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Topic: Rubella

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	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Rubella
		Rubella is a contagious viral infection with mild symptoms associated with a rash.
		Rubella is most serious because of its ability to produce defects in a developing fetus if the mother is infected during early pregnancy.
		Congenital rubella syndrome occurs in 25% or more of infants born to women who acquired rubella during the first trimester of pregnancy.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/001574.htm (618 words)

	Lifespan's A - Z Health Information Library - Rubella
		Rubella is a contagious viral infection with mild symptoms associated with a rash.
		Rubella is most serious because of its ability to produce defects in a developing fetus if the mother is infected during early pregnancy.
		Congenital rubella syndrome occurs in 25% or more of infants born to women who acquired rubella during the first trimester of pregnancy.
	www.lifespan.org /adam/healthillustratedencyclopedia/1/001574.html (576 words)

	Rubella: Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine
		Rubella is a highly contagious viral disease, spread through contact with discharges from the nose and throat of an infected person.
		Rubella infection during the first three months of pregnancy can cause a woman to miscarry or cause the baby to be born with severe birth defects, including mental retardation and sensory impairments.
		Rubella vaccine is usually given in conjunction with measles and mumps vaccines in a shot referred to as MMR (mumps, measles, and rubella).
	health.enotes.com /alternative-medicine-encyclopedia/rubella (1565 words)

	Rubella \| Vhi Healthcare
		Rubella is a highly contagious viral disease, spread through contact with discharges from the nose and throat of an infected person.
		Rubella infection during the first three months of pregnancy can cause a woman to miscarry or cause her baby to be born with birth defects.
		Rubella vaccine is usually given in conjunction with measles and mumps vaccines in a shot referred to as MMR (mumps, measles, and rubella).
	www2.vhihealthe.com /topic/rubella (1318 words)

	Publications - Infectious Factsheets - Rubella (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Rubella is not usually a serious disease in children, but it can be very serious if a pregnant woman becomes infected.
		Since the rubella vaccine was introduced in 1969, cases of rubella and CRS in the United States have remained low.
		The rubella vaccine is part of the MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) vaccine series given to children beginning at 12 months of age.
	www.astdhpphe.org /rubella.asp (683 words)

	Rubella
		Rubella, also called German measles, is a viral illness that is spread from person to person by breathing in droplets of respiratory secretions exhaled by an infected person.
		Rubella and congenital rubella syndrome, a condition that affects newborn infants when the mother transfers rubella to the baby, became nationally reportable diseases in 1966.
		Rubella can be especially dangerous to pregnant women, who may transfer infection to the baby, resulting in abortions, miscarriages, stillbirths and severe birth defects.
	www.idph.state.il.us /public/hb/hbrubella.htm (515 words)

	Rubella (German Measles)
		Rubella — commonly known as German measles or 3-day measles — is an infection that primarily affects the skin and lymph nodes.
		Rubella infection may begin with 1 or 2 days of mild fever (99–100° Fahrenheit, or 37.2–37.8° Celsius) and swollen, tender lymph nodes, usually in the back of the neck or behind the ears.
		Other symptoms of rubella, which are more common in teens and adults, may include: headache; loss of appetite; mild conjunctivitis (inflammation of the lining of the eyelids and eyeballs); a stuffy or runny nose; swollen lymph nodes in other parts of the body; and pain and swelling in the joints (especially in young women).
	kidshealth.org /parent/infections/skin/german_measles.html (979 words)

	Rubella (German Measles)-Topic Overview
		Rubella is generally a mild illness that does not result in long-term problems.
		The rubella virus is most often spread through droplets of fluid from the mucous membranes that contain the virus.
		In the United States, the rubella vaccine is part of the normal childhood measles (rubeola), mumps, and rubella immunization (MMR).
	www.webmd.com /a-to-z-guides/Rubella-German-Measles-Topic-Overview (879 words)

	Rubella - Medical Encyclopedia
		Rubella, commonly known as German measles, is a disease caused by the rubella virus.
		Rubella can affect anyone of any age and is generally a mild disease.
		Fewer cases of rubella occur since a vaccine became available in 1969.
	www.nursingstudy.com /encyclopedia/Rubella.html (111 words)

	rubella - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		RUBELLA [rubella] or German measles, acute infectious disease of children and young adults.
		Rubella is a much milder infection than rubeola (measles) and the rash, appearing after an incubation period of two to three weeks, rarely lasts more than three days.
		Research to develop a vaccine that would confer immunity was spurred by an epidemic of rubella in 1964 and the evidently related rise in the number of birth deformities.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/r/rubella.asp (487 words)

	Rubella
		Rubella is spread through contact with fluid droplets expelled from the nose or throat of an infected person.
		A person infected with the rubella virus is contagious for about seven days before any symptoms appear and continues to be able to spread the disease for about four days after the appearance of symptoms.
		Rubella infection during the first three months of pregnancy can cause a woman to miscarry or cause her baby to be born with birth defects.
	www.lifesteps.com /gm/Atoz/ency/rubella.jsp (1462 words)

	NTP-CERHR: Common Concerns - Rubella
		Rubella (German measles) is a mild childhood illness that poses a serious threat to the fetus, if the mother contracts the illness during pregnancy.
		Rubella is a mild, highly contagious illness that is caused by a virus.
		Rubella is caused by a different virus from the one that causes regular measles (rubeola).
	cerhr.niehs.nih.gov /common/rubella.html (1386 words)

	CDC - Yellow Book: [4] Rubella - CDC Travelers' Health
		Although rubella is generally a mild rash illness, if contracted in the early months of pregnancy it is associated with a high rate of fetal loss or a constellation of birth defects, known as congenital rubella syndrome (CRS).
		Rubella usually presents as a nonspecific maculopapular rash lasting 3 days or fewer (hence the term "3-day measles") with generalized lymphadenopathy, particularly of the postauricular, suboccipital and posterior cervical lymph nodes.
		Rubella vaccine, which contains live, attenuated rubella virus, is available as a single-antigen preparation or combined with live, attenuated measles or mumps vaccines, or both.
	www2.ncid.cdc.gov /travel/yb/utils/ybGet.asp?section=dis&obj=rubella.htm&cssNav=browseoyb (1072 words)

	Rubella (German Measles)
		Rubella is a viral illness that results in a viral exanthem.
		Rubella is preventable by proper immunization with the rubella vaccine.
		Rubella is usually diagnosed based on a medical history and physical examination of your child.
	www.montefiore.org /healthlibrary/peds/derm/rubella (681 words)

	Rubella (German measles)
		Rubella is a viral disease characterized by slight fever, rash and swollen glands.
		In unvaccinated populations, rubella is primarily a childhood disease.
		Rubella vaccine is given on or after a child's first birthday, and is usually given in combination with measles and mumps (MMR) vaccine.
	www.health.state.ny.us /diseases/communicable/rubella/fact_sheet.htm (470 words)

	Understanding Rubella
		Rubella is a viral disease characterized by slight fever, rash and swollen glands.
		Rubella is spread by direct contact with nasal or throat secretions of infected individuals.
		Rubella vaccine is given on or after a child¹s first birthday, and is usually given in combination with measles vaccine.
	www.deafblind.com /underrub.html (368 words)

	Rubella (German Measles)
		Rubella — commonly known as German measles or 3-day measles — is an infection that primarily affects the skin and lymph nodes.
		Rubella infection may begin with 1 or 2 days of mild fever (99–100° Fahrenheit, or 37.2–37.8° Celsius) and swollen, tender lymph nodes, usually in the back of the neck or behind the ears.
		Other symptoms of rubella, which are more common in teens and adults, may include: headache; loss of appetite; mild conjunctivitis (inflammation of the lining of the eyelids and eyeballs); a stuffy or runny nose; swollen lymph nodes in other parts of the body; and pain and swelling in the joints (especially in young women).
	www.kidshealth.org /parent/infections/skin/german_measles.html (979 words)

	eMedicine - Rubella : Article by Peter C Lombardo
		Rubella is usually a mild viral illness involving the skin, the lymph nodes, and, less commonly, the joints.
		Rubella is an RNA virus classified as a Rubivirus in the Togaviridae family.
		In contrast, in 2003 an increase occurred in cases of rubella in England and Wales that was the direct result of a decrease in the vaccination rate, because of perceived adverse effects of the MMR vaccination, namely autism.
	www.emedicine.com /derm/topic380.htm (2922 words)

	Rubella
		Rubella and measles are both contagious viral infections best known by the distinctive red rash that may appear on the skin of those who contract either illness.
		Rubella is rare in the United States because most children receive a vaccination against the infection at an early age.
		Usually babies are protected from rubella for six to eight months after birth because of the immunity passed on from their mothers.
	www.cnn.com /HEALTH/library/DS/00332.html (1539 words)

	Rubella Information on Healthline
		The United States had a public health goal of eliminating all rubella within its borders by the year 2000; however, this goal was not attained because of new strains of the rubella virus entering the country from the Caribbean and Central America.
		Rubella infection during the first three months of pregnancy can cause a woman to miscarry or cause the baby to be born with severe birth defects, including mental retardation and sensory impairments.
		In addition, recent studies indicate that infants exposed to rubella in utero (in the womb) are at increased risk of developing schizophrenia as adults.
	www.healthline.com /galecontent/rubella (784 words)

	Rubella - Vaccine-Preventable Diseases - Public Health Agency of Canada
		Rubella is a viral disease that results in a transient erythematous rash, post-auricular or suboccipital lymphadenopathy, arthralgia and low-grade fever.
		From 2000 to 2004, fewer than 30 sporadic cases of rubella and 0 to 3 cases of CRS were reported each year in Canada.
		Canada is making progress towards elimination of indigenous rubella infection in pregnancy through routine immunization programs, together with CRS-specific policies to screen 100% of pregnant women for rubella and to offer immunization to all women who are susceptible post-partum.
	www.phac-aspc.gc.ca /im/vpd-mev/rubella_e.html (676 words)

	HON Mother & Child Glossary, Viral Infections in Childhood: Rubella
		Rubella : An acute, usually benign, infectious disease caused by the RUBELLA VIRUS and most often affecting children and nonimmune young adults, in which the virus enters the respiratory tract via droplet nuclei and spreads to the lymphatic system.
		Rubella Syndrome, Congenital : Transplacental infection of the fetus with rubella usually in the first trimester of pregnancy, as a consequence of maternal infection, resulting in various developmental abnormalities in the newborn infant.
		Rubella Vaccine : A live attenuated virus vaccine of duck embryo or human diploid cell tissue culture origin, used for routine immunization of children and for immunization of nonpregnant adolescent and adult females of childbearing age who are unimmunized and do not have serum antibodies to rubella.
	www.hon.ch /Dossier/MotherChild/child_virus/virus_rubella.html (187 words)

	Use of rubella vaccine is growing worldwide, but more work remains
		Around the world, use of the vaccine to prevent rubella ("German measles") has grown rapidly in recent years, but much more needs to be done to better track the illness and to prevent the infection of pregnant women, which can lead to serious birth defects in their infants.
		When a woman is infected with rubella during the first trimester of pregnancy, the infection can be transmitted to the developing fetus and can result in fetal death or the birth of an infant with blindness, deafness, congenital heart disease, mental retardation, or other serious afflictions.
		Rubella vaccine should be added to the childhood immunization schedule only if coverage for at least 80% of all children can be sustained on a long-term basis.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2003-12/paho-uor121903.php (774 words)

	Rubella: Viral Infections: Merck Manual Home Edition
		Rubella is a typically mild childhood infection that may, however, have devastating consequences for infants infected prior to birth.
		Rubella was once common during the springtime, with major epidemics every 6 to 9 years infecting millions of people.
		Rubella is spread mainly by breathing in small virus-containing droplets of moisture that have been coughed into the air by an infected person.
	www.merck.com /mmhe/sec23/ch273/ch273k.html (496 words)

	Rubella (German measles)
		Rubella is a viral respiratory disease that's relatively mild and somewhat contagious.
		Rubella is commonly known as German measles or three-day measles, but it's actually not the same disease as measles, which is caused by a different virus.
		A woman infected with rubella during her first trimester has an 85 percent chance of having a baby with congenital rubella syndrome (CRS), which can lead to miscarriage, stillbirth, and severe birth defects, including deafness, blindness, and heart and brain defects.
	www.babycenter.com /refcap/toddler/toddlerills/11386.html (939 words)

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