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	channel4.com - Time Team - Royal forests
		The declaration of land as a royal forest was known by the legal term 'afforestation'.
		The royal forests reached their greatest extent during the reign of Henry II (1135-1154), although he was not as severe in his punishment of offenders against forest law as his predecessors.
		A whole panoply of forest law was established with the sole intention of protecting the 'venison and vert' of the forest.
	www.channel4.com /history/microsites/T/timeteam/snapshot_forests.html (801 words)

	Royal forest - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Forest law prescribed harsh punishment for anyone who committed a range of offences within the forests; by the mid-17th century, enforcement of this law had died out, but many of England's woodlands still bear the title Royal Forest.
		In addition, inhabitants of the forest were forbidden to bear hunting weapons, and dogs were banned from the forest; mastiffs were permitted as watchdogs, but they had to have their front claws removed to prevent them from hunting game.
		The foresters attached persons who had committed crimes against the forest law and brought them before this court to have them enrolled; however, it did not possess the power to try or convict individuals, and such cases had to be passed upwards to the swainmote or the court of justice seat.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Royal_forest (1846 words)

	New Forest - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The New Forest is an area of Hampshire in England which includes the largest remaining tracts of unenclosed pasture land, heathland and old-growth forest in the heavily-populated south east of England.
		The New Forest was created as a royal forest in 1079 by William the Conqueror for the hunting of (mainly) deer.
		Forest Laws were enacted to preserve the New Forest as a location for royal deer hunting, and interference with the King's deer and its forage was severely punished.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/New_Forest (1133 words)

	Forest Life - Little John Hathersage Sherwood Nottingham Robin Hood Loxley Peak District pictures history
		The legal boundary of a royal forest was frequently much larger than that of the woodland contained within it, so in the case of Sherwood the actual boundary of the forest may have been much larger than the wooded area itself.
		The royal forests occupied strategic positions, and unfortunately the history of the forests during the reigns of William I to Edward I is one of repeated royal abuse which affected the lives of the villagers and townsfolk who lived within the forest boundary whether they were rich or poor.
		The foresters were assisted by under-officers called variously wardens, rangers, underkeepers, bow-bearers, and under-foresters (Chaucer was once one, as a sinecure, another way the medieval kings could use the mechanism of their royal forests to reward people).
	myweb.ecomplanet.com /kirk6479/mycustompage0016.htm (1521 words)

	National Trust \| Hatfield Forest \| History \| Royal hunting forest
		The forests continued to be expanded by Henry I and his successors; by 1200 King John had over 140 forests at his hunting disposal.
		Hatfield was only a minor royal hunting forest, and was very rarely hunted by the king (possibly as there was no major house for him to stay in the area).
		We are not sure when Hatfield became a royal hunting forest in its own right, but was referred to by name in an undated charter of Henry I. In 1130 Hatfield was well established with a hereditary chief, and official appointed.
	www.nationaltrust.org.uk /main/w-vh/w-visits/w-findaplace/w-hatfieldforest/w-hatfieldforest-history/w-hatfieldforest-history-royal.htm (1144 words)

	Thailand: Forest Fires in Thailand (IFFN No. 9 - July 1993)
		Forest fires in Thailand occur annually during the dry season in the deciduous forests of drier environments but now also moist and evergreen forests are affected, and double burning (burning twice per year) on dry sites has become a regular feature.
		Natural forest vegetation can be grouped into dry, hill and moist evergreen forests types of the moister areas (totaling about 43%) and mixed and dry dipterocarp forest in drier areas, representing 22% and 31% of the forest respectively.
		Forest destruction reached a peak between 1976 and 1978 when 2.26% of forest was destroyed annually.
	www.fire.uni-freiburg.de /iffn/country/th/th_1.htm (1363 words)

	World Wide Words: No trees in the forest?
		A Forester is an officier of a forest of the King (or of an other man) that is sworne to preserue the Vert and Venison of the same forest, and to attend vpon the wild beasts within his Bailiwick, and to attach offendors there..
		The foresters were assisted by under-officers called variously wardens, rangers, underkeepers, bow-bearers, and under-foresters (Chaucer was once one, as a sinecure, another way the medieval kings could use the mechanism of their royal forests to reward people).
		The legal boundary of a royal forest was frequently much larger than that of the woodland contained in it, even in the case of those, such as Sherwood Forest, where the proportion of woodland was quite high.
	www.worldwidewords.org /articles/forest.htm (1125 words)

	Asia-Pacific Forestry Sector Outlook Study : Country Report - Thailand
		Forests which were not under concessions had to be protected by controlling their utilization and by punitive actions, which had been defined in the forestry laws, such as the Forest Act and the National Reserved Forest Act.
		Royal Forest Department was established on 18 September B.E. Prior to this time, there was the Royal Announce B.E. 2417 on Taxes of Teak and Non-Teak to control logging operations.
		Where forest protection committees have been active and successful in rehabilitation forest areas, the tenure uncertainty surrounding National Park Policy is undermining previous efforts of RFD at the local level.
	www.fao.org /DOCREP/003/X2649E/X2649E08.htm (3421 words)

	Submission of the Royal Forest and Bird Protection Society to the Buller District Council
		Log removal is a major change in the natural forest dynamics and has the potential for significant adverse effects on ecosystem functioning particularly in the hard beech forests of the Grey Valley where soils are acid, strongly weathered, leached and of low fertility.
		Forest and Bird has evidence of the company logging in riparian areas which according to the streamside management protocols should not be logged.
		Much of the forests in the application area, especially in the Maruia valley and parts of the eastern Paparoas and Orikaka are pristine, old growth forest with high ecological values.
	homepages.caverock.net.nz /~bj/beech/papers/F-Bsub.htm (3515 words)

	ESCAP PROJECT DOCUMENT
		Royal Thai Survey Department topographic maps from 1973, at a scale of 1:50,000, were used as base maps for the geographic database of the study area.
		Furthermore, in the case of mangrove forest land-use planning based on mangrove forest land-use zonation and land use/land cover in 1998, the definition of mangrove forest land-use zones and characteristics of land use and land cover were applied to define the new mangrove forest land-use classes.
		The mangrove forest land plan is based on the combination of the Cabinet Resolution on Mangrove Forest Land Use Zonation in 1987, which was designated by the Royal Forest Department, and land-use and land-cover types in the study area in 1998 that were extracted by visual interpretation of satellite images.
	www.unescap.org /icstd/SPACE/documents/MANGROVE/Thailand-doc.html (5539 words)

	DorsetLife On-Line Magazine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Thus Gillingham became a Royal Manor and the huge forest, lying to the east and south-east of the town, became a Royal Forest.
		The forest was also a source of influence as the monarch was able to reward loyal supporters with hunting with the royal hounds or falcons, or with venison and choice oaks.
		In 1585, it was realised that the forest was of little use to the Crown, and in 1588 a Commission was empowered to measure the forest, map it and parcel out some of the land between the Manor tenants.
	www.dorsetlife.co.uk /articles/ArticlesDetail.asp?ID=48 (838 words)

	Decentralization and Devolution of Forest Management in Asia and the Pacific
		Transformation of the landscape accelerated during this period, and by 1967, forest cover was reduced to 48 percent of the kingdom while the farm land increased to 26 percent.
		In 1985, The National Forest Policy targeted 40 percent of the country to be under forestland and stressed the need to involve local communities, the private sector, academia, and other agencies concerned with forest management.
		Forest Management and the TAO: This pilot project covers all 75 provinces in the country and aims to develop procedures for local forest officers to work effectively with the TAO administration to manage forestland in their territories.
	www.fao.org /DOCREP/003/X6898E/x6898e04d.htm (2046 words)

	Yorkshire - Little John Hathersage Sherwood Nottingham Robin Hood Loxley Peak District pictures history (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The northern boundary of the Royal Forest of the Peak is shown by the main road at the top of the picture (Woodhead Pass) while Tideswell and Buxton some 47 miles to the south mark the southern boundary.
		The western boundary of the Royal Forest is off the map as is the southern boundary also.
		The consequence was that near Loxley, on land that belonged to the Sheriff of Nottingham, was the "Royal Forest of the Peak" along with the magnificent Deer Park of Beauchief Abbey and it is easy to imagine the wrath of the monks and the sheriff who would be united against Robin Hood's poaching/hunting activities.
	myweb.ecomplanet.com /KIRK6479/mycustompage0031.htm (436 words)

	English Royal Forest
		Forest Law was a body of law outside the common law of the land, administered by an army of forest officials answerable only to the king.
		A royal passion for hunting cannot alone account for the fact that in the middle of the thirteenth century those regions declared to be "royal forests" comprised a staggering thirty percent of England--more land than one monarch could hunt on in his lifetime if he worked at it around the clock.
		The East Midlands particularly was a forest strong hold, containing what appears to be about one-third to one- half of all the royal forests at the middle of the thirteenth century.
	www.geocities.com /lrampey/erf.htm (2669 words)

	The Royal Forest of Dean - Gloucestershire
		The Royal Forest of Dean and the Wye Valley have an interesting and historical past.
		The beautiful forest and landscape provide breathtaking scenery and a popular recreation facility for the nearby town of Cheltenham and the City of Gloucester.
		Unlike some forests in the UK this woodland has been well preserved and a wide variety of trees and shrubs make it a hikers paradise.
	www.birminghamuk.com /forestofdean.htm (149 words)

	Inventory of Conflict and Environment (ICE), ROBIN HOOD Case
		He was a revolutionary who led an uprising against the royal priveledge and expropriation of common forest lands and their resources by peasantry.
		While he did rob the elite who transported goods or traveled through the forest, at the heart of the dispute is the forest itself and its resources.
		Robin is undeniably a bold poacher of venison, and doubtless his violation of the Forest Laws colored the audience response to his adventures, yet his infringements of the royal prerogative is very rarely mentioned in the ballads.
	www.american.edu /ted/ice/robinhood.htm (1075 words)

	Scotsman.com News - Scotland - Turning over a new leaf for royal forest (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		That area would have been part of the royal forest until it was abandoned by the king almost 500 years ago.
		He believes the history of the Ettrick Forest has been underplayed, and that its story should be told to visitors to the Borders and south-west Scotland.
		Oaks from Ettrick Forest were used by monks to build the great Border abbeys, and the area has inspired generations of writers of ballads and poetry.
	news.scotsman.com /scotland.cfm?id=336242003 (853 words)

	Thai Society for the Conservation of Wild Animals ::: Thai Forests : Royal Forest Department
		Based on satellite imaging done between 1996 and 1998, 29% of the country's surface area is forested, however this includes all types of forests, pararubber plantations and some reforestation activities.
		Tropical evergreen forest accounts for 10% of area, mixed deciduous forest 9%, dry dipterocarp forest 5%, pararubber 4%, and swamp, scrub, pine, bamboo and mangrove forests account for 1%.
		It is generally agreed by officials and non-governmental organisations that Thailand has a forest cover equal to 23%-25% of its total area of 513,000 km².
	www.tscwa.org /forests (423 words)

	Royal Ashdown Forest Golf Club
		Royal Ashdown Forest is the one outstanding course in the British Isles that doesn’t possess any bunkers.
		The most cunningly conceived hole at Royal Ashdown is undoubtedly the 6th, a short par three where, thanks to the aforementioned brook, the only place to be is on the green.
		The par fours, however, are the real strength of Royal Ashdown and the best of these two-shot holes is arguably the 17th which features a very searching but exhilarating downhill appproach.
	www.golfingguides.net /Products/UK/Details_Home.asp?ID=171 (318 words)

	Royal Forest of Dean (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		One of the remaining Royal Forests in England, it was originally designated by the Saxons for hunting.
		The Forest is also ideal for cycling, climbing (at Symonds Yat) caving, and other outdoor activities.
		Real Foresters (born themselves, and of parents born within the forest boundary) as they are locally known have ancient mining rights and may mine coal anywhere within the Forest.
	www.birdsoft.demon.co.uk /forest/forest.htm (282 words)

	About the Royal Forest Lodge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		he Royal Forest Lodge takes its name from the forest, or chase, previously situated to the south east of the Harrogate area, and in ancient times was owned exclusively by the Kings of England for the breeding and hunting of deer.
		On the formation of the Leeds Provincial Grand Lodge, the Royal Forest Lodge, now under the control of its present section or Banner was one of the founding Lodges of the new Province.
		December 1998, Her Majesty the Queen will be in Harrogate to open a new wing at the Harrogate District Hospital, and it is the intention of the Health Authority officials to draw Her Majesty’s attention, specifically, to the two beds sponsored in the name of the Order jointly by the two Lodges.
	www.raob.org /forest/about_the_royal_forest_lodge.htm (341 words)

	Robin Hood Territory - Little John Hathersage Sherwood Nottingham Robin Hood Loxley Peak District pictures history
		The two villages were on the edge of the ancient Royal Forest of the Peak and contemporary records show people from the surrounding villages poaching the king's deer in the Royal Forest that was the domain of the Sheriff of Nottingham.
		A toll was charged for passage through the forest and all things considered travellers chose the route along Watling Street even though it meant going through Barnsdale that was notorious for highway robbers.
		They were the tenants of the Earl of Chester who held the Royal Forest of the Peak while the Sheriff of Nottingham was active in the same area.
	www.robinhoodloxley.net /mycustompage0006.htm (759 words)

	The Royal Forest of Dean
		The Royal Forest of Dean is one of Britain's ancient forests, from where the "Hearts of Oak " came, that made England's Royal Navy supreme throughout the world.
		The Forest abounds with way marked paths and walks ranging from a few hundred yards to several miles and there are dedicated cycle trails and bridle paths for those who prefer to take their exercise mounted on Horse or Bicycle.
		The forest was latterly an important mining area and the towns and villages reflect that heritage.
	homepages.wyenet.co.uk /gbaker/id36.htm (203 words)

	Website Links for The Royal Forest of Dean - Gloucestershire
		Founded by the Normans, developed in royal hands as a stronghold in the Middle Ages and restored as a Victorian family home, the castle has a romantic and colourful history.
		The Dean Forest Railway is a preserved railway line tourist attraction in the Royal Forest of Dean, Gloucestershire.
		Launched in January 1993, the Royal Forest of Dean Orchestra is a lively and friendly ensemble, which meets on Thursday nights at The Belle Vue Centre in Cinderford.
	www.birminghamuk.com /forestlinks.htm (354 words)

	NEW FOREST BED AND BREAKFAST, B&B New Forest, New Forest Camping, Caravanning. New Forest Accommodation Selection.
		Choose from Bed and Breakfast in the New Forest, Camping and Caravan Parks in the New Forest, Self-Catering in the New Forest.
		The New Forest is the largest un-enclosed area in Southern England; ponies, donkeys, cattle, pigs and deer, to name a few, roaming freely.
		Wych Green Cottage is located in the north of the beautiful New Forest and is situated at Wych Green, which is a short walk from Penn Common and access to many pleasant walks are nearby.
	www.newforest-uk.com (642 words)

	ForestofDean
		The Forest of Dean takes its name from ‘dene’, an ancient word meaning series of wooded valleys in which swine are fed. The former is most apt for this beautiful landscape offering views across the Severn to the east and Wye Valley to the west.
		Covering over 200 square miles, the Forest of Dean is one of the largest areas of mixed woodlands in the UK with broadleaves and conifers of several species, flora and fauna, streams and ponds all masquerading the industrial remains of the Forest’s heavy industrial past - redundant iron mines, scowles, furnaces and disused mines.
		Today, in the 21st century, industrial coal and iron-mining has ceased, there are just a few stone quarries and, with these few exceptions, there is now no heavy industry within the forest, although the free-miners continue to work on a very small scale and sheep badgers graze their sheep freely in the woodlands.
	www.vagavalley.co.uk /forestofdean.htm (303 words)

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