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Topic: Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism

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	Bilingualism and Biculturalism, Royal Commission on
		The commission was established in response to the growing unrest among French Canadians in Québec, who called for the protection of their language and culture and the opportunity to participate fully in political and economic decision making.
		A royal commission to examine Québec's dissatisfaction had first been suggested by the editor in chief of Le Devoir, André LAURENDEAU, and it was established later under Prime Minister Lester B. Laurendeau and A. Davidson DUNTON were appointed cochairmen of the commission.
		Institutional bilingualism at the federal level became a fact with the passing of the OFFICIAL LANGUAGES ACT (1969) and the appointment of a Commissioner of Official Languages.
	www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com /index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0000741 (571 words)

	Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism
		The Commission was jointly chaired by André Laurendeau, publisher of Le Devoir, and Davidson Dunton, president of Carleton University.
		Ten commissioners representing each of the provinces were also included in the commission as areas such as education were provincial responsibilities.
		The Commission and its recommendations were strongly supported by both the Progressive Conservatives and the NDP, but the Tories did have concerns with the costly implementation of the reforms.
	www.xasa.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/r/ro/royal_commission_on_bilingualism_and_biculturalism.html (346 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Bilingualism in Canada (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism was a Canadian royal commission established on July 19, 1963, by the government of Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson to inquire into and report upon the existing state of bilingualism and biculturalism in Canada and to recommend what steps should be taken to...
		Bilingualism in Canada refers to laws and policies of the federal government – and some other levels of government – mandating that certain services and communications be available to the public in both English and French.
		Support for bilingualism appears to be strongest in the area known as the bilingual belt, covering parts of Ontario, Manitoba, western Quebec and Montreal, and the areas of the Maritimes, and weakest in western Canada, though there are supporters and opponents in every part of the country.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Bilingualism-in-Canada (5103 words)

	Biculturalism
		The commission concluded that the term referred to the existence in Canada of 2 principal cultures - that associated with the English language and that associated with the French.
		Its function was to examine the state of each of the 2 cultures, and the opportunity for each to exist and flourish; and also the set of conditions that would enable members of the 2 cultures to co-operate effectively.
		Members of the commission rejected the notion that culture was determined by ethnic descent.
	www.canadianencyclopedia.ca /index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0000725 (937 words)

	Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The perceived failure of Canada to establish the equality of the English and French languages within governmental institutions is one of main reasons for the rise of the Quebec secessionist movement.
		As a result it was sometimes known as the Laurendeau-Dunton commission, in addition to "B and B".
		The Commission recommended sweeping changes when its final report was published in 1969, some 4 years after the publication of its preliminary report in February of 1965.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Royal_Commission_on_Bilingualism_and_Biculturalism (453 words)

	Royal Commission: (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The term Royal Commission may also be used in the United Kingdom to describe the group of Lords Commissioners who may act in the stead of the Sovereign to grant Royal Assent to legislation passed by Parliament.
		In the Republic of Ireland, a Commission of Enquiry is similarly organised.
		Royal Commission of Inquiry on the Blood System in Canada ("The Krever Commission") (1995–1997)—investigated blood bank and screening protocol after citizens contracted HIV and Hepatitis C from blood transfusions.
	www.winelib.com /wiki/Royal_Commission (1184 words)

	Austria encyclopedia : Cultural Information , Maps, Austria's politics and officials, Austria's History
		The term Royal Commission may also be used in the United Kingdom to describe the group of Lords Commissioners who may act in the stead of the Sovereign to grant Royal Assent to legislation passed by Parliament.
		Royal Commission of Inquiry in respect of certain matters relating to allegations of organised crime in clubs ("Moffitt Royal Commission") (1973–74) investigated organised crime in New South Wales.
		Royal Commission of Inquiry on the Blood System in Canada ("The Krever Commission") (1995–1997)—investigated blood bank and screening protocol after citizens contracted HIV and Hepatitis C from blood transfusions.
	www.austriaiworld.com /wiki-Royal_Commission (1242 words)

	Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism, commission of the Canadian federal government from 1963 to 1971.
		In the 1960s French Canadians began to demand cultural protection from the government because they feared losing their language and culture to the...
		Called for some deregulation of the rail industry and the creation of the Canadian Transport Commission.
	encarta.msn.com /Royal_Commission_on_Bilingualism_and_Biculturalism.html (224 words)

	rabble columns
		While people associate Trudeau with bilingualism, it was his predecessor, Lester Pearson, who in the summer of 1966 brought forward a white paper outlining plans for a public service able to serve the population in both languages.
		The Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism, headed by André Laurendeau and Davidson Dunton had been established by Pearson as well.
		Bilingualism, or language equality, does not mean everybody can, or should, speak French.
	www.rabble.ca /columnists_full.shtml?x=33638 (869 words)

	The B and B's Grand Inquest
		On July 22, 1963, Prime Minister L. Pearson announced the establishment of a Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism under the direction of André Laurendeau and A. Davidson Dunton.
		The commission's preliminary report, issued in 1965, labeled Canada as a country in trouble, in the midst of its greatest crisis.
		Following directly on the commission's recommendations, the 1969 Official Languages Act gave English and French the same standing in all national institutions, New Brunswick chose to become a bilingual province and Ottawa instituted grants to the provinces for minority language public schools.
	forums.canadiancontent.net /history/61280-b-bs-grand-inquest.html (715 words)

	ISUMA : Reflections on the B&B Commission (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism was established in 1963 in response to increasing tension between Quebec and the rest of Canada.
		In the West, the Commission was perceived primarily as an expression of the preoccupations of Central Canada.
		The notion that promoting bilingualism and biculturalism for Canada was somehow a departure from the sensible and normal practices of states such as France or the United States— an impractical and risky innovation— reflected a basic theoretical conservatism in dealing with matters of language and culture.
	www.isuma.net /v02n02/oliver/oliver_e.shtml (2723 words)

	commission (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Commission on Judicial Conduct - State of Washington The overall goal of the Commission is to maintain confidence and integrity in the judicial system.
		Commission - A commission is the political appointment of a named person to an office of power or authority, in government or in the military.
		Or Commission - The Or Commission was an Israeli panel of inquiry appointed to investigate the issue of Israeli police treatment of Arabs.
	www.serebella.com /search/topic-commission.html (797 words)

	The Official Languages’ Act of Canada - Studies on the Canadian Constitution and Canadian Federalism - Quebec ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Following the recommendations of the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism established in 1964 to investigate the problems of Canadian unity, the government of Pierre E. Trudeau passed, in 1969, Bill C-120 - An Act Respecting the Status of Official Languages in Canada (17-19 Eliz II, c.
		Bilingual districts might be set up in such areas of Canada where the federal government felt that the percentage of population of the official minority might be sufficiently great to warrant the establishment of bilingual services.
		Although initially daring in its proposals, given the history of minority language rightsin Canada and the resistance to bilingualism of segments of the population, the principle of the bill has increasingly received widespread support throughout Canada although its application has come sharply under attack from time to time.
	www2.marianopolis.edu /quebechistory/federal/ola.htm (378 words)

	Bilingualism
		The International Journal of Bilingualism is an international forum for the dissemination of original research on the linguistic, psychological, neurological, and social issues which emerge from language contact.
		Bilingualism is an international peer-reviewed journal focusing on bilingualism from a cognitive science perspective.
		Bilingualism carries articles and research notes on all aspects of the bilingual person, and is published three times a year.
	www.lycos.com /info/bilingualism--languages.html (591 words)

	Laurendeau and Dunton - The Road to Bilingualism - CBC Archives
		Its goal was to study and report on the state of bilingualism and biculturalism.
		Commission members travelled across the country holding meetings with ordinary citizens to determine whether they wanted bilingualism.
		Another Commission goal was to determine whether the languages and cultures of other ethnic groups should be protected.
	archives.cbc.ca /IDC-1-73-655-3624/politics_economy/bilingualism/clip1 (486 words)

	Laurendeau, Andre and Dunton, Davidson, The Work of the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism
		The LaurendeauDunton/Dunton-Laurendeau Commission is notable not only for its composition, or the unique challenges which have been given it, or the significance to Canada of its area Of study, but also because of the remarkable unity in the duality of its chairmen.
		The Commission is different too--in the large number of its members--ten in all; and in the fact that it has two joint secretaries.
		They get special attention as far as we are concerned: first, to the extent that they participate in the use of one of the two main languages and in one of the major culture groups; secondly, to the extent that they wish, in addition, to preserve their own heritage of language and special cultural attributes.
	www.empireclubfoundation.com /details.asp?SpeechID=456&FT=yes (3064 words)

	1971 Trudeau Multiculturalism
		It was the view of the royal commission, shared by the government and, I am sure, by all Canadians, that there cannot be one cultural policy for Canadians of British and French origin, another for the original peoples and yet a third for all others.
		The royal commission was guided by the belief that adherence to one's ethnic group is influenced not so much by one's origin or mother tongue as by one's sense of belonging to the group, and by what the commission calls the group's "collective will to exist." The government shares this belief.
		The very name of the royal commission whose recommendations we now seek to implement tends to indicate that bilingualism and biculturalism are indivisible.
	northernblue.ca /canchan/cantext/speech2/1971ptmu.html (2470 words)

	CBC.ca - The Greatest Canadian - Top Ten Greatest Canadians - Lester B. Pearson
		During his five years in office Pearson oversaw the introduction of the Canada Pension Plan, a national system of universal Medicare, the Commission on bilingualism and biculturalism, and the Maple Leaf Flag.
		He established the Royal Commission on Women that led to sweeping changes in the place and role of women in Canadian society.
		The landmark commission led to government services in both English and French and a place for French Canadians in senior levels of government.
	www.cbc.ca /greatest/top_ten/nominee/pearson-lester.html (1533 words)

	Mapleleafweb.com: Features - Official Bilingualism in Canada - History of Canadian Language Politics
		In 1963, Prime Minister Pearson responded to the growing unrest in Quebec by appointing the Royal and Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism.
		In its preliminary report, the Commission indicated that the basic conflict was between a French-speaking majority inside Quebec, and an English-speaking majority outside Quebec.
		Despite this fact, in its final report the Commission chose not to recommend policies that would promote two unilingual regions, where the primary language in Quebec was French and the primary language in the rest of the country was English.
	www.mapleleafweb.com /features/cultural/bilingualism/history.html (656 words)

	Royal Commission - Gurupedia
		Royal Commissions usually involve research into an issue and consultations with experts both within and outside of government.
		Royal Commission on the Economic Union and Development Prospects for Canada (Macdonald Commission)(1982-1985), looked into Canada's economy and recommended free trade with the US.
		Royal Commission on the Health of the Army (1856-1857) based on Florence Nightingale's reports on medical care during the Crimean War
	www.gurupedia.com /r/ro/royal_commission.htm (277 words)

	Toronto Catalog (Site not responding. Last check: )
		As a result it was sometimes known as the Laurendeau-Dunton commission, in addition to "Bilingualism and Biculturalism".
		The Commission and its recommendations were strongly supported by both the Progressive Conservative Party and the New Democratic Party, but the Tories did have concerns with the costly implementation of the reforms.
		An article on the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism in The Canadian Encyclopedia
	www.torontopost.biz /Info/?Royal_Commission_on_Bilingualism_and_Biculturalism (590 words)

	Canada's Cultural Policies
		In 1929, the Royal Commission on Broadcasting (the Aird Commission) noted it was in the "the national interest" to ensure that Canada's cultural identity is reflected in the radio programming available to Canadians.
		The Cancon rules are established under the Broadcasting Act and enforced by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) as a condition of licensing for broadcasters.
		Following the work of the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism (1963-1970), the Official Languages Act was passed in 1969.
	www.media-awareness.ca /english/issues/cultural_policies/canada_cultural_policies.cfm?RenderForPrint=1 (732 words)

	Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism (RCBB)
		The 1963 Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism, known as the "Laurendea-Dunton" commission or "B.B." was a created to study the problem of French and English relations in Canada, pertaining to the concept of the Founding Nations of the country.
		The commission recommended that the use of French be encouraged at the Federal level as well as in certain provinces which had a higher French-speaking population, such as Ontario and New Brunswick.
		The commission also suggested that better educational opportunities should be created in provinces that had a linguistic minority of 10 percent.
	www.abheritage.ca /francophone/en/culture/political_rcbb.html (202 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Recommendations: That Ontario and New Brunswick become officially bilingual (New Brunswick became bilingual in 1969, Ontario has not) That Bilingual districts be created in regions of Canada where French speakers made up more than 10% of the population.
		The Commission and its recommendations were strongly supported by both the Progressive Conservative Party and the New Democratic Party, but the Tories did have concerns with the costly implementation of the reforms.
		In the Constitution Act, 1982, Trudeau ensured that many of the Commission's recommendations were permanently included in the Constitution of Canada, as sections 16 through section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms included several language rights.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Royal_Commission_on_Bilingualism_and_Biculturalism (574 words)

	Definition of Frank Scott
		During the 1950s, Scott was an active opponent of the Duplessis regime in Quebec and went to court to fight the Padlock Law.
		Scott served as dean of law from 1961 to 1964 and served on the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism.
		Scott was awarded the Royal Society of Canada's Lorne Pierce Medal in 1962.
	www.wordiq.com /definition/Frank_Scott (366 words)

	Mapleleafweb.com: Features - Official Bilingualism in Canada
		Nonetheless, nearly forty years after Prime Minister Pearson convened the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism, the government remains unable to sell bilingualism to all Canadians.
		When asked, “Are you for or against the development of bilingualism throughout Canada?” seventy percent of respondents in the Atlantic Provinces voted yes.
		On the other hand, respondents in the prairie provinces were split almost evenly down the middle: forty-five percent of respondents favored the development of bilingualism, while forty-one percent were opposed.
	www.mapleleafweb.com /features/cultural/bilingualism (332 words)

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