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	Tempo rubato - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Tempo rubato (Italian "robbed time") is a musical term for slightly speeding up or slowing down the tempo as well as altering the relationships among the written note values.
		Rubato, even when not denoted, is often used liberally by many singers for added musical affect by singing at a slightly different tempo than their accompaniment.
		He said that the left hand is to be played in the strictest of time and the right hand is to be played freely or with rubato around the bass or left hand.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Rubato (129 words)

	How To Play Rubato On The Piano (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		rubato - definition of rubato in Encyclopedia - In piano music this is sometimes a solution used to play a wide-ranged chord which,...
		Introducing rubato in the first term of piano is not a primary goal.
		Rubato is the borrowing of time from certain notes in order to give to others,...
	www.pianothings.com /how-to-play-rubato-on-the-piano.html (790 words)

	MSMG: Explanation of meter parameters
		(Rubato refers to expressive variation in tempo.) With rubato factor = 0.0, there is no rubato: quarter-note beats are spaced perfectly evenly (at a distance determined by the "beat interval" parameter), and lower-level beats are equally spaced in between.
		If rubato factor is set to a non-zero value, a random element is added to each quarter-note beat interval (the interval between the previous quarter-note beat and the current one).
		As rubato factor increases towards 1.0 the size of this random element increases; If beat interval=500 and rubato factor=1.0, it ranges from 0 to 100 ms (positive or negative), so that actual beat intervals vary from 400 ms to 600 ms.
	www.link.cs.cmu.edu /melody-generator/meter-exp.html (796 words)

	MTO 11.1: Rothstein, Like Falling off a Log
		When Lussy applies the same rules of rubato to Don Giovanni that he does to the operas of Donizetti and Meyerbeer, he reveals something about how Mozart's music was performed in the third quarter of the nineteenth century; but he also alerts us, unintentionally, to the dangers of over-generalizing about rubato.
		Rubato in these melodies is ruled by patterns of tension and release within the larger cycles, not the smaller ones.
		Even within these limits, principles of rubato will have, at best, the status of Lerdahl and Jackendoff's preference rules, which often come into conflict in such a way that their resolution--the decision as to which rule governs a certain situation--is a matter of judgment.
	www.societymusictheory.org /mto/issues/mto.05.11.1/mto.05.11.1.rothstein_essay.html (5208 words)

	Polish Music Journal 4.1.01 - Paderewski: Tempo Rubato
		Prior to his arguments, English-speaking music writers believed that performing in tempo rubato necessarily involves the use of "compensation" in the form of accelerating the second part of a given measure if the first part is slowed down, so that the whole measure remains of the same duration.
		Tempo Rubato is not pathological, it is physiological, as it is a normal function of interpretative art.
		Tempo Rubato is a potent factor in musical oratory, and every interpreter should be able to use it skillfully and judiciously, as it emphasizes the expression, introduces variety, infuses life into mechanical execution.
	www.usc.edu /dept/polish_music/PMJ/issue/4.1.01/paderewskirubato.html (3754 words)

	RUBATO - Artistic Director (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Rubato, founded in 1986 by choreographer Fiona Quilligan, is a collective of professional dance artists committed to excellence in the creation and performance of new Irish dance works.
		In 1990, Rubato was proud to receive the Nijinsky medal from the Polish Artists Agency Warsaw, AIB Better Ireland Award for Arts and Culture in 1992 and an ESB National Environmental Awareness Award in 1999.
		Rubato’s commitment to new music commissions include Fergus Johnston for Signals and The Wounded Child, Raymond Deane Bull Dance, Martin O’Leary A Close Shave and Live Sax, Frankie Lane Dark Pigeons and Cúchulainn a Chroí, Paul Kelly for Miss Monaghan.
	www.iol.ie /~rubato/rubato.html (142 words)

	When and how do you introduce the first rubato? (1992)
		It would be impossible to devise rules for the introduction of rubato for all students or predict when the first magic moment of stretching for expressive purposes might occur.
		It was the pause that "only real musicians know about!!" Following abundant affirmation and discussion about the effectiveness of her performance, we made the decision for her to play it as an offertory for chapel at her parochial school.
		Rubato might occur in the four measures which start with the words "And all the earth trembles." Feeling this drama, the student takes time to convey the depth of feeling to the listener.
	www.keyboardcompanion.com /RubatOldArticle/Page2.html (1209 words)

	When and How Do You Introduce Rubato?
		Before the appearance of the term in baroque vocal music of the early eighteenth century, the practice of elongating certain values of the melody while accelerating others for expressive purposes existed in vocal forms such as Gregorian chant, recitative and baroque monody, as well as in instrumental forms such as the toccata and the prelude.
		The most difficult stage of teaching rubato is found in pieces that have a particular texture: the melody is made up of both long and short rhythmic values, without an accompanimental pattern in constant rhythmic motion.
		The rhythmic gauge normally provided by the constant values is not there, and thus the student will unavoidably have to calculate the rhythmic values and preserve their relationship, while at the same time proportionately slackening and tightening the tempo.
	www.keyboardcompanion.com /RubatoArticle/Rubato2.html (1328 words)

	Rubato Appassionato-The ensemble
		Rubato Appassionato was founded in the year 2000 at the Royal Conservatory in The Hague.
		The ensemble devotes itself to baroque music, exploring the beauty and elegance of the 18th century.
		Rubato Appassionato has performed all over Holland, Spain and Israel.
	www.dionysusconsort.com /rubato/ensemble.htm (143 words)

	Janice K (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		On account of this rubato style, no two people will play a Chopin piece exactly the same way; these pieces are flexible and open to interpretation.
		The list of what one can put into the rubato cannot be totaled or even stated justly, for rubato is emotion, abandonment of what is normal, and the pouring of one’s soul into the music and more.
		The rubato had its origin in Gregorian chant; the singers held certain notes ad libitum, taking the other notes rapidly, [...] The recitative introduced into Italy in the sixteenth century, and which was also the revival of old Greek traditions, is nothing but the rubato style.
	students.uwsp.edu /jmcca496/MLChopin.htm (1602 words)

	Rubato: A Music Input and Performance System
		Rubato is a set of tools and a programming environment that collectively allow a user to enter music into a computer using a language (called the Rubato language) that is compact, flexible and modelled closely on conventional (common practice) musical notation.
		Rubato does not currently solve the problem of implicit performance interpretation rules which are missing from CMN (and hence from the Rubato language), but it is hoped that some of these rules will be encoded into the interpreter and/or player in the future so that the performance of Rubato encoded pieces will be more realistic.
		The Rubato system is also an attempt at creating a music input and performance system using established techniques in compiler construction and language design and taking advantage of recent research into parallel computation and the development of concurrent languages.
	members.value.com.au /christie/rub_full.html (14770 words)

	Playing Musically
		Rubato is a difficult subject to teach, because words and descriptions are often inadequate.
		Rubato (Italian, 'robbed'), in contrast to ritardando, is not changing the tempo, it is a much more subtle phenomenon.
		The final concurrence does not have to take place at a bar line (which is, after all, only a notational convenience) but rather at the point in the phrase where the tempo steadies and regulates itself naturally.
	www.zvonar.com /PamelaGoldsmith/articles/Playing_Musically.html (1319 words)

	Rubato (from rhythm) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		More results on "Rubato (from rhythm)" when you join.
		The technique is seldom indicated on a musical score but may be utilized according to the performer's discretion.
		Rubato may affect only the melody (as in jazz)...
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-64630?tocId=64630 (767 words)

	Rubato: Chapter 8: FINALE: A ROOM WITH A VIEU
		As the Rubato language have concurrent capabilities, multiple lines of music can be easily coded as separate phrases which are later joined together using the chord constructor.
		Since the Rubato system is a virtual machine, it possesses the ability to change the flow of note generation.
		Rubato's model of music is not nearly as sophisticated as CMN's model and is hopelessly inadequate at expressing new musical ideas developed in the twentieth century by the experimentalist or avant-garde school of composers.
	members.value.com.au /christie/rub_c8.html (927 words)

	Comparative Literature: Nineteenth-century musical agogics as an element in Gerard Manley Hopkin's prosody (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Rather, I am interested in exploring his references to and use of nineteenth-century musical agogics-that is, to the widespread use of rubato, rhythmic flexibility, pauses, and accents that is characteristic of Romantic music.
		Both nineteenth and early twentieth-century writings and early sound recordings indicate that there were three kinds of tempo rubato: "the use of accelerando and rallentando, the use of the tenuto or agogic accent, and the rhythmical independence of a melody from its accompaniment (`melodic' rubato)" (Philip 38).
		The most usual is that in which we emphasise a note (or a number of notes) by giving more than the expected Time-value, and then subsequently make-up the time thus lost by accelerating the remaining notes of that phrase or idea so as to enable us accurately to return to the pulse.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3612/is_200001/ai_n8886365 (1345 words)

	8/7/2003 – Rubato (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Rubato means slowing down or speeding up somewhat in your musical idea.
		Rubato lets you explore many subtle dimensions in rhythm.
		As you use it, keep it as an occasional contrast to strict rhythms so the listener hears an enjoyable variety.
	www.visual-jazz.com /08-07-03.htm (813 words)

	Business Wire: SigmaTel Selected to Drive the Entempo Rubato 2... @ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The 20GB Rubato drive can hold on average over 5,000 songs as well as other data files and also supports voice recording, FM tuner functions and USB 2.0.
		In addition to these features, the Rubato also is packaged with a pre-installed version of MusicMagic(TM) software from Predixis, an application which allows for easy navigation of large music collections.
		The Rubato from Entempo LLC will be available at major retailers and Internet resellers beginning February 21, 2005.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:128721018&refid=holomed_1 (711 words)

	.....rubato - Musician Forums (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		You knwo when there is a single piano, and the vocalist is dictating the tempo of the song, the pianist holds notes are being held when the vocals hold and such, I'm sure there is a term for it.
		On paper, the voice and piano would just be notated as holds (The sideways parentheses with the dot in it) while the top should say rubato.
		I thought rubato meant for the performer to add their own "touch" to the piece of music they are playing, whether it be by slowing down, playing faster in some parts?
	www.musicianforums.com /forums/showthread.php?t=321576 (393 words)

	Ridding, Josepha (2003) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		This thesis is a study of the rubato style adopted by Czech pianists in the interpretation of Western classical art works, and of the cultural factors which influence this approach.
		The types of rubato used and their positioning within the Chopin interpretations of the Czech pianists are also found to be governed by the same ideologies -- in particular by the demands of Naturalism.
		All these influences combine to create a Czech approach towards agogic change and tempo fluctuation which emphasizes simplicity, retains momentum and highlights overall formal structure, whilst maintaining expressivity and remaining acutely sensitive to the organic nature of melody and to the changing characteristics of rhythmic accentuation implicit in Chopin's scores.
	www.sun.rhbnc.ac.uk /Music/Archive/Disserts/ridding.html (256 words)

	Entempo LLC RUBATO200001 Rubato MP3 Jukebox w/FM 20GB
		Rubato is a new class of hard drive music jukebox, based on a 1.8" harddrive and has a 2" backlit LCD screen.
		Whether you download music, rip from CDs, or use other mediums, Rubato* is the easiest way to make your music truly mobile.
		Rubato comes with special earbud speakers with a built-in microphone, a power adaptor, USB cable, and carrying case.
	store.shentech.com /rubato200001.html (278 words)

	Rubato (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		I guess "rubato" means "looseness of beat." That's pretty vague, but that's the nature of rubato.
		I decided early on that this kind of rubato was too extreme for the poor little inventions, but I also discovered that it sounded pretty wonderful if I tamed the irregular pulses down quite a bit, but still left a tiny deviation from the metronomic in the performance.
		It taught me that rubato, even if very subtly suggested, is a valuable tool in any style, not just in lyrical, expressive music.
	www.musicteachermag.com /rubato.htm (1348 words)

	MultiMedia Laboratory (MML), University of Zurich
		Design and implementation of an advanced PerformanceRubette for Rubato, including gestrual and sound color-oriented performance specifications (extending the present PerformanceRubette which performs only pitch, onset, loudness, duration, crescendi, and glissandi).
		Prediatces are given by their extensions on denotator spaces, however, the research is driven by generalized truth domains from topos theory, including fuzzy and Heyting logics.
		This book project is the overall presentation of mathematical music theory and music informatics which the author has conducted in the last 20 years, it will be published with Birkhäuser, Basel/Boston an extends to 1200 pages, it is an updated and english version of the author's "Geometrie der Töne" (1990).
	www.ifi.unizh.ch /mml/musicmedia/research.php4 (278 words)

	Amazon.ca: Books: Stolen Time: The History of Tempo Rubato (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		One of the fascinations of this book is that by purporting to concentrate on rubato, it actually shows how much we have still to discover about the beat" --This text refers to the Paperback edition.
		The history of tempo rubato (`stolen time') is as old as music itself, composers and performers ever introducing expressive fluctuation of the tempo contrary to music's precise notation.
		The technique has been variously described by theorists and composers as `an honest theft', `a pernicious nuisance', even `seductive' (by Franz Liszt), yet it remains integral to the performance and history of music.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0198161697 (233 words)

	Business Wire: Entempo Announces 20 GB Hard Drive Digital Musi... @ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Rubato is based on a 1.8" hard drive and will support capacities of 40 GB and 60 GB in the future.
		Other features of the Rubato include an FM Tuner, ear bud recording, USB 2.0 for fast data transfer and MusicMagic playlist management software -- the ultimate digital music power tool.
		Rubato will be available at major retailers and Internet resellers beginning February 21, 2005.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:128721065&refid=ip_search (559 words)

	Entempo Announces Rubato 20GB MP3 Jukebox Player @ CHAITGEAR
		The upcoming Rubato, coming out on Feb 21, is the latest Jukebox player from Entempo.
		Like their previous model, the Rubato includes ShoX™ technology which is supposed to keep the hard drive safe.
		The initial Rubato will be a 20GB unit, and supports MP3, WMA, and Microsoft DRM files.
	www.chait.net /index.php?p=575 (329 words)

	londonderryair
		Play through the piece with a heightened sense for rubato and a greater sensitivity of phrasing with the melodic line.
		The climax in measure 65 is followed by a 6 bar release in thinner instrumentation and dynamics until finally the bells and vibes fade out above the bass voices on a tonic Eb Major chord for the ending.
		Throughout Londonderry Air, it is appropriate to perform the tune in a rubato style.
	www.bsu.edu /web/fwburrack/webpage/londonderryair.html (2669 words)

	Grooves Magazine - Reviews: Terre Thaemlitz - Oh, No! It’s Rubato! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Thaemlitz’s Rubato series of records deviates from his electro-acoustic/digital work, although it operates along similar themes of the transmutation of identity.
		He is probably correct about this, but it simply negates the need to purchase the damn thing.
		I fail to see how Oh, No! It’s Rubato offers any substantial exit from this impasse, other than to make utterly empty records as an end in itself.
	www.groovesmag.com /review_item.php?id=00000036 (350 words)

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