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Topic: Royal Tern

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Sternidae

Least Tern

Mourning Dove

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Turnstone

Jacanidae

Laridae

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Barn Swallow

Brown Pelican

Spectacled Cormorant

Charadriidae

Charadriiformes

Scolopacidae

Rallidae

	Roosevelt, Theodore. 1916. A Book-Lover's Holidays in the Open: X. Bird Reserves at the Mouth of the Mississippi
		The Royal Tern is commanded by Captain William Sprinkle, born and bred on this Gulf coast, who knows the sea-fowl, and the islands where they breed and dwell, as he knows the winds and the lovely, smiling, treacherous Gulf waters.
		The Royal Tern, her engines breaking down intermittently, fell so far in the rear that in the early afternoon we anchored, to wait for her, off an island to which a band of pelicans resorted—they had nested, earlier in the year, on another island some leagues distant.
		The eggs of the royal and Cabot's terns were perhaps a shade less conspicuous than the darker eggs of the Caspian tern, all of them lying together; but on that sand, and crowded into such a regular nursery, none of them could have escaped the vision of any foe with eyes.
	www.bartleby.com /57/10.html (8207 words)

	Tern - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Terns are seabirds in the family Sternidae, previously considered a subfamily Sterninae of the gull family Laridae.
		Many terns breeding in temperate zones are long-distance migrants, and the Arctic Tern probably sees more daylight than any other creature, since it migrates from its northern breeding grounds to Antarctic waters.
		Terns in the genus Sterna have deeply forked tails, those in Chlidonias and Larosterna shallowly forked tails, while the noddies (genera Anous, Procelsterna, Gygis) have unusual 'notched wedge' shaped tails, the longest tail feathers being the middle-outer, not the central nor the outermost.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tern (432 words)

	Encyclopedia topic: Royal Tern (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The Royal Tern (Sterna maxima) is a seabird (A bird that frequents coastal waters and the open ocean: gulls; pelicans; gannets; cormorants; albatrosses; petrels; etc.) of the tern (Small slender gull having narrow wings and a forked tail) family Sternidae.
		This is a large tern, second only to Caspian Tern (additional info and facts about Caspian Tern) but is unlikely to be confused with that carrot-billed giant, which has extensive dark underwing patches.
		Royal Tern has a long yellow bill, pale grey upperparts and white underparts.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/r/ro/royal_tern.htm (447 words)

	royal - definition by dict.die.net
		Royal fern (Bot.), the handsome fern Osmunda regalis.
		The royal yard and royal sail are attached to the royal mast.
		Royal touch, the touching of a diseased person by the hand of a king, with the view of restoring to health; -- formerly extensively practiced, particularly for the scrofula, or king's evil.
	dict.die.net /royal (244 words)

	Royal Tern - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Royal Tern (Sterna maxima) is a seabird of the tern family Sternidae.
		This is a large tern, second only to Caspian Tern but is unlikely to be confused with that carrot-billed giant, which has extensive dark underwing patches.
		In various parts of its range, Royal could be confused with Elegant Tern, Great Crested Tern and Lesser Crested Tern.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Royal_Tern (370 words)

	terns
		Royal Terns breeding in these states have been recognized as a metapopulation based on the relative isolation of these colonies from those farther to the south in Georgia and Florida.
		Royal Tern populations tend to fluctuate from year to year, but census data gathered by State and Federal researchers in the mid-Atlantic region indicate a general decline has occurred since a population boom in the 1980s.
		The studies on tern population trends and annual variation in chick growth are being continued each year with UNCW graduate and undergraduate students as part of a long-term investigation of terns as indicator species for the health of marine and estuarine environments in North Carolina.
	people.uncw.edu /emslies/terns (1996 words)

	Royal Tern, Cape Lookout National Seashore (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Royal terns are large terns with orange-red bills that dive into the water to catch fish.
		Like the piping plover, royal terns lay their eggs in a "scrape" in the sand.
		Terns have more pointed beaks and are more streamlined than gulls.
	www.nps.gov /calo/tern.htm (52 words)

	SDNHM Focus on Royal and Elegant Terns
		The only records of the Sandwich Tern in San Diego County, in 1980, 1982, 1985, and 1987, were of an individual that courted Elegant Terns in the colony at the works, and in 1995 another hybridized with an Elegant in the colony at Bolsa Chica.
		The Elegant Tern follows a migration schedule sharply defined by the calendar: arrival in early March, a postbreeding influx in June, July, and August, and departure in October and November.
		The Royal Tern, by contrast, does not have a strong seasonal pattern, being found along San Diego County's coast year round and being at least as numerous in winter as at other seasons.
	www.sdnhm.org /research/birdatlas/focus/terns.html (1583 words)

	Florida's Beach Nesting Birds
		Royal Terns, slightly smaller, nest in only seven colonies statewide (5,300 pairs) and the related Sandwich Terns in just four (1,050 pairs).
		Royal and Sandwich Terns lay only one egg per pair; the devoted parents feed this single chick until the next spring, one of the longest instances of parental care in the bird kingdom.
		Least Terns nest in numerous sites along the coast, and have also resorted to flat, white-gravel rooftops in desperation as beach nest sites are lost to development and human impacts.
	www.baysoundings.com /sum02/birds.html (1337 words)

	Royal Tern Winter Adult
		Royal Tern Winter Adult: Large tern with light gray upperparts and white face, neck and underparts.
		Royal Tern: Two to four whitish buff to brown eggs with reddish brown markings are laid in a depression in sand or cup of dead grass, located on sandy or rocky island.
		Royal Tern: Similar to this bird is Elegant Tern which has smaller body, more slender reddish orange bill that appears slightly dropped at tip, and longer shaggy crest that extends down nape.
	identify.whatbird.com /obj/501/_/Royal_Tern_Winter_Adult.aspx (774 words)

	Royal Tern (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Royal Terns sometimes dive for fish fairly close to people swimming at the beach.
		A large tern with pointed wings, forked tail, and a heavy, orange bill.
		Watch for Royal Terns zipping along above the sea in front of the beach-front resorts or plunging into the sea for fish.
	www.arubabirds.com /aboutBirds/RoyalTern.htm (66 words)

	HEXAGONAL PACKING OF ROYAL TERN NESTS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		CONCLUSION Despite patches of irregularity, Royal Terns seem to have generally achieved almost perfect hexagonal packing of their nests and indeed have done so in very small parts of the colony.
		Only by reducing their aggression--already minimal compared to the other normally mercurial tern species--could they reduce their internest distances, and then by very little inasmuch as they are already practically touching one another (Fig.
		Observed nest density as well as nearest-neighbor internest distances in a colony of Royal Terns on the southeastern U.S. coast demonstrate that the species has achieved an exceedingly close approach to maximal or hexagonal packing of its nests, probably the first firm demonstration of this effect in any aspect of a vertebrate social system.
	elibrary.unm.edu /sora/Auk/v094n01/p0036-p0043.html (2960 words)

	Musselburgh - Royal Tern 1999
		There was a small roost of terns, gulls and waders on the rocks at the north end of Thorntonloch beach as my son and I walked down from the concrete walkway at Torness Power Station (Lothian).
		At rest and in flight, the outermost primaries were seen to be worn and dark grey in colour contrasting with the inner primaries which were fresh and a paler, mid-grey with narrow white fringes.
		I identified the bird as a Royal Tern, as opposed to a Lesser Crested, Elegant or Caspian Tern, on the basis of its size, bill shape/size, mantle colour and rump colour.
	www.andrewsi.freeserve.co.uk /royal_tern.htm (1066 words)

	tern on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The arctic tern migrates from the arctic to the antarctic.
		Terns are classified in the phylum Chordata, subphylum Vertebrata, class Aves, order Charadriiformes, family Laridae.
		Rare terns nesting again on Outer Green Island ; It's been at least 90 years since the roseate tern lived on the tiny spit of land five miles out in Casco Bay.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/t1/tern.asp (427 words)

	* Royal Tern - (Bird): Definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Royal Terns gather into large, tightly packed colonies on sandy beaches to breed...
		A medium sized tern between a Forster's and Royal Tern in size...
		Elegant Terns are very similar in appearance to Royal Terns, but can be differentiated from the larger Royals by Elegants' longer,...
	www.mimihu.com /bird/royal_tern.html (274 words)

	Birds - Royal Tern
		Off the Gulf shore, especially in Texas, Louisiana, and Florida, where great numbers live, this handsome bird exercises its royal prerogative by robbing the fish out of the pouch of the pelican, that is no match, in its slow flight, for this dashing monarch of the air.
		There is great joyousness about the terns a-wing; dashing, rollicking, aerial sprites they are, that the Florida tourists may sometimes see tossing a fish into the air just for the fun of catching it again, or dropping it for another member of the happy company to catch and toss again in genuine play.
		The royal species makes no attempt to form a nest, but drops from one to four rather small, grayish white eggs marked with chocolate, directly on the sand of the beach, or at the edge or a marshy lagoon.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles20/birds-159.shtml (358 words)

	Weeks Bay - Gulls Photo Album (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Almost as big as a gull, the Caspian Tern is the largest of the tern family and is fairly common all year on the Gulf Coast where it breeds.
		Royal Terns are common, permanent, breeding residents on the Alabama Gulf Coast.
		The Sandwich Tern is the only tern with a yellow-tipped fl bill, a character that immediately distinguishes it from all other species.
	www.weeksbay.org /GullsPhotos.html (632 words)

	SDNHM - Sterna elegans (Elegant Tern)
		It is very similar in appearance to the Royal Tern, but is smaller and more slender, with a much thinner, proportionately longer, slightly decurved orange or orange-yellow bill.
		Elegant Terns breed on islands in the Gulf of California (90% of the know population on Isla Rasa), along the west coast of Baja California, and near San Diego, California (since 1959).
		Focus on the Royal and Elegant Terns—this article from the Summer 2000 issue of Wrenderings, the quarterly newsletter for San Diego County Bird Atlas volunteers, compares and contrasts the appearance and breeding ranges of these two very similar birds.
	www.oceanoasis.org /fieldguide/ster-ele.html (431 words)

	Ruddy Turnstones Destroy Royal Tern Colony
		Aftcr the royals had returned and settled down on subcolony B, we saw a small group of Ruddy Turnstones enter the colony and begin pecking at eggs.
		Royal Terns are relatively unaggrcssive toward prcdators (Buckley and Buckley, Ibis 114:351, 1972).
		Least and Gull-billed terns arc more aggressive toward prcdators than are Royal Terns, but whether they recognize turnstones as prcdators is not known.
	elibrary.unm.edu /sora/Wilson/v091n01/p0133-p0135.html (2282 words)

	Arctic tern - The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Arctic terns are the ultimate long distance migrants - summer visitors to the UK and winter visitors to the Antarctic.
		Breeding terns can best be seen on island such as the Farne Islands in Northumberland or on the Northern Isles where the greatest breeding densities occur.
		Arctic terns will swoop down on intruders and hit them with their feet or beaks.
	www.rspb.org.uk /birds/guide/a/arctictern/index.asp (325 words)

	Sandwich Tern Species Account - Florida Breeding Bird Atlas
		Like the Royal Tern, the Sandwich Tern was an established breeder on the Gulf coast of Florida up until the late nineteenth century, when all colonies disappeared (Howell 1932).
		These islands reappeared in the 1980s, and adults were observed carrying fish into the Royal Tern colony in 1988 (Paul 1988).
		The Royal Tern colonies at Merritt Island are a likely location for this species to breed.
	wld.fwc.state.fl.us /bba/SATE.htm (443 words)

	Elegant Tern Breeding Adult
		Elegant Tern Breeding Adult: Medium-sized tern with pale gray upperparts and white underparts.
		Elegant Tern Breeding Adult: Two white to pink-buff eggs blotched with fl or dark brown are laid in a shallow scrape on the ground near water.
		Elegant Tern Breeding Adult: This bird is very similar in appearance to Royal Tern, but is smaller and has longer, thinner, downcurved bill and longer crest.
	identify.whatbird.com /obj/467/_/Elegant_Tern_Breeding_Adult.aspx (722 words)

	Royal Tern Banding (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Once the volunteers arrived at the colony, a temporary wire corral was constructed and herding of the young terns began.
		A handful of Sandwich Terns were in the colony and were outfitted with smaller bands to accommodate their smaller size.
		As the totals for recent years suggest, this was a good year for Royal Tern breeding and a record year for Sandwich Terns on Fisherman Island.
	www.assateague.org /plover/3-98-a.html (263 words)

	netposse.com - Stolen Horse International, Inc Missing from Alabama: TB Royal Tern 4/14/04 Found (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		I am sad to have to report that the search for Royal Tern has come to an end, and not the one we could have wished.
		The notion that she had been stolen always seemed a bit incredible, but after days of diligent searching turned up nothing, it was looking like it must be true.
		Three days ago her grey yearling filly Royal Tern, disappeared from a 100 acre field outside Gadsden, Alabama where she was in a herd with about 14 other horses, none of whom are missing.
	www.netposse.com /stolenmissing/missing_1/missingroyalternAL4-04.htm (532 words)

	Re: Caspian vs. Royal Tern
		So, my question is is there much bill color variation in Royal terns, with some of them inclined towards red rather than orange.
		So, if you see tern which is Royal in size and structure then it most probably IS Royal despite of strange bill/legs color.
		Gull-billed Tern comparing to Sandwich is longer legged, bigger (more rounded) headed (ones could say even bigger eyed bird) with distinctly shorter, heavier base bill.
	www.ibiblio.org /pardo/birds/current/msg02335.html (735 words)

	Tern and Ternlet Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		USGS data sheet on Royal Tern, including photographs, maps, taxonomy, identification tips, and life history information.
		Categorized information on voice, habitat, nesting, range, etc."These terns annually perform spectacular migrations, every fall heading eastward across the Atlantic and down the west coasts of Europe and Africa to winter in the Antarctic Ocean".
		Narrative "The Sandwich Tern can be identified by its long fl, yellow tipped bill and its fl cap and short crest".
	www.junglewalk.com /info/Tern-information.htm (1003 words)

	Daily Iowegian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The royal tern breeds in large, dense colonies along the cost from Maryland to Texas.
		The royal tern is fl-capped with gray wings and back.
		It is larger than the common tern and doesn't have a fl tip on an orange-red bill.
	www.zwire.com /site/news.cfm?newsid=15088312&BRD=1284&PAG=461&dept_id=179799&rfi=6 (253 words)

	All About Birds
		Young Royal Terns leave the nest scrape within one day after hatching and congregate together in a group known as a crèche.
		A pair of Royal Terns will feed only their own chick, and manage to find it in the crowd, probably by recognizing its call.
		Caspian Tern larger and more robust, with broader wings, thicker and more blunt bright red bill, short, square tail only shallowly notched, a fl or streaked forehead at all times, and lacks a shaggy crest.
	www.birds.cornell.edu /programs/AllAboutBirds/BirdGuide/Royal_Tern_dtl.html (377 words)

	Change genera and linear sequence within the terns (Sterninae)
		The Gull-billed and Caspian terns are shown to be sister species, although not that closely (genetic distance) related to each other, one could argue either way to lump them both under one genus or keep them separate.
		For example, vocally Caspian tern is very much unlike Thalasseus vocally, although it resembles the Royal Tern outwardly, and in tern the Thalasseus I know all sound pretty similar.
		These groups are the noddies (Anous, Gygis, and Procelsterna), the brown-winged terns (four species of Sterna), the small terns (four species of Sterna), the marsh terns (Chlidonias), the crested terns (Thalasseus in Gochfeld and Burger (1996)), and the typical terns (several Sterna species).
	www.museum.lsu.edu /~remsen/SACCprop175.html (2826 words)

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