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Topic: Royal Navy Submarine Service

	A Brief History of the Royal Australian Navy's Submarine Service - Submarine Service History (Royal Australian Navy)
		British insistence that the Royal Navy could not alone bear the burden of the Empire's Naval Defence led to the commissioning of the submarines OXLEY and OTWAY in 1927.
		It is noteworthy that OXLEY was sunk in error by the British submarine HMS TRITON in late 1939.
		During their time in service they have often proven to be a capable non-nuclear submarine, able to uphold the highest in submarine operating standards.
	www.navy.gov.au /history/subhistory.html (864 words)

	Royal Navy Submarine Service - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Royal Navy Submarine Service - sometimes known as the "Silent Service", on account of a submarine being required to operate quietly in order to remain undetected by enemy SONAR (or ASDIC as it was known in the RN pre-1948) - is the collective name given to the submarine element of the Royal Navy.
		HMS Holland 1, the first-ever submarine to be commissioned by the Royal Navy.
		The four ballistic missile submarines (SSBN) of the Royal Navy are all of the Vanguard class.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Royal_Navy_Submarine_Service (1460 words)

	Hellfire Corner - The Great War - The Royal Naval Submarine Service (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The inception of the Royal Navy's Submarine Service in 1901 was not an entirely pacific enterprise, for although interest was initially expressed in procuring just a handful of such vessels for purely experimental purposes it encountered with equal measure acute scepticism and vociferous moral intransigence.
		Therefore, proponents of the submarine were, at last, able to rebut their critics with tangible, existing evidence that they now had at hand the basics to create a functional submarine capable of sinking the enemy.
		Submarines also acted as piquets for the Fleet, providing reconnaissance to allow the Royal Navy to intercept any hostile units leaving harbour: for example, the Battle of Heligoland Bight in 1914 was brought about because a submarine had transmitted a sighting report to waiting surface units.
	www.fylde.demon.co.uk /submarines.htm (2284 words)

	Division 8: Submarine service allowance
		a submarine declared by the Chief of the Defence Force to be a seagoing submarine for the purposes of this Determination, being a submarine under the direction of the Commonwealth or a foreign government.
		A qualified submariner to whom any of paragraphs (a) to (e) of clause 4 applies is entitled to Submarine Service Allowance (Qualification and Skill) at the rate of $9,088 a year.
		A qualified submariner who ceases to be posted to a position in the Submarine arm, is entitled to be paid Submarine Service Allowance (Qualification and Skill) for a period of three years commencing on the day on which the member ceases to occupy that position.
	www.defence.gov.au /dpe/pac/V2_Ch4_Pt3_Div15.htm (1385 words)

	Submarine History : Submarine Service : Operations and Support : Royal Navy
		WWII Submarine E11 In 1900, Britain was the only major maritime power not to have at least an embryo submarine flotilla but, despite vehement condemnation of the submarine as a means of waging war, those determined to find out what all the fuss was about prevailed in the argument.
		Holland I was launched in 1901 and the RN's Submarine Service was born.
		The pioneering days of the submarine, in all the navies which embraced the new technology, brought disaster as well as triumph.
	www.royal-navy.mod.uk /server.php?show=nav.2558&outputFormat=print (729 words)

	Royal Navy Submarines WWII
		Britain had 54 serviceable submarines at the outbreak of WWII, including 12 H and L class boats which were of 1914-1918 vintage and of riveted construction.
		The submarine service won 9 Victoria Crosses during the second war and four of those were allocated to X Boat crews.
		Submarine losses for all navies were severe and many boats were lost with all hands in unknown circumstances.
	www.bosun.net /page5a.html (775 words)

	Royal Australian Navy Gun Plot - HMA Submarines
		Unfortunately, Australia's third attempt at maintaining a submarine service was terminated when armament limitations and the deepening economic depression forced the paying off of both boats at the end of 1929.
		Commissioned into the navy in June 1943, she was manned by Royal navy personnel with some Australian volunteers.
		On the fifth attempt at establishing and Australian submarine arm the decision was taken to acquire a new force of four Oberon Class submarines to be built at Scotts on the Clyde.
	www.gunplot.net /submarines/submarines2.html (603 words)

	Navy News - News Desk - Feature - The Navy News Submarine Centenary Series (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		In a series of four special features commissioned by Navy News, Cdr Richard Compton-Hall (who died in December 2001) and Cdr Jeff Tall, Director of the Royal Navy Submarine Museum in Gosport, recount the rapid progression from the tiny Holland boats to the giant nuclear missile boats of the modern Royal Navy.
		At the end of World War II cuts in submarine numbers were severe, but not as drastic as those implemented throughout the rest of the fleet, and by the mid-l950s the submarine force made up a greater percentage of the Royal Navy's order of battle than ever before.
		This was just as well, since the main threat facing the Royal Navy in the postwar period was the rapidly-expanding Soviet submarine fleet, built with the aid of 'liberated' German technology.
	www.navynews.co.uk /specials/submarinecentenary.asp (508 words)

	ROYAL NAVY SUBMARINES \| THE MINISTRY OF DEFENCE AND THE BRITISH ROYAL NAVY, HISTORY, SHIPS, CAREERS AND CONTACT LINKS - ...
		The Royal Navy Submarine Museum looks after the heritage of a remarkable service whose reluctant conception and fragile birth into the Royal Navy in 1901 established the fighting service that today operates the most powerful ships in the Fleet and maintains the strategic and sub-strategic National Deterrent.
		Winston Churchill recognised the courage and sacrifice of the men of the Submarine Service when he said Great deeds are done in the air and on the land, nevertheless there is no part to be compared to your exploits.
		The Royal Marines Museum is dedicated to the preservation and presentation of all aspects of Royal Marines history.
	www.solarnavigator.net /royal_navy_submarines.htm (947 words)

	Ahoy - Mac's Web Log-The Role of the Submarine in World War 2-
		Some 82 Italian submarines were sunk during their wartime activities, this figure has been cited as 85, but after correspondence I had with the Italian Defence Department in Rome, I have chosen to use the figure of 82.
		In all, 126 submarines were constructed during the war, and 56 remained at the time of surrender, most of these were inoperable through lack of maintenance or damage sustained at sea.
		Submarine Captains did not stand up to the rigors of war time command that was demanded of them, in 1942, 30% were removed for lack of fitness or lack of results, and 14% for the same reason both in 1943, and 1944.
	ahoy.tk-jk.net /macslog/TheRoleoftheSubmarineinWo.html (2238 words)

	Royal Navy Celebrates Submarine Service Centenary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The Tomahawk Land Attack Missile (TLAM) is in service in the RN and was fired from HMS Splendid in the Kosovo conflict in 1999.
		This weapon allows submarines to influence the land battle by posing a threat in the period prior to hostilities and, after hostilities commence, directing highly accurate and lethal warheads against important targets, which may otherwise be relatively invulnerable.
		Submarines from 10 different nations — including the United States — gathered to join in the RN Submarine Service's 100th anniversary celebration.
	www.chinfo.navy.mil /navpalib/cno/n87/usw/issue_12/royal_celebrates.html (1252 words)

	Royal Australian Navy Gun Plot History HMA Submarine Service
		After the formation of the Royal Australian Navy, initial plans for Australian submarines were for three British "C" Class boats but only two of the improved "E" Class were authorised.
		At a submerged displacement of 810 tons and speed of 10 knots both submarines were commissioned at Portsmouth on 28th February 1914.
		Then in 1919 as a gift package which included a number of destroyers, six "J" Class submarines were transferred from the Royal Navy to the R.A.N. The J boats were commissioned into the R.A.N. in March 1919 and in April sailed for Australia in company with HMAS Sydney and the submarine depot ship HMAS Platypus.
	www.gunplot.net /submarines/submarines.html (659 words)

	Woking Sea Cadets, Surrey: Submarine Service
		The modern nuclear submarine uses a PWR and is a stealthy, capable vessel capable of long-range and long-duration patrols.
		When nuclear powered submarines come to the end of their life, they have to be disposed of very carefully, because the nuclear waste is very toxic.
		The war took a heavy toll on submariners' lives; it is estimated that about half of the 74 RN submarines lost during the war fell prey to mines.
	www.wokingseacadets.org.uk /sub.htm (3175 words)

	Naval Submarine Medical Research Laboratory -- Research
		Using SUBSCREEN, the NSMRL-developed psychological screening test, all Naval Submarine School students are tested to determine their suitability for living in a submarine’s extreme environment, and their likelihood of attrition due to misconduct, alcohol/drug abuse and mental health disorders prior to the end of their first enlistment.
		Submarine Medicine Team evaluated five commercial individual oxygen supply systems that will allow personnel rescued from a disabled submarine to be supplied oxygen in a hyperbaric environment.
		The team is led by a Royal Navy Exchange Medical Officer, and includes two USN Undersea Medical Officers, one Ph.D.-level physiologist, one Ph.D.-level industrial hygienist, one Ph.D. -level biological psychologist, one retired U. Navy submarine commanding officer, an Independent Duty Corpsman, and a physical science technician.
	www.nhrc.navy.mil /nsmrl/team01.htm (385 words)

	Royal Navy Submarine Service
		Holland one, the Royal Navy’s first submarine, fitted with a single torpedo tube, was born at Vickers, Sons and Maxim Ltd. (now BAE Systems Marine, Barrow) amidst great controversy in an era when the submarine was regarded as the weapon of the weaker power.
		Submarines quickly became established in the fleet but were still regarded with some disdain despite the fact that they had sounded the death-knell for the mighty DREADNOUGHTS.
		She established a line of outstanding SSNs (nuclear powered fleet submarines) which were to play a pivotal role during the cold war.
	www.rnsubmus.co.uk /general/service.htm (535 words)

	Royal Navy: Submarine Service: Basic Facts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Submarines - unseen and unheard, the Royal Navy.s submarine force can strike against ships and submarines, as well as supporting land operations against targets up to 1000 miles away with pinpoint accuracy.
		The Submarine Service also provides the UK.s strategic nuclear deterrent.
		These remain the largest submarines in service in any navy except those of the USA and the Russian Federation.
	www.royal-marines.mod.uk /static/pages/6005.html (199 words)

	Royal Navy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		From the early 18th century to the middle of the 20th century, it was the largest and most powerful navy in the world, helping to establish the British Empire as the dominant power of the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries.
		The Royal Navy is a constituent component of the Naval Service, which also comprises the Royal Marines, Royal Fleet Auxiliary and associated reserve forces under command.
		At the beginning of the 1990s, the Royal Navy was a force designed for the Cold War with a focus on blue water ASW, its purpose was to search for and destroy Soviet submarines in the North Atlantic, complemented by the nuclear deterrent submarine force.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Royal_Navy (6020 words)

	Naval Technology - SSN Astute Class - Attack Submarine
		The Royal Navy's Astute Class submarine is a nuclear-powered attack submarine which is to replace the five Swiftsure Class submarines, launched between 1973 and 1977 and approaching the end of their operational life.
		Trafalgar Batch 1 submarines are to be decommissioned by 2022, beginning with HMS Trafalgar in 2008.
		Astute Class submarines are to be fitted with the Royal Navy's new Eddystone Communications band Electronic Support Measures (CESM) system, also to be fitted to the Trafalgar Class submarines.
	www.naval-technology.com /projects/astute (1227 words)

	Navy News - News Desk - News - Derby honours Submarine Service (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Submariners attended a recruiting fair and local job centres, while others visited a number of schools.
		Two Director of Naval Recruiting (DNR) trailers, one manned by the Navy, the other by the Royal Marines, were based in the Market Place, with an officer, a senior rate and a junior rate from HMS Sovereign in attendance.
		The Cathedral was packed for the service, which celebrated the Mayoral year and included a section honouring the Submarine Service.
	www.navynews.co.uk /articles/2002/0205/0002052301.asp (877 words)

	Amazon.co.uk: The Royal Navy Submarine Service: A Centennial History: Books: Antony Preston (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The year 2001 records the 100th anniversary of the foundation of the Submarine Service, and Antony Preston presents a day-by-day account of life in the service.
		In 1901, Holland One, the Royal Navy's first submarine, fitted with a single torpedo tube, was born at Vickers-Armstrong amidst great controversy, in an era when the submarine was regarded as the weapon of the weaker power.
		Submarines quickly became established in the fleet but were still regarded with some disdain.
	www.amazon.co.uk /Royal-Navy-Submarine-Service-Centennial/dp/0851778917 (404 words)

	Naval History Magazine: A Secret Journey to Halifax, by Captain Peter Hore, Royal Navy (Retired)
		The Vernon not only was a torpedo school, it also was the Royal Navy's center of excellence in technical matters other than gunnery, and was responsible for the development of submarine and antisubmarine warfare and the various applications of electricity.
		Wilson was one of the Royal Navy's more technically minded officers, and he later returned to the Torpedo School as its captain and became Controller of the Navy (the U.S. Navy equivalent would be Chief of Naval Material).
		Several designs for submarines were proposed to the Royal Navy from 1880 onwards, but only one in the 1870s.
	www.usni.org /NavalHistory/Articles02/NHhore06.htm (2764 words)

	Awards to Aboriginal veterans WWII and Korea
		Submarines also posed no danger, although their presence was always considered possible.
		He began a new career in social services, working as a staff sergeant at a correctional institution for 15 years, and then as a counsellor at a Six Nations' drug and alcohol centre for 11 years.
		Three of his nearly 10 years of naval service were spent in England attached to the Royal Navy in submarine service.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/aboriginal/profile2.htm (5291 words)

	Johnson Controls : Featured Projects
		At 5,500 tonnes the Fleet Submarines, SSN (Ship Submersible Nuclear) are extremely sophisticated machines, providing land attack support, anti ship and submarine warfare, reconnaissance and surveillance.
		All equipment is built to the most stringent specifications, particularly with regard to minimizing noise and vibration emissions, thereby maintaining stealth and minimizing the possibility of detection.
		Supplying equipment to the Royal Navy is a long-term commitment, providing continuous support for the lifetime of the vessel.
	www.york.com /products/projects/Default.asp?landmark_id=83 (237 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		The Royal Navy Submarine Museum at Gosport is a museum tracing the international history of submarine development from the age of Alexander the Great to the present day, and particularly the history of the Submarine Service from the tiny Holland 1 to the nuclear powered Vanguard class submarine.
		to climb aboard a real submarine, to discover true tales of heroism and to relive a life under the sea through the personal effects of the crews.
		A visit to the Royal Navy Submarine Museum is a fascinating day out, providing something for the whole family.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Royal_Navy_Submarine_Museum (318 words)

	News : HMS Trafalgar : Trafalgar Class : Fleet Submarines (SSN) : Submarine Service : Operations and Support : Royal ...
		On the anniversary of the great sea battle, the Royal Navy submarine bearing its name, HMS Trafalgar, was underwater putting the next generation of submarine Commanding Officers to the test.
		Some of the best officers the Royal Navy has to offer (plus one United States Navy officer) are currently undertaking one of the hardest command warfare courses in the world, the Submarine Command Course (SMCC), often referred to as "The Perisher"
		Throughout they will be practising their future roles as contributors to the Royal Navy's task of delivering security in an uncertain world.
	www.royal-navy.mod.uk /server?show=conWebDoc.3111&outputFormat=print (376 words)

	Dutch Submarines: The K IX Club, the vicissitudes of the Dutch submarine K9 in Royal Australian Navy service
		Despite an appreciation of the value of submarines gained through the operation of submarines during and after World War I the Royal Australian Navy was obliged, as an economy measure, to transfer its two "O" class boats, the HMAS Oxley and the Otway to the Royal Navy on April 10, 1931.
		The K XII came under the control of the United States Navy at Fremantle and the K9, the form in which it was referred to in Australian correspondence, arrived in Sydney Harbour in the middle of May 1942 for servicing and transfer to the school some time in August.
		It was a poor end to all the effort that had been put into making the Vessel serviceable and the RAN decided to cut their losses and decommissioning of the submarine was approved on February 24, 1944.
	www.dutchsubmarines.com /specials/special_kix_club.htm (1267 words)

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