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Topic: Royal Lao Air Force

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	Royal Lao Air Force Pilots Serving in M.R. II
		Royal Lao Air Force Pilots Serving in M.R. Royal Lao
		The American C.I.A. was involved in providing aid to the Royal Lao politically inclined royalist and Royalists were provided with T-28 aircraft in support of bombing missions from Southern Laos to the North where Sam Neua and P.D.J. was overrun with Communist during the War.
		* Kham Phiou Manivanh is a R.L.A.F. Pilot Veteran from Sam Neua and is ethnic Lao.
	www.geocities.com /koratmahknut/warinlaos/rlaf/rlafpilots.htm (525 words)

	Thao Ma - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		From 1959-1966, he was commander of the Royal Lao Air Force.
		He personally commanded the RLAF single squadron of T-28 aircraft which was bombing the Ho Chi Minh Trail and provided close air support for Secret Army operations in the northeast of Laos.
		RLAF Lt Colonel Bounsoth, who flew the first night mission in the BC-47, suggested rigging a ground-mount.50 caliber machine gun in the side door and we did.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Thao_Ma (564 words)

	Laos, 1948-1989; Part 1
		This Air America C-46 was repainted in false RLAF markings during the operations that led to the retaking of Vientiane in December 1960.
		The Pathet Lao forces that had been inducted into the army deserted with their newly acquired weapons, and by October 1962 it was already clear that a new phase of the civil war was in looming.
		Air America aircraft and helicopters were used to bring arms, ammunition and new uniforms for Kamsao and his men in preparation for the assault, enabling organisation of four infantry battaliions.
	www.acig.org /artman/publish/article_347.shtml (7052 words)

	Lao People's Liberation Army Air Force History
		Land-locked Laos is one of the poorest countries in South East Asia, with the smallest defence budget.
		Of the nine Li-2s, three were delivered to the Royal Lao Air Force, RLAF, as the previous Aviation Laotienne had been re-named in August 1960, three more went to Kong Le and the three last to the Pathet Lao.
		The air operations over Laos during the Vietnam War were, at first glance, confusing, with the USAF and other US authorities and agencies operating through a bewildering array of companies and aid programmes.
	www.aeroflight.co.uk /waf/aa-eastasia/laos/laos-af-history.htm (1553 words)

	[No title]
		A Lao delegation with representatives from all three factions was sent to Geneva in July 1962 to attend another International conference on the cease-fire and neutralism in Laos.
		By August 1967, pilots of the Royal Thai Air Force were also flying bombing missions to Laos against PL and NV positions which now included all of Phong Saly and Sam Neua provinces, the Plain of Jars and areas along the Vietnamese border in the south.
		Although the North Vietnamese Ambassador to Laos had talks with the Lao King and the Prime Minister, further attempts to arrive at a peaceful settlement of the Lao conflict were dimmed by the escalation of military activities.
	www.hmongnet.org /hmong-au/refugee.htm (8394 words)

	Bio, Klusmann, Charles F.
		Earlier circumstances had forced him into an alliance with the Communist Pathet Lao, but he broke with them when he came to understand they were serving their Vietnamese masters in the way the Royal Lao Army was serving the United States.
		Air Force and Navy photoreconnaissance jets were authorized in May 1964 to begin gathering intelligence information supporting T-28 bombing raids against North Vietnamese and Pathet Lao troops in Laos.
		The Pathet Lao had set up a flak trap (where the downed pilot was kept alive and allowed to call for help while enemy gunners lay in wait for the arrival of vulnerable helicopters).
	www.pownetwork.org /bios/k/k069.htm (1985 words)

	Lao People's Liberation Army Air Force (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The present-day LPLAAF is decended from the Aviation Laotienne, which was established by the French and later became the Royal Lao Air Force.
		However, the majority of the air forces's strength is made up of fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters used in the transport role.
		Apart from the main military air bases, there are also a number of smaller airports and airfields around the country which are frequently used by the Air Force and the semi-military airline Lao Airlines.
	aeroflt.users.netlink.co.uk /waf/aa-eastasia/laos/laos-af-home.htm (364 words)

	Laos - The Vientiane Agreement (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		By the time of the cease-fire, United States aircraft had dropped almost 2.1 million tons of bombs on Laos, approximately the total tonnage dropped by United States air forces during all of World War II in both European and Pacific theaters.
		Air power had allowed the Hmong to maintain a tenuous balance of force with their adversaries.
		However, the air strip at Longtiang was empty, and the Royal Lao Air Force T-28s, on which General Vang Pao had often relied, had been pulled back to Vientiane on orders from Souvanna Phouma.
	countrystudies.us /laos/36.htm (348 words)

	Chronology Laos -- The War Years
		In response to a request from Prime Minister Souvanna Phouma for assistance in training the Royal Lao Air Force, the U.S. Air Force deploys Detachment 6, 1st Air Commando Wing to Udorn, Thailand, in April.
		Headquarters 2d Air Division/13th Air Force is established at Udorn to serve as focal point for support of the air war in Laos.
		Xieng Khouang and its air strip falls in February 17-18.The enemy move on Mouang Soui on February 24, and the town falls.
	www.seacrc.org /pages/ravenschrono.html (1469 words)

	Webmaster of VientianeTimes.com
		The Lao Royal Forces were just too scared to fight and laid down their guns because they could see miles of Chinese soldiers running towards them.
		Dad and his big-gun comrades from the Pathet Lao Revolutionaries were very disappointed and heart-broken when they heard that their boss was poisoned.
		Dad by this time was forced to retire by the authorities, but luckily he was still on the revolutionary pension.
	www.vientianetimes.com /Webmaster/08232002_Laos_anniversary.html (2832 words)

	6th Special Operations Squadron [6th SOS]
		In January 1966, the unit moved with the 1st Air Commando Wing to England Air Force Base, Louisiana, and continued the same type of operations as previously performed at Hurlburt Field.
		As the Air Force's only combat aviation advisory organization, the 6th SOS can address airpower employment, sustainment, and force integration as a single, integrated advisory effort.
		The AFID role is to advise foreign aviation forces on the use of airpower to deal with the internal threats of subversion, lawlessness and insurgency.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/agency/usaf/6sos.htm (1460 words)

	Bio, Koonce, Terry T. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		On the Laos side of the border coursed the "Ho Chi Minh Trail", a road heavily travelled by North Vietnamese troops moving materiel and personnel to their destinations through the relative safety of neutral Laos.
		In the early 1970's the Pathet Lao stated on a number of occasions that they held "tens of tens" of American prisoners and that those captured in Laos would also be released from Laos.
		The country of Laos was bombed by U.S. forces for several months following the Peace Accords in January 1973, and Laos steadfastly refused to talk about releasing our POWs until we discontinued bombing in their country.
	www.pownetwork.org /bios/k/k037.htm (569 words)

	Encyclopedia: Royal Lao Air Force (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Lao airman, Royal Lao Air Force File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version.
		The Lao Peoples Democratic Republic is a landlocked country in southeast Asia, bordered by Myanmar (commonly known in the west as Burma) and the Peoples Republic of China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the south, and Thailand to the west.
		Early 1976 Royal Lao Air Force renamed Lao People’s Liberation Army Air Force (LPLAAF)
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Royal-Lao-Air-Force (188 words)

	Quo Vadis?—The Nixon Doctrine and Air Power (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		This was a classic example of transferring the knowledge and expertise of USAF tactical air operations to a friendly air force without exposing a single American to combat, thereby minimizing the chances of U.S. involvement.
		In one memorable example the commanders of the national air force and army were cajoled by the USAF/USA MTT commander into playing golf together for the first time in their lives.
		Further, as most of the helicopters in less-developed nations are in their air forces (not in their armies), this aspect of future SOF operations is most important.
	www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil /airchronicles/aureview/1972/jul-aug/gleason.html (5351 words)

	U.S. Involvement in Indochina
		As the threat of a communist takeover of South Vietnam and a possible later capitulation of Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, Malaysia, Burma, and Indonesia came closer to becoming a reality, President John F. Kennedy began to increase the number of “military advisors” in South Vietnam.
		Laos was subjected to three million tons of bombing, which represented the heaviest U.S. bombing campaign since World War II.
		The CIA trained approximately 30,000 Laotians to fight a clandestine war along the Ho Chi Minh Trail against the North Vietnamese, Vietcong, and their Pathet Lao allies, with the support of Air America and the Royal Lao Air Force.
	www.u-s-history.com /pages/h1888.html (4840 words)

	Hmong National Development, Inc. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Long after they had proved too vulnerable to survive the increasingly accurate anti-aircraft fire over Southern Laos, T-28s saw action in the north and for most of the war served as the principal attack plane of the Royal Lao Air Force.
		After the February 1973 cease-fire, however, RLAF AC-47s spent most of their time with gun modules removed and flying regular airlift duties.
		Unable to compete with Air America in rotary airlift, CASI reverted to a strictly fixed-wing airline.
	www.hndlink.org /aircraft.htm (660 words)

	The Pentagon Papers, Gravel Edition, Volume 3, Chapter 2, "Military Pressures Against North Vietnam, February ...
		Insofar as Laos was concerned, this meant not only being sensitive to Souvanna Phouma's political status, but also adhering to the letter and spirit of the 1962 Geneva Accords, on which it was conceded the structure of a stable political future must be erected.
		Air strikes conducted by the Royal Lao Air Force, with T-28s obtained from the United States, were later credited with playing a major role in the success of the RLG's operations.
		On 11 September, representatives of the U.S. missions in Laos, Thailand and Vietnam met in Saigon to discuss implementation of the NSAM 314 provisions for cross-border air and ground operations.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /acad/intrel/pentagon3/pent4.htm (17245 words)

	Laos : Secret War Pilots Remembered
		Urgently Brigadier General Thao Ma assembled an air detachment of thirteen T-28 aircraft from his base at Savannakhet and immediately was in the air, in route to bomb the secret meeting place adjacent to the Vientiane Bomb Dump.
		Thousands of pro-American Lao's were murdered, others were gathered up for arrest and entire families force marched for days to prisons, hard labor jungle prison camps and Reeducation Concentration Camps, some for many years, while others were escorted away into the jungle with guards and simply vanished forever.
		Many hundreds of Refugees claimed they were forced to flee Laos when their villages were suddenly attacked, with the much disputed "Yellow Rain" (Soviet T-2 toxin) by Soviet aircraft and Vietnamese, leaving hundreds of women, children, elderly dead, ill and the luckier ones suffering severe breathing difficulties, but still alive.
	www.angelfire.com /in/Laos/Pilots.html (3726 words)

	Feature - Dagger Point: Retired Lt. Col. Jerry Klingaman discusses operations in Laos
		During his first deployment to Vientianne, Laos, Colonel Klingaman led a third-country mercenary air attack unit, which was a combined effort with the Central Intelligence Agency in Laos from Aug. 1966 - March 1967.
		Klingaman: We operated that way in Laos because of sensitivities over the presence of foreign forces, but the North Vietnamese had at least two divisions on the ground, and this air effort was an attempt to counter enemy incursions into the interior of Laos.
		Of the Royal Laos group that I was with at Pakse, only two of us survived.
	www2.afsoc.af.mil /news/story.asp?id=123025012 (1051 words)

	Royal Lao Air Force Aircraft
		If the RLAF operations between 1964 and 1975 were to be represented by one type of aircraft, it would be the N.A. T-28D Trojan.
		Although new RLAF T-28 pilots were churned out at Udorn, the losses seemed to average the number of new pilots available.
		However, as Air America and USAF helicopters conducted transport as well as SAR missions over Laos, the RLAF UH-34D force was underutilized.
	www.aeroflight.co.uk /waf/aa-eastasia/laos/laos-af2-aircraft.htm (1633 words)

	Secret War Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		After the Geneva Conference established Laotian neutrality, North Vietnam continued to operate in southeastern Laos along the hidden Ho Chi Minh trail, which was barely inside Laotian territory.
		This Secret Army, supported by Air America and the Royal Lao Air Force, fought the North Vietnamese, Viet Cong, and their Pathet Lao allies to a standstill, greatly aiding U.S. interests in the war.
		Despite these denials, however, the Secret War was actually the largest U.S. covert operation prior to the Afghan-Soviet War, with areas of communist-controlled Laos subjected to three million tons of bombing, representing the heaviest U.S.-led bombing campaign since World War II.
	www.alienartifacts.com /encyclopedia/Secret_War (457 words)

	The World Factbook 2004 -- Field Listing - Military branches
		VF Army (the air and air defense forces are subordinate commands within the Army), VRS Army (the air and air defense forces are subordinate commands within the Army)
		Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Forces (subordinate to Ministry of Defense), Internal Forces (subordinate to Ministry of Interior), Civil Defense Forces (subordinate to the president)
		Army, Air and Air Defense Forces, Territorial Defense Force
	www.brainyatlas.com /fields/2055.html (2809 words)

	Douglas DC-3 Australia
		Qantas / T.A.A. / Nigerian Airways / Aer Turas / Ilford Riverton / Air Manitoba
		A65-68 - Royal Australian Air Force - silver-white cls - large '68' on fin - lhs -
		- Royal Australian Air Force - silver white cls - dayglow nose - lhs -
	www.aussieairliners.org /douglas/dc3aust.html (2894 words)

	Royal Lao Air Force -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Royal Lao Air Force -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article
		The Royal Lao Air Force was the air force of the Royal Lao Government of the (additional info and facts about Kingdom of Laos) Kingdom of Laos.
		Spring 1963 Kong Le air arm re-integrated into RLAF
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/r/ro/royal_lao_air_force.htm (70 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		This also affected those who came by commercial air with the long wait, the security precautions and on the return with the tighter security with the National guards with M-16, local police, airport police etc. It was all worth it just to see comrades who we haven’t seen in ages.
		Kham Phiou Manivanh, our RLAF pilot with 3000 hours in a T-28 and 5000 hours in C/AC-47 and C-123, was a real joy to listen to his comments at the banquet.
		Cochran was the original Commando commander at the beginning of WWII and King was the commander of the reconstituted Vietnam era Commandos, (initially known as the 4400th CCTS and Jungle Jim).
	home.earthlink.net /~aircommando1/acarnrpt2001.htm (6762 words)

	ipedia.com: Secret War Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Alternate meaning: Marvel Super Heroes Secret Wars The Secret War was the Lao front of the Second Indochina War and lasted 13 years.
		The Secret War was the Lao front of the Second Indochina War and lasted 13 years (1962-1975).
		Using a proxy force of some thirty thousand Laotians on the ground, mostly Hmong tribesman, supported in the air by Air America and the Royal Lao Air Force, the CIA fought North Vietnamese units in Laos and the communist Pathet Lao to a standstill.
	www.ipedia.com /secret_war.html (163 words)

	America in Vietnam (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In the intervening years, the Pathet Lao, backed by more or less undisguised North Vietnamese military support, became increasingly active in the eastern half of Laos.
		The air base at Udorn in north central Thailand became a beehive of Air America activity and the primary base of the tiny Royal Lao Air Force, whose antiquated piston-engined T-28 trainers proved surprisingly effective as ground support aircraft in the jungle-clad karst wildernesses of northern Laos.
		Elite volunteers from the Thai Border Patrol Police, mostly ethnic Lao so they could blend in with the local populace, were sent to north Laos as advisors to anti-communist partisan bands.
	ehistory.osu.edu /vietnam/books/aiv/0036.cfm (307 words)

	POW Bio PAGE of SCOPE SYSTEMS.
		The Ravens came under the formal command of CINCPAC and the 7/13th Air Force
		Chestnut is one of nearly 600 Americans lost in Laos.
		Lao stated publicly that they held "tens of tens" of American prisoners, not
	www.scopesys.com /cgi-bin/bio2.cgi?bio=C108 (1007 words)

	http://www.fsplanet.com/
		The airplane was used by the air forces of 20 other nations, including West Germany, Japan, Spain, Britain, and Australia.
		The F-86A on display at the US Air Force Museum is marked as the aircraft of the 4th Fighter Group F-86A flown by Lt Col Bruce Hinton on Dec. 17, 1950 when he became the first F-86 pilot to shoot down a MiG.
		There has been little attempt to achieve accuracy of detail found at either of these airports, but the intention of this package is simply an enhancement to make flying into and out of these two airports much more interesting for those who fly with Microsoft Flight Simulator 2002.
	www.fsplanet.com /12052003.htm (1130 words)

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