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Topic: Routing in the PSTN

Related Topics

Routing

Administrative distance

Public switched telephone network

Intelligent network

Pulse code modulation

SONET

Telecommunication

	VoIP - Voice over IP
		Routing and re-routing of call data is easier, and quicker.
		There is a system in place, ENUM, for the translation of traffic destined for a PSTN telephone number to an alternative internet route.
		Calls to the PSTN have to be paid for by us, and we do that using the revenue generated by the community in our outbound "pot".
	www.voipuser.org /voip.html (928 words)

	Routing - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Routing directs forwarding, the passing of logically addressed packets from their source toward their ultimate destination through intermediary nodes (called routers).
		Routing differs from bridging in its assumption that address-structures imply the proximity of similar addresses within the network, thus allowing a single routing-table entry to represent the route to a group of addresses.
		Routed protocol : Any network protocol that provides enough information in its network layer address to allow a packet to be forwarded from one host to another host based on the addressing scheme, without knowing the entire path from source to destination.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Routing (1217 words)

	Routing
		Routing is the means by which logically addressed packets are forwarded from their local subnetwork toward their ultimate destination.
		Routing occurs at layer 3 of the OSI seven-layer model.
		Traditional IP routing is simple because it uses next-hop routing where the router only needs to consider where it sends the packet, and does not need to consider the subsequent path of the packet on the remaining hops.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ro/Routing.html (466 words)

	Routing in the PSTN - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Each call that is to be routed contains a destination number that has two parts, a prefix which generally identifies the geographical location of the destination telephone, and a number unique within that prefix that determines the precise destination.
		The exchange uses pre-computed routing tables, which are generated by batch processing at central locations based on the known topology of the network, the numbering plan, and analysis of traffic data.
		Routing decisions are an important part of this process as they determine which channels or circuits are used to connect the customers for the duration of the call.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Routing_in_the_PSTN (464 words)

	Selective fax routing through the internet - Patent 6058169
		For internal routing, the preferred operation would be the same as for external routing, except that the fax server 35 would dial the far end server rather than send a data message through the external network.
		Using the route selected either by operation 91 or operation 92, the message transfer function of operation 83 is performed as described previously followed by the billing reportage function of operation 84.
		If special routing is not specified in the caller's profile, a route is selected in accordance with local telco defaults (operation 117) and a digital message is sent via that route to the far end telco fax server for the local area containing the called site (operation 118).
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6058169.html (5732 words)

	Capacity Management and Routing Policies for Voice over IP Traffic
		The design of capacity planning, routing, and resource management mechanisms that are suited to the requirements of telephony traffic has been very well addressed in the realm of the circuit-switched networks that have traditionally carried telephone traffic [1].
		The routing of VLLs over the underlying IP network is along the shortest path, as measured by the hop count, between the two switches.
		Similarly, when using one of the alternate path routing algorithms, such as STT or SDR, a call is admitted when there is adequate capacity on either the direct path or any of the alternate two-hop paths, consisting of two VLLs interconnecting the ingress and egress gateways.
	www.comsoc.org /~ni/private/2000/mar/Mishra.html (5879 words)

	DomainsAreFree - Definition of Routing
		Routing is a core concept of the Internet and many other networks.
		Routing provides the means of forwarding logically addressed packets from their local subnetwork toward their ultimate destination.
		A routing metric consists of any value used by routing algorithms to determine whether one route is superior to another.
	www.domainsarefree.com /glossary/Routing.html (544 words)

	[No title]
		In the legacy network, PSTN service providers are responsible for maintaining the ECC mapping database and, of course, the configuration data in their switches.
		The PSTN gateway provides the latter directly and, depending on whether it is part of a public or private network, at least indicates the calling party number through its choice of outgoing trunk circuit.
		This means that PSTN gateways and intermediate SIP entities must be prepared to recognize both the universal emergency SIP URI and the local emergency number expressed as a tel: or sip:/sips: URI.
	www.cs.columbia.edu /sip/drafts/sipping/draft-taylor-sipping-emerg-scen-00.txt (5751 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The TC is used to route the call to the switching system(s) serving the geographic region and also to derive the tariff from the distance between the originating and termination end-point.
		As long as the problems of user location and the routing of emergency calls is not solved, it is not recommended to provide routing to national emergency services, but this may be implemented later if the numbers 112 and 911 are reserved from the beginning.
		Routing of calls to E.164 numbers terminating on VoIP Stastny Expires - April 2004 [Page 36] Draft-stastny-enum-numbering-voip-00.txt October 2003 7.1 Routing on the PSTN In principle routing on the PSTN/ISDN is done via digit analysis.
	www.faqs.org /ftp/pub/internet-drafts/draft-stastny-enum-numbering-voip-00.txt (13593 words)

	Convergent Networks \| Solutions \| ICSP Service Proxy
		The ICSP is also able to route calls from a packet network to the PSTN and from the PSTN to a packet network, directing the call processing through the most efficient path in a large, distributed network.
		PSTN endpoints on the ICS2000 media gateway are represented by the ICSP to applications as a set of fully managed SIP endpoints.
		For calls originating from the PSTN and terminating in the packet network, the ICSP performs a route translation to determine which application element is managing the terminating endpoint.
	www.convergentnet.com /icsp.html (970 words)

	ietf-enum-pstn-05.txt
		Other numbers, which are not ported, and which can be routed directly on the PSTN based on the dialed number, are typically assigned to carriers and other entities in large blocks or pools.
		In this example, a Routing Number (rn) and a Number Portability Dip Indicator (npdi) are used as shown in draft-ietf-iptel-tel-np-10 [10].
		IANA Considerations This document registers the 'pstn' Enumservice type and the subtype "tel" and "sip" under the Enumservice registry described in the IANA considerations in RFC 3761.
	ietfreport.isoc.org /idref/draft-ietf-enum-pstn (2632 words)

	[No title]
		In a particular routing method, the set of routes assignable to the connection request may be altered according to a certain route alteration rule.
		Thus, traffic is routed sequentially from path to path, and the route is allowed to change from hour to hour to achieve the preplanned dynamic, or time varying, nature of the TDR method.
		PNNI Routing Example If the first path is blocked at any of the links in the path, or overflows or is excessively delayed at any of the queues in the path, a crankback message is returned to the OS which can then attempt the next path.
	www.ietf.org /proceedings/99mar/I-D/draft-ash-itu-sg2-qos-routing-00.txt (12408 words)

	Fall 2005 VON - brought to you by pulver.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The Telcordia“ VoIP Routing Registry, currently in trials at Tier 1 carriers and cable operators, paves the way for wireline, wireless and cable operators to cost effectively offer IMS-enabled converged services over IP networks, such as multimedia and video services.
		Telcordia’s VoIP Routing Registry provides a mechanism to centrally administer IP routing data so that VoIP calls can be efficiently routed over an IP network, providing carriers with an opportunity to dramatically reduce operational costs and significantly improve call quality.
		Telcordia VoIP Routing Registry is one of the first solutions being introduced as part of Telcordia’s IMS portfolio, which is helping carriers transform their businesses and is changing the way consumers and businesses communicate.
	www.von.com /fall05/press/telcordia.htm (501 words)

	BT selects Alcatel IP service routing solution for PSTN transformation trial
		Alcatel today announced that its service routing and management solution has been chosen by BT to provide IP/Ethernet switching as part of the carrier's 21st Century Network (21CN) PSTN transformation trial which will pilot voice services over a dedicated IP network.
		From October 2004, as part of a trial, calls that are currently circuit-switched over the PSTN network will be carried as packets within an IP environment for 1 000, then later 4 000, customers.
		BT's PSTN transformation trial will use the Alcatel 7750 Service Router (7750 SR) to meet the operational challenges of maintaining the required quality of service for packetised voice and data across multiple virtual private networks (VPNs).
	www.itweb.co.za /office/alcatel/0407150754.htm (599 words)

	[No title]
		However, the long-term experience on both the PSTN and the Internet is that forcing users to identify particular routes or particular gateways causes serious user troubles and even more severe difficulties in designing, maintaining, and operating a secure, reliable, and robust network.
		From the PSTN origination side, ENUM is not needed and may be too complicated.
		So, while ENUM can be used in routing from the PSTN to the Internet, it is not necessary and may not be desirable.
	www.aptsec.org /meetings/2003/workshop/inf/INF04_APT-Klensin-ENUM.doc (822 words)

	Patton Electronics SmartNode 4110 VoIP ToIP Gateway Access Device SN4112 SN4114 SN4116 SN4118
		With its FXS analog ports the SN4110 connects to any legacy telephone or PBX and provides dial-tone, ringing, and caller-ID. When equipped with FXO ports, the local PSTN can be accessed enabling local calling and enhanced toll-bypass applications while using a single connected telephone.
		The extensions can be managed centrally and benefit from PBX services such as calling groups, least cost routing, and call forwarding.
		PSTN access allows local calls to be processed without using corporate remote PBX resources.
	www.data-connect.com /Patton_SN4110.htm (628 words)

	Voxilla :: All VoIP . . . All the Time (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The key to your issue is to verify that the VoIP to PSTN Gateway functionality is configured as per the wizard.
		I can place a call from the line1 phone through the 3k's pstn (#before the number) while the asterisk box is attempting a call through the same 3k pstn.
		Under the PSTN Line tab, under VoIP Users and Passwords, there should be an entry for asterisk under VoIP User 1 Auth ID. There is a dial plan setting for this user.
	voxilla.com /PNphpBB2-viewtopic-t-3782.html (1524 words)

	Routing protocols
		The job of a router is to connect two different networks, this is where routing comes into picture, a routing process includes sendig and recieving packets between different networks in a efficient manner.
		PIM sparse mode and dense mode—Protocol-Independent Multicast is a multicast routing protocol.
		RSVP itself is not a routing protocol; it operates with current and future unicast and multicast routing protocols.
	www.firewall.cx /ftopict-2719.html (1262 words)

	Toll Free 800, Domain Name, and ENUM Industry News and Information
		However, the long-term experience on both the PSTN and the Internet is that forcing users to identify particular routes or particular gateways causes serious user troubles and even more severe difficulties in designing, maintaining, and operating a secure, reliable, and robust network.
		From the PSTN origination side, ENUM is not needed and may be too complicated.
		So, while ENUM can be used in routing from the PSTN to the Internet, it is not necessary and may not be desirable.
	www.icbtollfree.com /article_free.cfm?articleId=5883 (954 words)

	Enum
		Carriers map TNs to internal network addresses to enable call routing and features; these addresses are not publicly available.
		The calling party would designate the services its number would use, and the called party would also have specified which ENUM service they wish to have used to be contacted.
		It is a serious problem in the PSTN, and we must be careful not to expect more from Internet services than we are able to guarantee elsewhere.
	www.enum.org /faq.html (3346 words)

	TRIP: Telephony Routing over IP Overview (RFC 3219)
		Telephony Routing over IP (TRIP) is a policy driven inter-administrative domain protocol for advertising the reachability of telephony destinations between location servers, and for advertising attributes of the routes to those destinations.
		LSs exchange sufficient routing information to construct a graph of ITAD connectivity so that routing loops may be prevented.
		In addition, TRIP can be used to exchange attributes necessary to enforce policies and to select routes based on path or gateway characteristics.
	www.javvin.com /protocolTRIP.html (540 words)

	BT selects Alcatel IP service routing solution for PSTN transformation trial
		From October 2004, as part of a trial, calls that are currently circuit-switched over the PSTN network will be carried as packets within an IP environment for 1,000, then later 4,000, live customers.
		BT's PSTN transformation trial will use the Alcatel 7750 Service Router (7750 SR) to meet the operational challenges of maintaining the required Quality of Service for packetized voice and data across multiple virtual private networks (VPNs).
		The 7750 SR is a next-generation service delivery platform that has already demonstrated significant traction with service providers in Europe, Asia and North America.
	www.home.alcatel.com /vpr/archive.nsf/DateKey/06072004uk (608 words)

	Appendix A: SS7 Technology Overview
		SS7 is used between the PSTN switches; replacing per-trunk, in-band signaling.
		Typically, SS7 is implemented on a separate data network within the PSTN and provides call setup and teardown, network management, fault resolution, and traffic management services.
		The signaling points use routing information in the SS7 signals to transfer calls to their final destinations.
	www.cisco.com /univercd/cc/td/doc/product/access/sc/rel7/soln/voip11/tvov11/app_a.htm (709 words)

	Introduction to SER (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Real-world deployments actually ask for quite complex routing logic, which needs to reflect static routes to PSTN gateways, dynamic routes to registered users, authentication policy, capabilities of SIP devices, etc.
		SER's answer to this need for routing flexibility is a routing language, which allows administrators to define the SIP request processing logic in a detailed manner.
		An example is routing to a PSTN gateway whose static IP address is well known.
	www.iptel.org /ser/doc/prerelease/c205.html (362 words)

	An Overview of Cisco IP Communications > Regions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		If AAR is properly configured, then instead of rejecting calls when the bandwidth between locations is oversubscribed, if the dialed destination has a PSTN number, CallManager automatically redials it to send the call to the local branch gateway for routing the call over the public network.
		To configure fallback through the PSTN, you must configure the route plan to choose an alternate route if the gatekeeper rejects the call attempt.
		When CallManager selects this alternate route, it transforms the dialed digits to the destination's address as seen from the PSTN's point of view and offers the call to the PSTN gateway.
	www.informit.com /articles/article.asp?p=426635&seqNum=3 (978 words)

	A C M E P A C K E T
		Acme Packet Net-Net routes each session to the correct gateway to minimize PSTN termination charges and assures SLA performance by distributing calls to the least-loaded available gateway, protecting against failure and overload.
		If there is more than one path to a destination, Net-Net can also perform optimal SIP routing based upon the session's QoS requirements.
		The dynamic, automatic exchange of session routing information within and between networks using TRIP eliminates all configuration and synchronization burdens.
	www.acmepacket.com /html/page.asp?PageID={CA452B85-1C93-4C16-AAD2-EAD0FFEFFA0D} (1041 words)

	StarVox Releases VoIP Business Trunking With VPN 2.5 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		This ability to dynamically discriminate in routing decisions provides flexibility in multiple carrier call handling, and allows the service provider to support several business models on the same telephony platform.
		PSTN Gateway Flexible Routing, which distributes call traffic among multiple gateways and re-routes calls that encounter congestion, out-of-service gateways, or other failures;
		Forced On-Net, which routes PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) dialed calls through a service provider's VoIP network, when the dialed number is a destination on the same network, thus avoiding PSTN call termination charges;
	www.callcentermagazine.com /shared/printableArticle.jhtml?articleID=8706910 (297 words)

	[Vocal] Re: SIP-PSTN
		Could you please tell me how do i need to configure the dial plan >and which dial plan to use, IP Dial plan or the digital dial plana nd what >is its difference.
		The simplest configuration to begin with is to use an access code, say 9, for all calls to the PSTN.
		You can add an entry in the digital plan with the regular expression key "^sip:9*" and contact sip URL of a gateway marshal.
	www.vovida.org /pipermail/vocal/2001-July/001731.html (757 words)

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