likliehood of picking an individual is proportional to the individual's score), tournament selection (a number of individuals are picked using roulette wheel selection, then the best of these is (are) chosen for mating), and rank selection (pick the best individual every time).
	lancet.mit.edu /~mbwall/presentations/IntroToGAs/P014.html (112 words)

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	roulette-wheel selection - The Virtools Swap-Meet Forums (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		This code is very general and will obviously not compile, it illustrates the basic structure of a selection algorithm, since i have no experience with coding and vsl in general i could really use some help here.
		Would be great if you could compile this for me, cause i tried it with standard BB's and that works ok for a static situation.
		just have a test inside the loop that will 'select' a path if the probability is above the random value.
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