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Topic: Rozwi Empire

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	Rozwi Empire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Rozwi empire survived until the Mfecane of the 1830s, when overpopulation to the south drove the Nguni and Ndebele people northwards into Rozwi territory in search of more land.
		The Rozwi were formed from several Shona states that dominated the plateau of present-day Zimbabwe at the time.
		The economic power of the Rozwi Empire was based on cattle wealth, but gold mining continued, and gold was traded for luxury imports.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Rozwi_Empire (344 words)

	Imperial Africa
		Empires that developed in the southern interior of the continent are not as well documented, and while they very likely did develop, as in the case of Great Zimbabwe, almost nothing is known about them.
		However, with the declining power of the Western Roman Empire, and pressures from the north on the Mediterranean and the resulting decline in import of goods from India, Axum began to loose it's major trading status and the importance of Axum's ports (and even their existence) was soon forgotten.
		The empire traded kola nuts, gold, ivory and slaves (eunuchs and young girls kidnapped in raids to the south of Kanem, a Kanuri specialty were much sought by North African Berbers) for horses, salt, copper and metal wares.
	empathosnationenterprises.com /Consulate/EN-Library/Black-Studies/afempire.html (4574 words)

	History of Zimbabwe
		The wealth of this empire was based on small-scale industries, for example iron smelting, textiles, gold and copper, along with agriculture.
		In the early 16th century the Portuguese arrived and destroyed this trade and began a series of wars which left the empire so weakened that it entered the 17th century in serious decline.
		As a result of the mid-19th century turmoil in Transvaal and Natal, the Rozwi Empire came to an end.
	ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/zi/Zimbabwe___Introduction.html (1842 words)

	History of the Shona People :::: Bulawayo1872.com
		The empire was an important source of gold and ivory, the area attracted Swahili traders from the east coast of Africa (in modern Tanzania).
		As a result of the mid-19th century turmoil in Transvaal and Natal, the Rozwi Empire came to an end, this was due to the fact that The Matebeles led by Mzilikazi came and devastated the region.
		The Rozwi emigrated westwards; cities and farmlands, palaces and irrigation canals were abandoned and grass began to grow over the ancient walls of Great Zimbabwe.
	www.bulawayo1872.com /history/shona.htm (1503 words)

	History of Zimbabwe - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The first major civilization to become established was the Mwene Mutapa (or Monomotapas), who were said to have built Great Zimbabwe, in the ruins of which was found the soapstone bird that features on the Zimbabwean flag.
		The regular inhabitants of the empire's trading towns were the Swahili merchants with whom trade was conducted.
		In the early 16th century A.D. the Portuguese arrived and destroyed this trade and began a series of wars which left the empire so weakened that it was near collapse in the early 17th century.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_Zimbabwe (2277 words)

	Eyes on Africa: Planning and Booking Safaris and Adventure Travel to Southern Africa
		By the beginning of the 17th century the Mutapa empire was in rapid decline as a result of its constant struggles with the invading Portuguese, coupled with a debilitating series of internal dynastic disputes.
		Beginning in the 14th century as a separate state from the Mutapa empire, the Rozwi kingdom reached its zenith in the 17th and 18th centuries.
		Rozwi power disintegrated in the mid-19th century after invasions from the south, the most important of which was led by Mzilikazi, the chief of the Ndebele.
	www.eyesonafrica.net /african-safari-zimbabwe/zimbabwe-info.htm (5953 words)

	Rozwi Empire - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		The Rozwi empire was located south of the Zambezi River and was centered on the stone city of Great...
		In 1693 the Portuguese were defeated by the Rozwi chieftaincy of Changamire, whose power was based in Torwa (also called Butua) in the southwest.
		In the 1790s the whole southern African region began to experience a prolonged series of droughts.
	encarta.msn.com /Rozwi_Empire.html (100 words)

	Baxter's EduNET - Time Machine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		In 1440, the successor to the throne, King Mutota of the Rozwi, a sub-clan of the larger Karanga nation, had assembled a powerful army.
		To the Europeans, Mwene Mutapa became known as the empire of Monomotapa.
		The Mwene Mutapa empire eventually was taken back by a member of the Mutota family, but Great Zimbabwe remained as the capital of a smaller, now independent Changmire kingdom.
	www.edunetconnect.com /cat/timemachine/700saf.html (327 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Dev Empire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Dev Empire, often called "DE" by those in the community, is a growing internet community devoted to the production, collaboration, development, and promotion of amateur video games and other programs, as well as the general creation of music, graphics, and literature.
		ProjectDev, or "ProjDev", is a sister site being developed by PsychoLord and Kav to complement Dev Empire and provide a place for aspiring programmers and developers to host their projects and receive creative criticism and feedback.
		The concept is kind of similar to that of SourceForge, but on a much smaller, more localized scale, giving people a chance to work out small problems from the start.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /topic/Dev_Empire.html (285 words)

	LOTE - Lords 1 - Empire of Ife (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		In the 1550's and 1560's the Ifen Empire faced an invasion of their Atlantic coastline by the Danish Empire, which succeeded in establishing the colony of Danish West Africa.
		Beset by New Mexicans in the west and Mixtecs in the center, the crumbling Ifen Empire moved its capital south to Boma in Kongo.
		With the Empire beset by foreign invasion and strained by co-habitation with the Coptics, the more restive tribes of the Empire decided that this was the time to throw off their shackles and run riot in the streets...
	www.snappydsl.com /rob/lords1/ife.html (1815 words)

	AfricAvenir
		The Mali Empire, centered on the upper reaches of the Sénégal and Niger rivers, was the second and most extensive of the three great West African empires.
		The Mali Empire served as a model of statecraft for later kingdoms long after its decline in the 15th and 16th centuries.
		During the breakup of the Songhai empire, an intense period of slave activity occurred in west Africa at the hands of Arab Islamic missionaries and European traders.
	www.africavenir.org /research/chronology/1200.php (2913 words)

	The Rozwi Empire and the Ndebele - History - Zimbabwe - Africa
		The Rozwi Empire and the Ndebele - History - Zimbabwe - Africa
		In the early 1830s the last Rozwi ruler was killed in his capital of Khami.
		During the mid-19th century most of the Karanga chieftaincies (whose people were now known as Shona) of central and northern Zimbabwe retained their independence, though from time to time they were forced to pay tribute to the Ndebele.
	www.countriesquest.com /Africa/Zimbabwe/History/The_Rozwi_Empire_and_the_Ndebele.htm (380 words)

	Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The archaeology of Rome, and later, the Roman Empire, has been divided into phases: the Iron Age in Rome, which embraces roughly the same chronological span as in the Greek world; the Archaic period, when Rome was ruled by kings; the period of the Republic, or Republican period; and the Empire.
		The end of the Roman Republic, and the beginning of the Roman Empire, is dated conventionally to 31 bc, with the total victory of Octavian, the future Emperor Augustus, over his rivals and the consolidation of power in the hands of one man.
		The emperor Augustus and his successors continued to expand the borders of the Roman Empire, which eventually encompassed most of the territory from the British Isles to the Caspian Sea.
	www.history.com /encyclopedia.do?articleId=201390 (11029 words)

	[No title]
		The Rozwi, a southern Karanga group, rebelled in the late 1400's and founded the Changamire Empire.
		This empire became stronger than the Mwanamutapa Empire, and the Rozwi took over the city of Zimbabwe.
		The Changamire Empire was prosperous and peaceful until Nguni people from the south defeated much of the empire in the 1830's.
	www.library.by /shpargalka/belarus/english/001/eng-034.htm (1677 words)

	Profile - Zimbabwe
		Zimbabwe was the British colony of Southern Rhodesia from the late 1800s until 1965, when its white settlers proclaimed it the state of Rhodesia, which Britain refused to recognize.
		During the 1880s the coastline of Africa was partitioned between Germany, Portugal, and Britain, and competition between European and African powers for land in the interior became intense.
		The Portuguese sent missions to secure the submission of the northern Shona chiefs, the Gaza Empire of southern Mozambique brought the eastern borderlands under its rule, and Afrikaner settlers began to spread north from the Transvaal.
	www.inadev.org /profile_-_zimbabwe.htm (6984 words)

	Paradox Interactive Forums - Xhosa: A one-province pagan minor takes on the world.
		I determine that Rozwi is building no cavalry; but at least some cavalry is being built in Zimbabwe.
		On July 1, 1430, I send the cavalry in Rozwi to Sofala since they may be required for a second attack in Nampuia if the first attack fails.
		Rozwi and Nembire only allow the placement of exactly 5000 men without supply attrition.
	forum.paradoxplaza.com /forum/showthread.php?t=196482 (12112 words)

	History of Zimbabwe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Bythe mid 1440s, King Mutota's empire included almost all of the Rhodesian (Zimbabwean)plateau and extensive parts of what is now Mozambique.
		Theregular inhabitants of the empire's trading towns were the Arab and Swahili merchants with whom trade was conducted.
		In the early 16th century the Portuguese arrived and destroyed this trade andbegan a series of wars which left the empire so weakened that it entered the 17th century in serious decline.
	www.therfcc.org /history-of-zimbabwe-14827.html (1881 words)

	Zimbabwe
		In the mid 15th century the Mwene Mutapa Empire were based here and covered most of Zimbabwe and much of Mozambique.
		Meanwhile, the Rozwi Empire was expanding from the west replacing the Mwene Mutapa and driving the Portuguese back to the coast by the end of the 17th.
		The Rozwi occupied and added to the Great Zimbabwe site until they were defeated by the Ngoni tribes who moved in from the south around 1830 during the great "mfecane" migrations caused by the Zulu's aggressive military expansion.
	us-africa.tripod.com /zimbabwe.html (2499 words)

	History of Kaguvi, Sekuru :::: Bulawayo1872.com
		The historical Kaguvi lived in the land currently known as Zimbabwe and was active between 1660 and 1680 as one of the founders of the Rozwi Empire.
		He was at that time the leader of Guruuswa, the area occupying the south-west quarter of Zimbabwe, and he took over leadership of the Rozwi dynasty from Gumboreshumba who is called the progenitor of the Rozwi dynasty which eventually ruled most of this country.
		One of his sons was Gumboreshumba, presumably named after the founder of the Rozwi dynasty and prior to the European occupation in 1890, Gumboreshumba found himself possessed of the Kaguvi spirit previously held by his grandfather, Kawodza.
	www.bulawayo1872.com /history/kaguvisekuru.htm (620 words)

	A History of Africa, Chapter 6
		Though nearly as large as ever, the empire was but a shadow of its former self, and a small push probably could have toppled it.
		Algeria was too far away from the rest of the Ottoman Empire to govern as anything but an autonomous province, but the size and effectiveness of its corsair fleet made it a regional power in the western Mediterranean.
		The Ottoman Empire coasted into a long, steady decline after 1600, though it managed to avoid losing any territory until the seventeenth century was nearly over.
	xenohistorian.faithweb.com /africa/af06.html (20933 words)

	IMPERO DI ROZWI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		In 1693 i Portoghesi sono stati sconfitti dal chieftaincy di Rozwi di Changamire, di cui il potere è stato basato in Butua nel sud-ovest.
		Il Rozwi è stato formato da parecchie condizioni di Shona che hanno dominato allora il plateau dello Zimbabwe attuale.
		I capi di Rozwi hanno fatto rivivere la tradizione di costruzione nella pietra ed hanno costruito le città impressionanti durante il sud-ovest.
	www.facteri.com /wiki/it/im/Impero%20Di%20Rozwi.htm (363 words)

	Lords of the Earth Campaign 16, Turn 41, A.D. 1105
		His rule over the empire stopped only long enough in November of 1101 to welcome his twin sons are heir and prince to the crown.
		The empire just cannot believe it's luck the Kingdom of Japan has not moved towards it in sometime now and no one else seems to be viewing it as a good addition to it's nation.
		He was proud of the fact that he was spreading the power of the empire down into the jungles on the other side of the mountains.
	members.aol.com /solsonesq/Lords16/L16_t041.htm (5463 words)

	Profile - Mozambique
		Partly as a result, the Rozwi chief Changamire was able to lead a revolt in 1693 that succeeded in expelling the Portuguese from most of the highlands.
		Soshangane established the Gaza Empire, which at its height in the 1860s covered the whole of Mozambique between the Zambezi and Limpopo rivers.
		The final defeat of the warlords along the Zambezi was achieved in 1902, but the entirety of Mozambique was not fully under Portuguese control until the 1920s.
	www.inadev.org /profile_-_mozambique.htm (5884 words)

	Zimbabwe - HISTORY
		* the wealth of this empire was based on small-scale industries, for example iron smelting, textiles, gold and copper, along with agriculture.
		* The regular inhabitants of the empire's trading towns were the Arab and Swahili merchants with whom trade was conducted.
		* As a result of the mid-19th century turmoil in Transvaal and Natal, the Rozwi Empire came to an end.
	www.africanet.com /africanet/country/zimbabwe/history.htm (936 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		It is not until 1565 that the King of Portugal, seeing the wealth that comes out of the territory to the south of the Zambesi makes a move to get a foothold on the territory.
		But they have left the empire weakened and in serious decline.Several Shona States come together and form the ROZWI empire.
		By 1889 Cecil John Rhodes, soon to be Prime Minister of the Cape, obtains a mining concession from Lobengulu who is caught between the expansionist Boers in South Africa and the British Empire and the dream of a railway running from Cape to Cairo.
	www.mweb.co.zw /index.php?fArticleId=5191 (1355 words)

	Lords of the Earth Campaign 16, Turn 0, A.D. 900
		The Byzantine Empire, as it is also known, is at the peak of its power.
		The Song Empire emerged from the the confusion caused by the fall of the Tang to unite much of China.
		The Ouagadou is perhaps the richest empire to rise from the gold trade.
	members.aol.com /solsonesq/Lords16/L16_t000.htm (4469 words)

	The Fall Of Zimbabwe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Karanga state fell, and the survivors regrouped into a series of confederations, such as the Rozwi empire, but they were no longer wealthy enough to build towers.
		Europeans were blocked from entering the interior because the tse-tse fly killed the horses and oxen which carried their expeditions, while African armies used their superior numbers to kill European invaders in the usual way.
		As a result, the European empires had remained along the coast, like the Portuguese, or at the cool southern tip of Africa, like the Dutch, and no one had tried to control the interior.
	www.willmore.net /fall_of_zimbabwe.htm (3223 words)

	Mozambique - MSN Encarta
		The Portuguese established fortified mining camps in the highlands of western Mozambique and northern Zimbabwe, but Portugal had difficulty attracting European settlers into the area.
		Partly as a result, the Rozwi chief Changamire was able to lead a revolt in 1693 that succeeded in expelling the Portuguese from most of the highlands (see Rozwi Empire).
		Despite their eviction from the highlands, the Portuguese gradually extended their control up the Zambezi Valley and north and south along the Mozambican coast.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761571212_7/Mozambique.html (1057 words)

	Paradox Interactive Forums - Four little fish in a very big pond.
		The rebels in Rozwi are defeated in October and Zimbabwe is cleared by the end of November.
		Shortly after, word arrives that the Ottoman empire has declared war on Georgia who are nobly, but foolishly, supported by their allies Byzantium.
		The Ottoman empire were to have little opportunity for peace as Genoa and the French alliance declare war two months later.
	www.europa-universalis.com /forum/showthread.php?s=&threadid=36983 (7758 words)

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