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	RUAPUKE ISLAND Shipping Disasters Before 1900
		RUAPUKE ISLAND: Low lying island, 13km by 6km, 1600ha in area, in the eastern approaches to Foveaux Strait, 20km south-east from Bluff, 30km north-east from Stewart Island, Southland District.
		The Island is privately owned, and most of the area, apart from a few strands of bush, is now either scrub or open land used for sheep grazing.
		In the early 1800’s Ruapuke Island was a stronghold for the Ngai Tahu paramount chief Tuhawaiki (“Bloody Jack”), and supported the largest Maori population in southern New Zealand.
	www.angelfire.com /ok2/cbluff/shipwrecksruapuke.html (206 words)

	Stewart Island/Rakiura - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The north of the island is dominated by the swampy valley of the Freshwater River.
		The highest peak on the island is Mt Anglem, close to the northern coast, at a height of 979 metres.
		In the southeast, the land is somewhat lower, and is drained by the valleys of the Toitoi, Lords and Heron rivers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Stewart_Island (1068 words)

	Cruise To Stewart Island/Rakiura. An interview with Ken Laing - Stewart Island New Zealand, Fiordland Travel Cruise, ...
		The kakapo on Stewart Island were under terrible threat from the wild cats in the late 1970s and they were to be relocated on vermin-free Codfish Island.
		The manuka on Stewart Island have a differently shaped leaf from the manuka on the South Island so they are thought perhaps to be a different species.
		The island was declared a Scenic Reserve in the 1920s and recently it was cleared of introduced rats by the Department of Conservation and declared a DOC Open Sanctuary.
	www.nzine.co.nz /features/stewart_island2.html (2298 words)

	Journal of the Bishop's Visitation Tour
		To the west was the island for which we were steering, moderately elevated above the sea, and indented with deep bays, in the form of a Maltese cross, so that the walk round the island is of considerable length.
		In Ruapuke, as throughout the greater part of the Middle Island, the use of canoes has been superseded by that of English boats, which the natives buy from the traders with whalebone, found in considerable quantities on the beach after a gale.
		Ruapuke is a charming little island, containing all the characteristic features of New Zealand in miniature; woods, swamps, hills, lakes, bays, and rocky headlands, with pretty native villages (pretty, I mean, when seen from a distance), enlivening the scene.
	anglicanhistory.org /nz/spg8.html (8476 words)

	SingaporeMoms - Parenting Encyclopedia - Stewart Island
		Notable among these are Ruapuke Island, which lies in Foveaux Strait 32 kilometres to the northeast of Oban, Codfish Island, which lies close to Stewart Island's northwest shore, and Big South Cape Island, located off the southwestern tip of Stewart Island.
		Other islands of interest include Bench, Native, and Ulva Island, all close to the mouth of Paterson Inlet, and Pearl, Anchorage, and Noble Island, close to Port Pegasus in Stewart Island's southwest.
		Europeans realised it was an island at the beginning of the 19th century.
	www.singaporemoms.com /parenting/Stewart_Island (754 words)

	Ruapuke Island - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ruapuke Island is one of the southernmost islands in New Zealand's main chain of islands.
		It lies 25 kilometres to the southeast of Bluff and 32 kilometres northeast of Oban on Stewart Island/Rakiura.
		The island covers an area of about 16 km².
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ruapuke_Island (83 words)

	A look at Bluff's history
		It was dominated by a 265 meter hill from which magnificent vistas spread in all directions To the south and east lay Foveaux Strait and in the distance Stewart island and Ruapuke Islands.
		To the north lay Bluff Harbour itself, beyond to the north and west the vast expanse of the Southland Plains to which Bluff was connected by a narrow neck at the northwestern corner of the peninsula.
		The main Maori settlement in the area which became known as Southland, was Ruapuke Island, which with its seven pas was the base of the paramount chief of the South Island, Tuhawaiki, otherwise known as 'King of the Bluff' or Bloody Jack'.
	www.bluff.co.nz /history2.html (698 words)

	Unique Wildlife of New Zealand
		The island is roughly triangular in shape, with the west coast from Black Rock Point in the north to South West Cape being 60 kilometres long.
		On the east coast Paterson Inlet penetrates inland almost half the width of the island and running further inland from the head of the inlet is the Freshwater River.
		The Stewart Island brown kiwi is larger than the two other sub-species found in the North and South islands and it is now believed that the first kiwi to be collected and described was probably a local bird taken to Sydney by returning sealers.
	homepages.ihug.co.nz /~janm/wildlife/stewart (906 words)

	1World2travel - New Zealand-Stewart Island (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Stewart Island or Rakiura is the third largest island of New Zealand.
		Geography: The north of the island is dominated by the swampy valley of the Freshwater River.
		Ulva Island with an area of 250 hectares is situated in Paterson Inlet.
	www.1world2travel.com /article.php?articleID=2619 (321 words)

	Southern Islands Biodiversity Action Plan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		There is no history of a mouse population on Stewart Island, the closest known site of infestation being Ruapuke Island in Foveaux Strait in 1824 (King 1990).
		Stewart Island’s conservation lands remain mustelid and mouse free on an ongoing basis.
		Island eradications would be the only permitted use for aerial application.
	www.doc.govt.nz /regional-info/013~Southland/005~Publications/Southern-Islands-Biodiversity-Action-Plan/106~2.7-Dogs-and-2.8-Mustelids,-Mice.asp (1919 words)

	Waitangi Tribunal - About the Reports
		Ruapuke, Rakiura and the Titi Islands were excluded.
		The claimants suggested that the original Maori was confusing, and that Mackay's "and by the coast from Milford Haven round to Tokata, with Tauraka, Rarotoka, Motupiu, and all the islands lying adjacent to the shore", does not reflect the meaning of the deed.
		His inquiry eventually led to the passing of the Middle Island Half-Caste Crown Grants Act 1877, which provided for grants of the same size as the 1873 Act to a named group of 53 persons living in Canterbury and 118 persons living in Otago.
	www.waitangi-tribunal.govt.nz /reports/viewchapter.asp?reportID=D5D84302-EB22-4A52-BE78-16AF39F71D91&chapter=111 (3867 words)

	New Zealand - CaptainWiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The two main islands, which are much larger than the rest and where most of the population lives, are the North Island and the South Island.
		The latter is often a little ironically referred to as the "mainland", especially by its residents, it being only a little larger and having a lower population.
		Stewart Island/Rakiura is by far the biggest of the smaller islands, although Waiheke Island has the third-largest population.
	www.captainwiki.com /index.php?title=New_Zealand (94 words)

	BIOGRAPHY 2 OF LEWIS ACKER
		Suitable stones were transported as boat ballast to Stewart Island and were used for the construction of what was to become the house of this pioneer, his wife and family of nine children.
		Life on the "Island" in those days would have been rugged when you consider that for a good part of the time the male partner would be absent because his work took him away from the home.
		The Island is at the mouth of New River, or Oreti as it is known today sheltered from the South by Omaui Point and Greenhills.
	mysite.wanadoo-members.co.uk /LewisAckerNZ/lewis2.htm (1686 words)

	RUAPUKE ISLAND - 1966 Encyclopaedia of New Zealand
		Ruapuke Island, in the eastern approaches to Foveaux Strait, covers about 3,500 acres.
		Some forest remains, but most of the island is now either scrub or open land used for sheep grazing.
		Geologically it is composed of crystalline metamorphic and igneous rocks similar to those at Bluff and on the north-east corner of Stewart Island.
	www.teara.govt.nz /1966/R/RuapukeIsland/RuapukeIsland/en (254 words)

	Early independent and foreign surveys in New Zealand waters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		An observatory was established on the beach at the centre of Orakawa Bay and the French worked on a survey of the Bay of Islands.
		In Cook's chart of New Zealand, parts of the west coast of the North Island are placed too far west, and parts of the east coast of the South Island are placed too far east.
		After his return to England, Herd's information enabled the English chart publisher J. Norie to be the first to lay down the east coast of the northern half of the South Island and both coasts of the southern part of the North Island correctly, on printed charts.
	delzur_research.tripod.com /nzresearch/independent_surveys.htm (2379 words)

	Stewart Island Flights : Stewart Island Air Service, Scenic Flights Stewart Island
		Stewart Island Flights operate two Britten Norman Islanders and has access to a Cessna 185 and Piper PA32 to maintain daily regular scheduled flights from Invercargill to Stewart Island.
		A visit to Stewart Island is a holiday with a difference, an experience which is difficult to adequately describe, but must be experienced to be understood.
		With only one percent of The Island being settled, there is a huge unspoilt area beckoning the adventurous visitor who chooses to travel further afield.
	www.tourism.net.nz /new-zealand/transport/air-charters/stewart-island/stewart-island-flights (729 words)

	tuturau
		This monument is octagon shape and constructed of boulders taken from the Mataura River, some stones from various parts of eastern Southland, and the magnificent granite for the top came from the island of Ruapuke, in Foveaux Strait.
		The head was eventually taken to Ruapuke Island, where it was embalmed.
		As blood had been shed at the Pa of Tuturau, the place was tapu, and so the body of this warrior was rolled in a mat and the whole place was burned to the ground.
	mysite.wanadoo-members.co.uk /LewisAckerNZ/tuturau.htm (1616 words)

	Southern Air (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Prior to the establishment of Southern Air twenty years ago, Stewart Island Air Service was an Amphibian Aircraft landing in the sea and taxiing up the beach to the local hotel (terminal building).
		Stewart Island Flights are happy to quote for aircraft charter to any airport in New Zealand.
		At the Depot, which is also the Island Post Office, you can book many of the activities available on Stewart Island.
	www.pacificislandtravel.com /New_zealand/flights/southernairline.html (694 words)

	Captain Cook's Journal during his first voyage round the world, by James Cook (chapter6)
		I likewise saw some Islands lying on the East side of the inlet, which before I had taken to be a part of the main land.
		At 8 o’Clock the Extreams of the Island bore North 76 degrees West and North-North-East 1/2 East, and an opening that had the Appearance of a Bay or Harbour, lying near the South point North 20 degrees West, distant 3 or 4 Leagues, being in 38 fathoms, a brown Sandy bottom.
		They dress their Victuals in the same Manner as the people in the South Sea Islands; that is, dogs and Large fish they bake in a hole in the ground, and small fish, birds, and Shell fish, etc., they broil on the fire.
	etext.library.adelaide.edu.au /c/cook/james/c77j/chapter6.html (14874 words)

	Blue Cod
		Although blue cod live in waters down to about 80 m in depth, they are abundant right up to the shoreline, and in many localities are strongly territorial all year round (Doak 1972).
		Using the results of this study it is possible to estimate the live size of blue cod in archaeological sites, and to reconstruct the size frequency distribution of the catch.
		At Mana Island, mean fish size increased significantly, possibly because of the fishing strategy employed.
	www.cs.otago.ac.nz /research/foss/Bridge/blue1.htm (922 words)

	DNZB / BIOGRAPHY
		On 9 January 1853, at Ruapuke Island, Patuki was married to Kate Kairo by the Reverend Wohlers.
		Kate Kairo died in November 1876, and in February 1881 the marriage between Patuki and Madeleine Kurukuru was solemnised at Ruapuke.
		Kihau was a shy youth of 14 and Patuki became the effective leader on Ruapuke, where he was recognised as 'a young chief of rising influence', according to Edward Shortland.
	www.dnzb.govt.nz /dnzb/Essay_Body.asp?PersonEssay=1P11 (1101 words)

	The Freeman-Hotte Home Page - Template
		The Maruffa had been traveling from Dunedin to Stewart Island as we were and encountered a storm during the night while under power with a reefed mizzen to steady her.
		Foveaux Strait, the main strait between Stewart Island and the mainland is riddled with reefs, shoals and islets, Ruapuke being the largest at about four miles long by two miles wide.
		None of these dangers had beacons or lights and the only lights were the Dog Island lighthouse, a powerful light ten miles to the northwest of Ruapuke Island and the Ackers Point Light near the entrance to the harbour at Oban.
	members.shaw.ca /petersfreeman/sports/sailing/stewarti.htm (6576 words)

	Bible Society - The Sequel of Tarores Story
		The idea that he should kill the men of that island lingered in Te Rauparaha's mind for some time but it was not to be, for a new regime was coming.
		That Ngai Tahu did survive in the northern part of the island and rehabilitate themselves was also due to the influence of the Christian gospel.
		He went on a missionary journey to the South Island with Te Whiwhi in December 1842, returning with Bishop Selwyn in 1844.
	www.biblesoc.org.nz /bsnz/sequel.htm (2293 words)

	Otago to Mataura River, Ruapuke Island, New Haven Harbor, and Waikawa Harbor, New zealand - MAPS
		Otago to Mataura River, Ruapuke Island, New Haven Harbor, and Waikawa Harbor, New zealand - MAPS
		Otago to Mataura River, Ruapuke Island, New Haven Harbor, and Waikawa Harbor, New zealand
		This coastal survey was printed in October 1944 by the U.S. Navy Hydrographic Office in Washington D.C. Details include the names of cities and waterways along the coast.
	www.rare-maps.com /details.cfm?type=maps&rid=1564134 (88 words)

	Places
		The present church opened in 1941, and was part of a centennial memorial to the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi on 13th June 1840 and the establishment of the first Christian mission in the southern part of Te Waipounamu at Waikouaiti in May 1840.
		Tuhawaiki was a Käi Tahu Rakatira based on Ruapuke Island in Foveaux Strait.
		Indeed he signed the Treaty at Ruapuke, and most of the sale deeds, including that of the Ötäkou Block.
	www.kaitahu.org.nz /otakou/places.html (565 words)

	More about St. Mary's, Riverton
		He was first seen walking on the beach towards Riverton with his boots tied round his neck, and his feet were greatly swollen as the result of his long journey.
		Prior to Bishop Selwyn's visit, all marriages had to take place at Ruapuke Island where Rev Johannes Wohlers was stationed.
		He was a missionary from the North German Mission Society who was stationed on the tiny island in the centre of the treacherous stretch of water known as Foveaux Strait.
	www.dn.anglican.org.nz /parishes/west_southland/riverton2.shtml (854 words)

	DNZB / BIOGRAPHY
		The story of James Caddell, who was taken prisoner by Maori on Stewart Island in 1810 and then grew up among his captors, is an extraordinary one.
		Captain Edwardson's chart of Port Snapper, as he named the island's harbour, marks the 'Residence of James Caddell' on the northern shore.
		Kent landed Caddell and his wife on Ruapuke Island, but they sailed with him again to Bluff, where he purchased 404 pounds of flax.
	www.dnzb.govt.nz /dnzb/Essay_Body.asp?PersonEssay=1C1 (526 words)

	[No title]
		Ruapuke, one of the muttonbird islands, was where the Treaty of Waitangi was signed for that area.
		To commemorate the 150th anniversary of the signing of the Treaty in 1990, Ngai Tahu were inviting all the tribe’s families to Ruapuke while at the same time asking for signatures from those who were heads of the tribe to allow negotiations to begin for some sort of settlement with the Crown.
		When we hit Stewart Island the birds were everywhere, all the way down to Taukihepa, sometimes in huge flocks skimming the water, rising with ease, then sweeping down in a constant rotation.
	www.bruceconnew.com /projectintro.php?projectID=mbirds (11071 words)

	The Presbyterian Church and Maori Mission
		The Rev. J.F.H. Wohlers of the North German Missionary Society (Morvainian Mission) settled on Ruapuke Island in Foveaux Strait until the population dwindled in 1868 and the mission was transferred to Stewart Island.
		Rev Wohlers remained on Ruapuke and continued a ministry among those remaining on the Island.
		The position of Maori on Stewart Island was of concern to the Presbyterian Church who approached Sir Donald McLean for financial support to appoint a teacher.
	www.archives.presbyterian.org.nz /page15.htm (926 words)

	Stewart Island Flights - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The flight from Invercargill to the Ryan’s Creek airfield on Stewart Island is a comfortable twenty minutes encompassing astonishing views of both Foveaux Strait and Stewart Island.
		As you draw closer, Stewart Island, “The Emerald of the South” appears, with its golden beaches, sparkling turquoise water and verdant green native bush.
		At the Depot, which is also the island’s post office, you can book many of the activities Stewart Island has to offer.
	www.stewartislandflights.com /sections/theflight/theflight (153 words)

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