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Topic: Ruben II of Armenia

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	About Armenia: Armenian history (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Armenia is one of the oldest countries in the world with a recorded history of about 3500 years.
		As a result, the empire of Tigran II stretched from the Caspian Sea in the East to the Mediterranean Sea in West, and from Mesopotamia in the South to the river Kura in North.
		After the death of Tigran II, Armenia was reduced back to its ethnic Armenian territory and found itself in the middle of a long war campaign between Rome and Persia, with each superpower trying to have Armenia as its ally, as the military assistance with Armenia was crucial for gaining political superiority in Asia Minor.
	www.un.int /armenia/arm/en_history.html (2867 words)

	Discover Armenia
		In the north Armenia borders on Georgia, in the east on Azerbaijan, in the west and south-west on Turkey and Azerbaijan, and in the south it borders on Iran.
		Armenia's geographical co-ordinates are as follows: 38.50 degrees of latitude north of the equator in the south; 41.20 degrees of latitude north of the equator in the north; 43.30 degrees of longitude east of the Greenwich meridian in the west; and 46.00 degrees of longitude east of the Greenwich meridian in the east.
		Armenia is situated in the subtropical belt among the ranges of the central part of the Minor Caucasus.
	www.ansc.org /hs/armenia_nt.html (3331 words)

	Armenia and Georgia, Culmen Europae
		The differences are that (1) Armenia was not a Greek colony but the realm of an indigenous people of Anatolia, like the Phrygians and Cappadocians, and (2) Armenia outlived all the Greek colonies, all the other ancient kingdoms of Anatolia, and even Rome itself.
		Armenia has thus traditionally been regarded as the first officially Christian country, though, with uncertainties in dating, Ethiopia may be able to challenge this.
		The Kingdom of Armenia in the Taurus Mountains of Cilicia is called "Lesser" Armenia in contrast to the "Greater Armenia" of the Armenian homeland to the northeast.
	www.friesian.com /armenia.htm (4265 words)

	MapZones.com : Armenia Map
		Armenia, republic in the Transcaucasia region of western Asia, bordered by Georgia to the north, Azerbaijan to the east, Turkey to the west and south, and Iran to the south.
		Armenia is slowly recovering from natural and human-caused calamities that beset it during the late 1980s and early 1990s.
		Armenia’s constitution was approved by referendum in July 1995, replacing the 1978 constitution of the Soviet period.
	atlas.mapzones.com /armenia/armenia.php (2253 words)

	Ministry of Foreign Affairs of The Republic of Armenia Official Site
		The "renaissance of Armenia" was accomplished during the reign of Tigran the Great (95-99 B.C.), who proclaimed himself "King of Kings." Under Tigran II, Armenia grew to a great degree of military strength and political influence.
		In order that we may realize the real implications of the history of Armenia and grasp the soul of this people, we must turn our gaze upon the beginning of the 4th century, which was momentous in its consequences for the growth of the nation.
		Armenia was made part of the Trans-Caucasian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic in 1922, and in 1936, it became one of the Soviet Union's constituent republics.
	www.armeniaforeignministry.com /arm/history/main.html (2322 words)

	Armenian History, chapter 6: Armenian Kingdom in Cilicia
		In 1080 a certain Prince Ruben, that the historians believe to be descendant of the Bagradouni and Ardzrouni dynasties, asserted authority over the local Armenian and Greek princes.
		Ruben became founder of a new glorious royal House of Rubenids that ruled over Cilicia for more than 300 years.
		Later Leon I and his elder son Ruben were murdered in prison, but Leon's younger son Thoros known as Thoros II was spared.
	www.armenianhistory.info /cilician.htm (1024 words)

	Ruben II of Armenia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		He was the son of Thoros II of Armenia.
		Thomas fled to Antioch and left Ruben in the care of the Catholicos St. Nerses IV at Hromgla, but was murdered by agents of Mleh in 1169, and the young Ruben a year later.
		Upon Ruben's death, Mleh became Lord of the Mountains.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ruben_II_of_Armenia (118 words)

	A Brief History of Armenia...
		In 1768, during the Russo-Turkish war, Catherine II presented a scheme to establish Armenia as a separate state under the protection of Russia, but this project too was not destined to be consummated.
		The Reds entered Armenia, compelled the democratic government to "renounce" the Treaty of Sevres and cede to the Turks a large tract of Armenian territory, and established their regime of terror and tyranny.
		Armenia approved a process toward independence on August 23, 1990, and shortly thereafter the Tricolor and Mer Hayrenik were adopted as the official flag and anthem, respectively.
	www.saintsarkis.org /History.htm (3359 words)

	Armenia Heads
		Her father, Leo II had promished his nephew Raimond-Ruben de Antiochiaia, the succession to the throne, but at his deathbed he named Zabel or Isabella, as his heir.
		Zabel was daughter of King Leo II and Sibylla de Lusignan of Cyprus-Jerusalem, mother of two sons and two daughters, and lived (ca.
		After Constantine IV of Armenia, the first Latin king of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia was killed in an uprising in 1344 after two years in office, she was regent.
	www.guide2womenleaders.com /Armenia_Heads.htm (648 words)

	-BRIEF INFORMATION ABOUT DYNASTIES AND KINGS OF ARMENIA- (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The royal dynasty of Bagratunis reached it apex in the second half of the 10th century and until the beginning of the 11th century during the reign of Ashot III, Smbat II and Gagik I. In 1045 after the Byzantine conquest of Armenia, the reign of the Bagratunis came to and end.
		In 921 Ashot II crushed the Arab army on the shore of Lake Sevan and freed the large part of Armenia from Arab conquerors.
		In 922 caliphs was forced to recognize Ashot II as the lord of Armenia.
	nobility.artsakhworld.com /Kings_Bios_Eng.html (1503 words)

	Welcome to BELAVIASERVICE Armenia website
		On May 28, 1918, the independent Republic of Armenia was established, after the Armenians forced the Turkish troops to withdraw in the battles of Sardarapat, Karakilisse and Bashabaran.
		Armenia was made part of the Transcaucasian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic in 1922, and in 1936, it became one of the Soviet Union's constituent republics.
		That same year, in 1988, Armenia was rocked by severe earthquakes that killed thousands, and supplies from both the Soviet Union and the West were blocked by the Azerbaijani Government fighting the Armenians in Nagorno Karabagh.
	www.belaviaservice.am /armenia_eng (2201 words)

	Thoros II of Armenia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Thoros II of Armenia (died 1169) was prince of Armenia, ruling from 1144 to 1169.
		He had at least two children: Ruben II and a daughter who married the Emperor of Cyprus.
		On his death he was succeeded by his son Ruben II.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/thoros_ii_of_armenia (138 words)

	Armenia - History
		Persia ruled over Armenia from the 6th century until the 4th century B.C. Its culture and Zoroastrian religion greatly influenced the spiritual life of the Armenian people who absorbed features of Zoroastrianism into their polytheistic and ani-mistic indigenous beliefs.
		Armenia's borders extended from the Caspian Sea to the Mediterranean.
		That same year, in 1988, Armenia was rocked by severe earthquakes that killed thousands, and supplies from both the Soviet Union and the West were blocked by the Azerbaijani Government fighting the Armenians in Nagorno Karabakh.
	www.richardsmith.net /armenia/sako.html (2284 words)

	Leo II of Armenia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Leo II of Armenia, (Armenian: Levon II) known as "The Magnificent" (1150 – May 5, 1219) was king of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, ruling from 1187–1219.
		Leo became "Lord of the Mountains" (ruler of Cilician Armenia) in 1187, his brother Ruben III of Armenia resigning the crown to him shortly before his death.
		Bohemund was subsequently released through the mediation of Henry II of Champagne, but was forced to abandon all claims to the suzerainity of Armenia.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/L/Leo-II-of-Armenia.htm (825 words)

	Leo II of Armenia - Wikpedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Leo II of Armenia (died 1219) was king of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, ruling from 1187 to 1219.
		Leo was married twice: first to Isabelle of Austria, and then to Sybilla of Lusignan, daughter of Amalric II of Jerusalem.
		Leo named his daughter Isabella as his heir, despite the existence of his grandson (son of his eldest daughter Rita) and Raymond-Rupen (grandson of Rupen III of Armenia).
	www.bostoncoop.net /~tpryor/wiki/index.php?title=Leo_II_of_Armenia (95 words)

	Armenia, Country Commercial Guide, August 1996 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Embassy of the Republic of Armenia in Washington or the General Consulate of the Republic of Armenia in Los Angeles.
		One way of shipping exports to Armenia is to deliver them by sea to the Georgian ports of Poti and Batumi on the Black Sea, and then by land or rail to Armenia.
		The rail track width in Armenia (and of the whole former USSR) is equal to 1520 mm, whereas in Turkey (and Europe) it is 1432 mm.
	www.arminco.com /Armenia/CCG/CCG96/chapter9.htm (1976 words)

	Articles - Mleh of Armenia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Mleh of Armenia (died 1175) was prince of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, ruling from 1170 to 1175.
		He was the son of Leo I of Armenia and Beatrice de Rethel.
		On his death he was succeeded by his nephew Ruben III.
	www.shreka.com /articles/Mleh_of_Armenia (70 words)

	Impearls
		From 387 to 428 the Arsacid kings of Armenia were vassals of Persia, while the westernmost part of their kingdom was incorporated in the Roman Empire and ruled by a count.
		But a change of religious policy under Yezdegerd II and Piroz roused the Armenians to defend their faith in a serious of religious wars lasting until the end of the sixth century, during which Vardan with his 1036 companions perished for the Christian faith in the terrible battle of Avaraïr (454).
		Ashot II was succeeded by his brother Abas (928-951), who concluded a treaty with the Arabs of Dwin and exchanged Arab for Armenian prisoners.
	impearls.blogspot.com /2004_06_20_impearls_archive.html (4998 words)

	The Rupenids (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Leo I, Prince of Armenia (1129-38), +1138, captured by Joannes II of Byzantium; m.Beatrice de Rethel
		Ruben III, Prince of Armenia (1174-86), +1185/86; m.Isabella of Toron
		Isabella (Zabel), Queen of Armenia (1219-52), 1212/13, +1252; 1m: 1222 King Philip of Armenia, Prince of Antioch (+1226); 2m: Hethum I de Barbaron, King of Armenia* (*1215 +1270)
	http.genealogy.euweb.cz /crus/armenia1.html (259 words)

	The Crusades
		Cilician Armenia, or Lesser Armenia as some historians referenced the region, had formed principalities in Cilicia after Armenia proper had fallen to the wrath of the Seljuk onslaughts.
		During this Crusade Levon II and King Richard invaded and conquered Cyprus, which had broken away from the Byzantine Empire under a renegade relative of the former ruling house.
		Throughout the entire period of the Crusades, lesser Armenia was literally in the middle of successes and failures of the Latins.
	www.armenianheritage.com /hicrusad.htm (1091 words)

	Armenia & The Armenians (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Under prince Levon II (1187-1219) and subsequently under King Levon V of Lusignan, the principality was transformed into a kingdom which managed to survive for nearly 200 years.
		Meanwhile, the Mongols had displaced the Seljuks in Armenia Proper, and the country was subjected to unparalleled devastation and slaughter.
		Lesser Armenia on the other hand, hung on tenaciously until 1375 when it was incorporated into the Mameluk Empire; thus the last kingdom of Armenia came to and end.
	www.mousaler.com /armenia/data/conquest.html (168 words)

	Rediscovering Armenia Guidebook- Shirak Marz - Armeniapedia.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Shirak Marz, the Northwest corner of Armenia, is defined by the upper flow of the Akhurian river, the NW corner of Mt.
		This is one of the most impressive archaeological sites in Armenia, particularly in the spring when the massive volcanic stones of the fortress are set off by brilliant green grass.
		The excavator believes that this was the seat of the Kamsarakan noble family, which led an insurrection against Arshak II in the mid-4th c.
	www.armeniapedia.org /index.php?title=Rediscovering_Armenia_Guidebook-_Shirak_Marz (4204 words)

	IREX - Supporting Independent Media in Armenia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Story topics included environmental damage caused by copper mining in Alaverdi, deforestation of Armenia, homeless and orphans, unpaid property taxes and their affect on Armenia's federal budget, displaced refugees in southern Armenia, and illegal and unaccounted for expenditures of state funds by ranking members of the Armenian government.
		This supplement was the last in a series of publications sponsored by IREX as part of a memorandum of understanding between USAID and the Central Election Commission of Armenia and was distributed as an insert in major Armenian newspapers in Yerevan, and in publications in the regional cities of Guimri, Vanadzor, Sisian, Goris and Kapan.
		The purpose of the conference was to provide training to those in the newsrooms who must now be promotion managers or development directors and whose job is make their products become attractive for new readers and advertisers, thus allowing them to gain bigger shares in the markets and increase revenues.
	www.irex.org /media/armenia/highlights/03.asp (2185 words)

	Armenia Diaspora Conference Official Site
		Armenia's national team has moved from the sixth position last year to the third coming after Russia and Ukraine.
		In the last round, the 18-year-old Indian drew with top seed GM Ferenc Berkes of Hungary in catalan defence in 50 moves, while on the second board, Zhao Jun of China, who was jointly leading with Hari, after the penultimate round, lost to Radoslaw Wojtaszek of Poland in a closed sicilian opening in 49 moves.
		In 1999 in the semi-final in RA he took the first place with 8.5 points, in 2000 the third place and was allowed to participate in the world championship under 10, where he took the 14th place among the champions of 92 countries.
	www.armeniadiaspora.com /sports/chess (10730 words)

	Lesser Armenia (from Armenia) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		On the collapse of Greater Armenia, many Armenians emigrated to Georgia, Poland, and Galicia, while others crossed into Cilicia, where some colonies had already settled at the end of the 10th century.
		More results on "Lesser Armenia (from Armenia)" when you join.
		To the north and east Armenia is bounded by Georgia and Azerbaijan, while its neighbours to the southeast and west are, respectively, Iran and Turkey.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-44271 (713 words)

	ARMENIA: COUNTRY COMMERCIAL GUIDE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Americans travelling to Armenia should obtain an entry visa from the Armenian Embassy in Washington or from the Ministry of Foreign Relations of Armenia immediately upon arrival.
		Armenia has 7,705 km of roads, of which 7,454 are paved.
		International cargo routes in use are those connecting Armenia with the Georgian sea ports of Batumi and Poti, and a low-capacity pontoon bridge connecting the Meghri region of Armenia (in the South) with Iran.
	www.arminco.com /Armenia/CCG/CCG97/chapter9.html (1662 words)

	Voyages and Travels Volume II
		Voyages and Travels Volume II The Project Gutenberg EBook of A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels, Volume II, by Robert Kerr This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever.
		It farther appears, that the ark of Noah rested upon the north part of the mountains of Armenia, in 40 degrees of latitude or upwards; and that Scythia, being a high land, and the first that appeared out of the universal deluge, was first peopled.
		And as the province or country of the Tabencos, or Chinese, is one of the chiefest of all Tartary, its inhabitants may be considered as the most ancient nation, and the oldest navigators.
	www.gutenberg.org /files/10803/10803-h/10803-h.htm (15280 words)

	Young Musicians from Armenia//II Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		At present she is a member of the "New Names of Armenia" Program and the "Aram Khachaturian Found", a member of "Konstantine Garry Orbelyan's Cultural Exchange International Found".
		In connection with the celebration of the 1700 anniversary of adopting Christianity in Armenia Lilit participated in the Concert Christmas Meetings of All-Russia Patriarch Aleksiy the Second with young talented musicians in Christ the Savior Cathedral in Moscow.
		At present he is a member of the "New Names of Armenia" Program and the "Aram Khachaturian" Found, a member of "K.G. Orbelyan's Cultural Exchange International Found".
	www.podiuminternational.de /bios/am/prodiam02.htm (766 words)

	RUBEN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Search the RUBEN Family Message Boards at Ancestry.com (if available).
		Search the RUBEN Family Resource Center at RootsWeb.com (if available).
		Find graves of people named RUBEN at Find-a-Grave.com (or add one that you know).
	www.worldhistory.com /surname/US/R/RUBEN.htm (73 words)

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