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Topic: Rous sarcoma virus

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Rous sarcoma virus

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	Virology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Today it is believed that most viruses are relatively benign in their natural host; the lethal viral diseases are explained as resulting from an "accidental" jump of the virus from a species in which it is benign to a new one that is not accustomed to it (see zoonosis).
		Such an oncovirus in chickens was described by Francis Peyton Rous in 1911; it was later called Rous sarcoma virus 1 and understood to be a retrovirus.
		In 1963, the Hepatitis B virus was discovered by Baruch Blumberg who went on to construct a vaccine against Hepatitis B. In 1965, Howard Temin described the first retrovirus: a RNA-virus that was able to insert its genome in the form of DNA into the host's genome.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Virology (2280 words)

	McGraw-Hill AccessScience: Rous sarcoma (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Although the virus cannot be demonstrated in the tumors in foreign species, transfer of the tumors back to the chick results in reappearance of the active virus.
		It was found that the Rous virus by itself was incapable of bringing about this change but needed another closely related virus of the avian leukosis group to act as a "helper" for the production of the foci.
		Thus the Rous virus is known as a "defective" virus in that it is incapable of producing tumors by itself.
	www.accessscience.com /Encyclopedia/5/59/Est_594700_frameset.html (250 words)

	BookRags: Peyton Rous Biography
		Francis Peyton Rous was born in 1879, in Baltimore, Maryland, to Charles Rous, a grain exporter, and Frances Wood, the daughter of a Texas judge.
		Now called the Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) and classed as an RNA retrovirus, it remains a prototype of animal tumor viruses and a favorite laboratory model for studying the role of genes in cancer.
		Rous eventually ceased his research on this project due to the technical complexities involved with pursuing the interaction of viral and environmental factors.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/peyton-rous-wob (725 words)

	The Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV)
		The tumor was a sarcoma, a tumor of connective tissue.
		The Rous sarcoma virus is a retrovirus (as is HIV, the virus that causes AIDS).
		Rous was 87 at the time and fortunate to have lived to see his work honored.
	home.comcast.net /~john.kimball1/BiologyPages/R/RSV.html (1125 words)

	Stoltzfus Publications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Cloning and nucleotide sequences of cDNAs spanning the splice junctions of Rous sarcoma virus mRNAs.
		Multiple regions in the Rous sarcoma virus src gene intron act in cis to affect the accumulation of unspliced RNA.
		Rous sarcoma virus direct repeat cis element exert effects at several points in the virus life cycle.
	www.medicine.uiowa.edu /microbiology/publications/stoltzfus.htm (976 words)

	Injection-Site Sarcoma - PetPlace.com
		Post-vaccinal sarcomas are very rare but may occur in cats as a consequence of an overzealous inflammatory or immune system reaction to the vaccine.
		A sarcoma is a malignant tumor composed of cells derived from connective tissue.
		An injection-site sarcoma is suspected based on a history of vaccination (or other injection) in the location on the cat’s body in which the tumor has been identified.
	www.petplace.com /cats/injection-site-sarcoma/page1.aspx (1099 words)

	AIDS: An Explosion of the Biological Time-bomb (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Similar investigation of RSV requirements were conducted by Martin (1970) [5] Interestingly, Temin (1971) investigated the ability of blood serum to stimulate multiplication of not-DNA-synthesizing chicken cells [6] and Balk (1971) reported that the mineral calcium worked to regulate growth of normal chicken cells but not virus-transformed chicken cells in a blood-containing culture medium [7].
		Still other investigations of mouse sarcoma included study of cell surface antigens and sarcoma virus release in Moloney lymphoma hybrid cells [30] and the retention of antigen specificity of sarcoma viruses that were grown in hamster cells [31].
		Segments of RNA rich in aldenylic acid were detected in mouse sarcoma cells [32] and a rat-tropic helper virus from Moloney sarcoma virus was isolated [33].
	facweb.bhc.edu /eastcampus/leeb/aids/biow8.html (8117 words)

	Vogt Publication List
		Vogt, P.K. and Rubin, H. (1962) The cytology of Rous sarcoma virus infection.
		Hakomori, S.-I., Wyke, J.A. and Vogt, P.K. (1977) Glycolipids of chick embryo fibroblasts infected with temperature-sensitive mutants of avian sarcoma viruses.
		Troesch, C. and Vogt, P.K. (1985) An endogenous virus from Lophortyx quail is the prototype for envelope subgroup I of avian retroviruses.
	www.scripps.edu /mem/oncovir/vogt/PublicationPage/FullListPubs.html (6592 words)

	rous sarcoma virus - treating sarcoma (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Rous sarcoma virus was discovered in 1911 by Peyton Rous, by injecting cell free extract of chicken tumour into healthy chickens.
		Rous sarcoma virus - definition of Rous sarcoma virus in the...
		By the use of new methods for assaying in vitro Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) and Rous sarcoma cells and for isolating the progeny of single particles of RSV,...
	www.sarcoma-answers.info /grade-3-sarcoma/rous-sarcoma-virus.php (504 words)

	Production of env-deficient rous sarcoma virus (RSV) early after infection.
		RSV harvested 2 days post infection (2pi) had 10 to 30 times lower specific infectivity (focus forming units/unit reverse transcriptase activity) than 5pi harvest.
		RSV RNA in infected cells was spliced normally on day 2.
		We conclude that the low infectivity of early harvest is due to the reduced amount of env proteins in virus particles, which is a consequence of the reduced env protein synthesis.
	www.aegis.com /aidsline/1997/sep/M9791118.html (428 words)

	Nikon MicroscopyU: Fluorescence Microscopy Digital Image Gallery - Normal African Green Monkey Kidney Fibroblast Cells ...
		RSV was discovered in 1911 by Peyton Rous, an American scientist who provided the first evidence that a virus could be oncogenic through an experiment in which he induced cancer in an otherwise healthy chicken by injecting it with a cell-free extract derived from the cancerous tumor of a hen.
		Nevertheless, the possibility that a virus could cause cancer was received with significant skepticism, but further research clearly confirmed the plausibility of Rous's views, and more than half a century later, Rous's work with RSV earned him the Nobel Prize for Medicine.
		Investigations of RSV, now known to be a retrovirus comprised of only four genes, is ongoing and may one day help lead to a cure for some types of cancer.
	www.microscopyu.com /galleries/fluorescence/cells/cv1/cv1.html (612 words)

	Synovial Sarcoma: Questions and Answers - National Cancer Institute
		Synovial sarcoma is a rare type of soft tissue sarcoma that occurs mostly in young adults (see Questions 1 and 2).
		Although synovial sarcoma does not have a clearly defined cause, genetic factors are believed to influence the development of this disease.
		Synovial sarcoma occurs mostly in young adults, with a median age of 26.5 (1).
	www.cancer.gov /cancertopics/factsheet/Sites-Types/synovial (873 words)

	Publications by Year
		VOGT, P.K. and RUBIN, H. The cytology of Rous sarcoma virus infection.
		HAKOMORI, S.-I., WYKE, J.A., and VOGT, P.K. Glycolipids of chick embryo fibroblasts infected with temperature-sensitive mutants of avian sarcoma viruses.
		TROESCH, C. and VOGT, P.K. An endogenous virus from Lophortyx quail is the prototype for envelope subgroup I of avian retroviruses.
	www.scripps.edu /mem/oncovir/vogt/Publications_year.htm (6766 words)

	RNA Tumour Viruses
		A second "helper virus" infects the cell to enable this RNA to be packaged into a virion particle.
		Hepatitis C virus was identified in 1989 as the cause on 90% of non-A non- B hepatitis infections.
		This virus is the cause of ovine pulmonary carcinoma.
	www-micro.msb.le.ac.uk /3035/Trans2.html (3165 words)

	[No title]
		Peyton Rous began working with the group of avian retroviruses that became known as Rous Sarcoma Virus in 1909 and stopped in 1915, long before sucrose density gradient centrifugation was used by Crawford and Crawford to "purify" a sample of that virus to the Perth group's satisfaction in 1961.
		The M. MSV in this title refers to the Moloney strain of murine sarcoma virus, which is replication defective due to loss of viral genome regions which were replaced by the mos oncogene (a serine/threonine kinase family member).
		I would therefor suspect that the "pure virus" in the 1973 paper might be a mixture of both the helper and Moloney MSV viruses.
	www.rethinking.org /bmj/response_33660.html (663 words)

	Subcellular Localization and Integration Activities of Rous Sarcoma Virus Reverse Transcriptase -- Werner et al. 76 ...
		A Rous sarcoma virus provirus is flanked by short direct repeats of a cellular DNA sequence present in only one copy prior to integration.
		Rous sarcoma virus infection of synchronized cells establishes provirus integration during S-phase DNA synthesis prior to cellular division.
		RNA-dependent DNA polymerase in virions of Rous sarcoma virus.
	jvi.asm.org /cgi/content/full/76/12/6205 (6135 words)

	Retroposon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Such genes are called retrogenes and represent a certain type of retroposons.
		A classical event is the retroposition of a spliced pre-mRNA molecule of the c-scr gene into the proviral ancestor of the Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV).
		The retroposed c-src pre-mRNA still contained a single intron and within RSV is now referred to as v-src gene.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Retroposon (176 words)

	Sarcoma Treatment Center (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The Center for Sarcoma and Bone Oncology has dedicated specialty expertise in the pathologic and radiologic assessment of sarcoma, the application of novel soft-tissue and bone reconstructive techniques permitting limb salvage, and access to the most promising new therapies for these malignancies.
		Patients with sarcoma often require a combination of surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy to maximize functional results, improve local control, and optimize overall survival.
		In addition to multidisciplinary care, members of the Sarcoma Program are currently involved in a broad range of cutting edge treatment strategies for both soft tissue and bone malignancies, resulting in reduced recurrence rates and improved outcomes for patients.
	www.dfci.harvard.edu /pat/adult/sarcoma (166 words)

	Penn State Infectious Diseases Research
		We use retroviruses as a model system to dissect molecular mechanisms of virus replication, which has led us to study the intracellular trafficking pathways of retroviral proteins and cellular factors that are recruited to facilitate virus propagation.
		The main structural proteins of the oncogenic retrovirus Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) are the Gag proteins, which are initially synthesized as a polyprotein precursor.
		The assembling virus particles are targeted to the plasma membrane where they interact with cellular machinery to allow budding of nascent virions.
	www.hmc.psu.edu /infectiousdiseases/research/parent.htm (598 words)

	CpG island protects Rous sarcoma virus-derived vectors integrated into nonpermissive cells from DNA methylation and ...
		Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) is an avian retrovirus that does not replicate in mammalian host cells.
		and, similarly, the incidence of in vivo sarcomas in hamsters
		RSV is a very suitable tool for these studies.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/98/2/565 (3367 words)

	Why all the chickens?
		Both of these viruses were shown to have RNA rather than DNA as their genetic material and therefore became known as "RNA tumor viruses".
		In the late 1950s Temin and Rubin showed that such viruses could be quantitatively studied in cell cultures-- Rous sarcoma virus could cause cancer-like foci of "transformation" in a dish of normal chicken cells.
		Evidence from several laboratories in the 1970s demonstrated that Rous sarcoma virus had an "extra" gene which was not required for viral growth, but was required for oncogenic transformation.
	www.stanford.edu /group/lipsick/chickens.htm (543 words)

	Characterization of the LDL-A module mutants of Tva, the subgroup A Rous sarcoma virus receptor, and the implications ...
		Characterization of the LDL-A module mutants of Tva, the subgroup A Rous sarcoma virus receptor, and the implications in protein folding -- Wang et al.
		Rong, L. and Bates, P. Analysis of the subgroup A avian sarcoma and leukosis virus receptor: The 40-residue, cysteine-rich, low-density lipoprotein receptor repeat motif of Tva is sufficient to mediate viral entry.
		Characterization of determinants for envelope binding and infection in Tva, the subgroup A avian sarcoma and leukosis virus receptor.
	www.proteinscience.org /cgi/content/full/11/11/2596 (5079 words)

	Cancer Caused by Dormant Oncogenes
		Working with the Rous sarcoma virus, known to cause cancer in chickens, Bishop and Varmus found that a gene similar to the cancer-causing gene within the virus was also present in healthy cells.
		After the virus had infected the cell and begun its usual process of replication, it incorporated the gene into its own genetic material.
		So did Francis Peyton Rous, who became famous after proving a theory about the cause of cancer that was considered ludicrous at the time.
	www.ellengwhite.info /cancer_varmus_bishop.htm (458 words)

	Volker Vogt Faculty Profile
		The major research focus in our lab is the structure and assembly of retroviruses, with the avian sarcoma and leukemia viruses (ASLV, prototype Rous sarcoma virus) as the primary model system.
		Ma YM and Vogt VM (2002) Rous sarcoma virus Gag protein – oligonucleotide interaction suggests a critical role for protein dimer formation in assembly.
		Ma YM and Vogt VM (2004) Formation of Gag dimers in the assembly of Rous sarcoma virus particles in vitro.
	www.mbg.cornell.edu /MBG_Faculty_Detail.cfm?id=30 (694 words)

	VIRUS&CANCER
		Generally virus genomes are very compact (i.e., there is little RNA or DNA that does not encode proteins).
		A virus may contain an additional gene, called an oncogene, which induces the cancerous growth phenotype in the host cell (e.g., Rous sarcoma virus of chickens contains an oncogene called v-src, for viral sarcoma(-causing) gene, Fig.
		The mechanisms by which hepatitis B virus and herpesviruses (e.g., Epstein Barr virus) cause cancer are not yet well understood.
	www.msu.edu /course/lbs/149h/VIRUS&CANCER.HTML (2665 words)

	Efficient polyadenylation of Rous sarcoma virus RNA requires the negative regulator of splicing element -- Fogel et al. ...
		The RSV genome is shown with the relative positions of the long terminal repeats (LTRs) and the gag, pol, env and src genes shown (not to scale).
		RSV DNA segments were from the Prague C strain (28) using the
		to the NRS in the context of the mut-AT mutant impairs RSV polyadenylation.
	nar.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/30/3/810 (6104 words)

	Apria - resources - News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The C-terminal of TSG101 blocks Rous sarcoma virus budding.
		"Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) and murine leukemia virus (MLV) Gag proteins are selectively recruited to these structures, but HIV type 1 Gag is completely excluded," the authors said.
		Johnson and colleagues published their study in the Journal of Virology (The C-terminal half of TSG101 blocks rous sarcoma virus budding and sequesters Gag into unique nonendosomal structures.
	www.apria.com /resources/0,2725,494-324951,00.html (436 words)

	Landmark discovery of a Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus receptor
		Kaposi's sarcoma is a major cancer associated with HIV/AIDS, and it typically manifests as multiple purple-hued skin lesions.
		This suggests that the virus may facilitate its own infectivity and dissemination in the body by inducing a physiological state that results in increased numbers of its own receptor.
		But then at the dawn of the AIDS pandemic in the early 1980s, the small purplish Kaposi's sarcoma skin lesions began appearing on the bodies of young American men, many of whom went on to develop opportunistic infections.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2006-04/nioa-ldo040606.php (742 words)

	Role of the gag polyprotein precursor in packaging and maturation of Rous sarcoma virus genomic RNA.
		Role of the gag polyprotein precursor in packaging and maturation of Rous sarcoma virus genomic RNA.
		Rous sarcoma virus nucleocapsid protein (NC) has been shown by site-directed mutagenesis to be involved in viral RNA packaging and in the subsequent maturation of genomic RNA in the progeny viral particles.
		To investigate whether NC exerts these activities as a free protein or as a domain of the polyprotein precursor Pr76gag, we have constructed several mutants unable to process Pr76gag and analyzed their properties in a transient-transfection assay of chicken embryo fibroblasts, the natural host of Rous sarcoma virus.
	www.aegis.com /aidsline/1991/mar/M9130042.html (467 words)

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