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	MSN Encarta - Print Preview - History of Colonial America
		England began its colonies during the 17th century when Parliament, the nation’s primary legislative body, was increasing its powers at the expense of the crown.
		In the British colonies, representative government developed within three distinct types of colonies: royal colonies headed by a governor who was appointed by the king, proprietary colonies owned and managed by English proprietors, and corporate colonies that selected their own governors and political leaders.
		In the new colony, there was a firm union of church and state and a congregational system of church government in which each local congregation was self-governing.
	encarta.msn.com /text_1741502191___6/Colonial_America_History_of.html (1434 words)

	80.ch.04: Connecticut: A Case Study in Anti-Imperialism 1636-1776
		The original thirteen colonies were founded by individuals, or corporations who obtained charters from the king granting permission to colonize and govern the colony.
		In proprietary colonies (Penn.., Delaware, Maryland; and South Carolina) the proprietors appointed the governors and in royal colonies the governor was appointed by the Crown.
		Therefore, colonies were required to surrender their original charters to the Crown and had to accept royal charters.
	www.yale.edu /ynhti/curriculum/units/1980/cthistory/80.ch.04.x.html (5482 words)

	Proprietary Governor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The provinces of Maryland, Carolina and several other colonies in the Americas were initially established under the proprietary system.
		These colonies were distinct from royal colonies in that they were commercial enterprises established under authority of the crown.
		By the early 1700s, nearly all of the proprietary colonies had either surrendered their charters to the crown to become royal colonies, or else had significant limitations placed on them by the crown.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Proprietary_Governor (220 words)

	Greene, Provincial Governor in the English Colonies of North America. Ch. I
		The second royal government was established in New Hampshire by a commission to John Cutts and others as the “president and council” of the province of New Hampshire, which went into effect in 1680.
		The royal governor, it is true, was frequently called upon to choose between a refusal of supplies by the assembly and disobedience to his instructions; but the proprietary governor was hampered by an additional set of instructions based, not on constitutional and political grounds, but often on purely selfish interests.
		Royal tyranny may have been bad enough; but in the long run it was far better than the control of private and, to a large extent, irresponsible proprietors.
	www.dinsdoc.com /greene-2-1.htm (6823 words)

	From Revolution to Reconstruction: Outlines: American History (1994): Chapter Two: Emergence of Colonial Government ...
		Eventually most colonies became royal colonies, but in the mid-17th century, the English were too distracted by the Civil War (1642-1649) and Oliver Cromwell's Puritan Commonwealth and Protectorate to pursue an effective colonial policy.
		In the 1670s, the Lords of Trade and Plantations, a royal committee established to enforce the mercantile system on the colonies, moved to annul the Massachusetts Bay charter, because the colony was resisting the government's economic policy.
		Colonial politics in the early 18th century resembled English politics in the 17th.
	odur.let.rug.nl /~usa/H/1994/ch2_p6.htm (1209 words)

	Australian Antarctic Division - Royal penguins
		Royal penguins are one species of the crested penguin group (genus called Eudyptes), so named for their yellow crest on their heads.
		Royal penguins have a white chin and macaroni penguins have a fl chin.
		Royal penguins are migratory, leaving Macquarie Island after the breeding season It is unknown where they go during this time, although there have been sightings from Tasmania to the Antarctic sector of the Southen Ocean.
	www.aad.gov.au /?casid=1913 (553 words)

	Royal Penguins - Wildlife of Antarctica - Antarctic Connection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Royal penguins eat crustaceans (mostly krill), fish and squid caught by pursuit-diving normally at depths of 50 to 150 feet.
		So densely packed are the colonies that vegetation disappears and the birds incubate and rear their chicks in mud.
		Colonies are deserted by May, after adults complete their molt ashore.
	www.antarcticconnection.com /antarctic/wildlife/penguins/royal.shtml (451 words)

	National Park Service - Colonials and Patriots (Introduction) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		By 1763 most of the colonial assemblies had, through this means, extended their powers to include freedom of debate, the right to judge the qualifications of their own members, regularly scheduled meetings, the right to fix their date of adjournment, and the exclusion of Crown-appointed officers from deliberations.
		Colonial political thought, strongly influenced by John Locke, had evolved two ideas foreign to the British political system—a growing belief in written constitutions and a belief in direct representation on a territorial basis.
		Colonial legislators rejected the Crown's contention that the instructions issued to royal Governors automatically became part of the colonial constitutions.
	www.cr.nps.gov /history/online_books/colonials-patriots/introg.htm (1298 words)

	Colonial New York
		Another, and probably the chief one, was that the Dutch colony on the Hudson separated New England from the other English colonies and threatened British dominion in North America.
		New York now became a royal colony, and the new king, who at heart despised popular government, refused to sign the Charter of Liberties, abolished the New York assembly, and sent Andros to govern the colony as consolidated with New England and New Jersey.
		The Leisler movement was in part the outgrowth of the anti-Catholic wave that swept over England and her colonies during the reign of James II, and Leisler's vivid imagination greatly magnified the danger of a general religious war.
	www.usahistory.info /colonies/New-York.html (2939 words)

	Murray High School.htm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Charter colonies were created on the basis of a written grant of authority from the king.
		Most of the 13 colonies were originally charter colonies but by the eve of the Revolution 8 of them were royal colonies.
		Virginia, which began as a charter colony, was the first to have its charter revoked and become a royal colony (1624).
	k12.albemarle.org /MurrayHS/SSHome_Page/Govt/oramgvt.htm (539 words)

	SCIFI.COM \| Farscape: Lifeform Encounters
		The society of the Colonies' Royal Planet is courtly and sophisticated.
		Second, after marriage, the new royal couple — with the female already bearing the new heir's embryo — must spend 80 cycles preserved as living statues in the Royal Court, observing and learning from everything that happens in their presence.
		Naturally, we arrived at the Breakaway Colonies during a rare moment of crisis: Princess Katralla could not find a genetically compatible mate, and the succession to the throne was in danger of being granted to her brother, Clavor, who was a pawn of the Scarrans.
	www.scifi.com /farscape/lifeform/colonies_maldis.html (514 words)

	Topic 2
		Colonial manufacturing was essentially permitted only for home consumption not export and certain goods were only to be purchased from Britain itself.
		Colonial merchants had been avoiding the Navigation Act by simply stopping at another colonial port before trading their goods outside the empire.
		In theory it was to be the central agency for administering colonial affairs.
	academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu /history/dfg/amrv/amrv-ii.htm (817 words)

	COLONIAL GOVERNMENT
		The thirteen colonies are usually grouped, according to the form of government, into three classes--the Charter, the Royal, and the Proprietary; but recent historical criticism has reduced these three forms to two, the Corporation and the Proviucial.
		One colony, Georgia, was founded after this time, and, after flourishing for nineteen years as a proprietary colony, was passed over to the Crown (1752) according to the terms of its charter.
		It was to this board that the colonial agents presented the interests of their respective colonies, and their efforts did much toward bringing about a closer fellowship between the mother country and the colonies.
	www.usgennet.org /usa/topic/colonial/book/chap10_5.html (2263 words)

	Lectures 3 and 4
		Because the colonies were populated by families, and because the economy depended upon imported labor, there was no need for the English to incorporate Indians into their lives.
		Delaware was an unchartered colony until it became a state in 1776.
		Thus, their commercial histories and geographical locations, ensured that the middle colonies under English control would continue to be commercially oriented and fueled by small farmers, craftsmen, and merchants.
	www.humboldt.edu /~go1/hist110/unit1/col.html (1805 words)

	Timeline: Toward a Revolution, 1750-1783
		Georgia, the last of the thirteen English settlements to be founded, becomes a royal colony.
		In this colony, as in other royal colonies, the king appoints a governor and a council.
		Throughout the colonies, local leaders begin to prepare for military resistance and develop new political institutions to replace British authority.
	www.history.org /history/teaching/study_visits/Resources/timeline.cfm (803 words)

	Royal Charters between Britain and Virginia involved Bermuda
		Then came the series of three royal Charters, or letters patent, dated 1606, 1609 and 1612, when in all three cases, James VI of Scotland and I of England was king.
		This royal grant was made to two closely allied groups of investors and included all the land from what became northern Maine south to about the region of present day Wilmington, North Carolina.
		The old royal council was abolished and the government of the Colony was placed in the hands of the Treasurer and council of the Company.
	www.bermuda-online.org /RoyalCharters.htm (1025 words)

	AllRefer.com - charter (Political Science: Terms And Concepts) - Encyclopedia
		It may be issued by the sovereign body of a state to a local governing body, university, or other corporation or by the constituted authority of a society or order to a local unit.
		The term was widely applied to various royal grants of rights in the Middle Ages and in early modern times.
		In colonial America, chartered colonies were in theory, and to an extent in fact, less subject to royal interference than were royal colonies.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/C/charter.html (225 words)

	Untitled
		There were three different types of English colonies based on who owned the colony and who governed it.
		All of the colonies began as either proprietary or corporate, but gradually most became royal colonies.
		During this period, most of the colonies had their charter revoked and became royal colonies.
	www.suite101.com /print_article.cfm/1330/11681 (479 words)

	The united states of america: the early years
		The thirteen colonies had a population of about one and a half million people, and most of these were Englishmen.
		Eight of the thirteen colonies were royal colonies, founded on charters granted by the King of England.
		In London,some of the agents representing the colonies were being treated with unfairness and abuse.
	ks.essortment.com /americaunited_rnre.htm (858 words)

	A Special Gleaner Feature on Pieces of the Past: 1692:Earthquake of Port Royal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The duration of the quake is unclear, many Port Royal residents are documented as saying that it lasted at least 15 minutes, but most reports indicated that the catastrophe took no more than two to three minutes.
		That was all it took to wipe out almost one-third of Port Royal's population, as in addition to those who died, up to 3,000 were reported to have sustained serious injuries.
		All that was left of Port Royal was about 25 acres, a substantially depleted population and a skeleton of a town.
	www.jamaica-gleaner.com /pages/history/story001.html (1316 words)

	boys clothing: British royalty -- chronolgical list (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		George's aim was to rule as well as reign, and he was a skillful and astute politician; by 1763 he had managed to regain many of the powers that the Whig ministers had appropriated during the reigns of the first two Georges.
		Since 1985 it has been royal policy that William should not fly in the same aeroplane as his father, Charles, since one fatal crash would mean the loss of England's next two kings.
		William's mother, Diana, set royal precedents in the amount of personal attention she gave to her children and the public affection she has showed to both William and Henry (or "Harry") is well recorded.
	histclo.hispeed.com /royal/eng/royal-ukchron.htm (4309 words)

	Dissertations, Essays on Differentiate among, define, and describe the following types of English Colonies: Royal, ...
		The legislature in a royal colony consisted of a crown appointed and crown controlled seven to twelve member council and lower house.
		To some, this could be seen as a foreshadowing of the soon to come Revolutionary War in which the colonies formed as a whole to create their own establishment which was to become the United States.
		To the dismay of the Private colonies, the crown still possessed the same powers over the legislation passed by them as it did in respect to both the Royal and Proprietary colonies.
	www.essayboom.com /essay/Differentiate_among_define_a-162471.html (218 words)

	Colonies to Republics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The ships in the background, ready now to carry the cargoes to the American colonies, are named after the Parliamentary figures who led the campaign for repeal.
		In practice, however, the royal governors -- even when supported by their councils -- found themselves confronted by a lower house which aggressively sought to limit their powers and enhance its own.
		Colonial condemnations of the Stamp Act not only affirmed the principles put forth by John Locke that taxation must rest upon consent, but went on to insist that the colonists were not represented in the House of Commons, and thus could not be taxed by Parliament.
	www.assumption.edu /dept/history/Hi118net/Hi%2013%20Essay%202%2097%20John (947 words)

	Royal Colonies, versus corporate or proprietary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Proprietary colonies were owned by an individual proprietor or by a small group of proprietors under a charter from the monarch.
		Such colonies were under the direct control of the monarch.
		By the end of the colonial period, only Connecticut and Rhode Island remained corporate colonies, and just Delaware, Maryland, and Pennsylvania were still proprietary.
	www.laughtergenealogy.com /bin/histprof/misc/royal.html (140 words)

	History of the New England Colonies
		Rhode Island and the settlements in New Hampshire and Maine asked to be admitted to the Union, but were denied, chiefly, as Winthrop said, "because they ran a different course from us, both in their ministry and civil administration." They would not bend to the dictates of Massachusetts in matters which concerned the conscience.
		That trade brought bullion, or uncoined gold and silver, into the colony, which led, in 1652, to the exercise of an act of sovereignty on the part of the authorities of Massachusetts by the establishment of a mint.
		His laws, found on the statute-books of the colony or divulged in the records of court proceedings, exhibit the salient points in his stern and inflexible character as a self-constituted censor, and a conservator of the moral and spiritual destiny of his fellow-mortals.
	www.publicbookshelf.com /public_html/Our_Country_Vol_1/historyne_hh.html (2204 words)

	Colonies
		You should be able to describe the people who owned the colonies/those people who settled the colony/their reasons for settlement/ the failures and successes of the colonies.
		You should be able to state which colonies were royal/corporate/proprietary.
		Proprietary colonies had an individual owner or small group of owners.
	www.pccua.edu /keough/Colonial%20era%20files/colonies.htm (48 words)

	Colonial America: The Public Sphere (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		These attempts at strictly governing the colonies were not successful for the most part, but by 1760 the number of colonies with royal governors had grown from one in 1650 to eight.
		During the 18th c., the colonial legislatures gained more control over their own parliaments' proceedings, achieved primary responsibility for legislation affecting taxation and defense, took over the salaries paid to royal officials, and took over many of the powers of the royal governors.
		The increasing political autonomy of the colonies reflects the increasing population.
	web.ics.purdue.edu /~agenad/624/Colonial.html (424 words)

	The Three Regions of Colonial America. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Colonial exports (except "non-enumerated articles") must first go to an English port to be taxed before it could go to a foreign port.
		Although certain sections hold onto their New England or Southern beliefs, it was the culture of the Middle Colonies that dominated the nationalism period, and the western expansion.
		When order was finally restored by William and Mary they paid the Puritans back by revoking their charter, and turning Massachusettes into a Royal Colony in 1691.
	www.historybytes.net /webnotes/chp04.html (1091 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		E: the colonies were unable to establish trade with Spain and France.
		B: In royal colonies the governor could summon or dismiss the assembly.
		E: In proprietary colonies, the proprietor appointed the governor.
	www2.rpa.net /~bcds/UNIT1-3.TXT (536 words)

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