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| | Introduction to Gentleman's Clubs, London |
 | | Although the clubs were enormously popular with upper-class London males in the nineteenth century, they had actually originated much earlier, some believe with White's, which began as a chocolate house in 1693 and had such famous members as Pope, Swift, Steele, and Gray. |
 | | Among the political clubs in the Victorian period were the Reform Club, an institution of the Liberals with a name relating to the famous Reform Act of 1832, the Conservative, and the Carlton founded by the Duke of Wellington in 1832. |
 | | The clubs were generally furnished in an austere "bachelor" style, foregoing the "feminine" clutter of the typical Victorian house. |
| www.bluffton.edu /~sullivanm/england/london/clubsintro/intro.html (458 words) |
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