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Topic: Rudolf IV of Austria

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	Rudolf IV of Austria - Biocrawler
		Rudolf IV der Stifter (the Founder) (born November 1 1339 in Vienna, died July 27 1365 in Milan) was a member of the House of Habsburg and Duke and self-proclaimed Archduke of Austria from 1358 to 1365.
		One of the most energetic and active rulers of Austria in the late middle ages, it was said of him that he already had the air of a king as a young man.
		Rudolf is most known for another bluff, the forgery of the Privilegium Maius, which de facto put him on par with the electors of the Holy Roman Empire after Austria had not received an electorship in the Golden Bull.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Rudolph_IV_of_Austria (797 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		Rudolf was the son of Albert IV, Count of Habsburg, and Hedwig, daughter of Ulrich, Count of Kyburg, and was born in Limburg an der Lahn.
		Rudolf paid frequent visits to the court of his godmother, the Emperor Frederick II, and his loyalty to Frederick and his son, Conrad IV of Germany, was richly rewarded by grants of land.
		Rudolf refuted Otakar's succession to the Babenberg patrimony, declaring that the provinces reverted to the crown due to the lack of male-line heirs (a position that conflicted with the provisions of Privilegium Minus).
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Rudolph_I_of_Germany (1640 words)

	Habsburg 2
		Duke RUDOLF IV "der Stammler" of Austria, Styria, Carinthia and Carniola (1358-65), Ct of Tyrol (1363-65), Wien 1.11.1339, +of the plague in Milan 27.7.1365; m.Wien 13.7.1356 Katharina of Bohemia (VIII.1342 +20.5.1386/26.4.1395)
		Duke ALBRECHT IV "das Weltwunder" of Austria (1395-1404), Wien 19.9.1377, +Klosterneuburg 14.9.1404, bur Wien; m.Wien 24.4.1390 Johanna of Bavaria (1377 +17.10.1410)
		Duke FRIEDRICH V of Austria (1457-93), Duke of Styria, Carinthia, Carniola and Tyrol (1424-93), Archduke of Austria from 1453, Emperor (1452-93) as Friedrich III, Innsbruck 21.9.1415, +Linz 19.8.1493, bur Wien; m.Rome 16.3.1452 Infanta Leonor of Portugal (8.9.1436 +3.9.1476)
	genealogy.euweb.cz /habsburg/habsburg2.html (1230 words)

	Austria - MSN Encarta
		At the end of the century Frankish leader Charlemagne devastated the territory of the Avars and established a series of outposts (military districts) of his empire in the country between the Enns and Raab rivers to serve as buffer territories against further encroachment from the east.
		Archduke Rudolf IV proclaimed the indivisibility of Habsburg hereditary possessions, which corresponded roughly to the modern republic of Austria.
		High spirited and ambitious, Rudolf IV devised strategies for uniting the kingdoms of Bohemia and Hungary to his possessions, and he dreamed of winning full independence from the German empire.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761575697_9/Austria.html (1903 words)

	f. The Holy Roman Empire. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		Rudolf expelled Ottokar from Austria by force (1276), but allowed him to retain Bohemia and Moravia (after homage) as a buffer against Slavdom.
		Ottokar was ultimately defeated and killed (Aug. 26, 1278, Battle of the Marchfeld); investiture of Rudolf's sons with the imperial fiefs of Austria, Styria, and Carniola (1282) established the Habsburgs on the Danube.
		Rudolf yielded the last remnants of Frederick II's great imperial fabric: confirmation of papal rights in Italy and Angevin rights in southern Italy (1275); renunciation of all imperial claims to the Papal States and Sicily (1279).
	www.bartleby.com /67/540.html (540 words)

	News \| TimesDaily.com \| TimesDaily \| Florence, Alabama (AL)
		Rudolf IV der Stifter (the Founder) (November 1 1339 – July 27 1365) was a member of the House of Habsburg and Duke (self-proclaimed Archduke) of Austria from 1358 to 1365.
		Rudolf, however, resorted to something which could be considered imposture: He initiated the creation in the Cathedral of Saint Stephan (Stephansdom) of a Metropolitan Chapter (which, according to the name, should be assigned to a bishop), whose members wore red garments as cardinals do.
		Rudolf is best known for another bluff, the forgery of the Privilegium Maius, which de facto put him on par with the Electors of the Holy Roman Empire, compensating for Austria's failure to receive an electoral vote in the Golden Bull.
	www.timesdaily.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Rudolf_IV,_Duke_of_Austria (795 words)

	Rudolph I - LoveToKnow 1911
		Ottakar refused to appear or to restore the provinces of Austria, Styria, Carinthia and Carniola which he had seized.
		Rudolph's attention was next turned to his new possessions in Austria and the adjacent countries.
		At length the hostility of the princes was overcome, and in December 1282 Rudolph invested his sons Albert and Rudolph with the duchies of Austria and Styria at Augsburg, and so laid the foundations of the greatness of the house of Habsburg.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Rudolph_I (988 words)

	FROM THE DAWN OF HISTORY TO A BORDER PROVINCE
		Austria emerged from the Second World War and the anguish associated with it as a nation that feels secure in its existence and is aware of its role in Europe.
		Rudolf's short rule (1358-1365) was marked by the acquisition of the Earldom of Tyrol and parts of the "Windische Mark".
		Austria's emergence as a major power was mainly due to the brilliant military leader Prince Eugene of Savoy who served under three emperors (Leopold I, Josef I and Karl VI) and proved both an outstanding military commander and an excellent statesman.
	www.mantraco.com.tw /austriahistory.htm (4308 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Rudolf of Habsburg
		Austrian lands had to be given up and were formally granted by Rudolf to his sons, as according to the prevailing laws of the empire, the sovereign could not retain confiscated lands.
		With Rudolf began a period of national peace for Germany which was to last for two hundred years.
		Rudolf was more successful in his efforts (1289) to settle the disputes in the House of Wettin.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/13218b.htm (1017 words)

	Habsburg - MSN Encarta
		With the election of Count Rudolf as the German king and Holy Roman emperor Rudolf I in 1273, the Habsburgs came into European prominence.
		By wresting the Babenberg inheritance—the duchies of Austria, Steiermark (Styria), Kärnten (Carinthia), and Carniola—from King Ottokar II of Bohemia in 1278, Rudolf greatly increased the power of his house.
		During the Revolutions of 1848, which endangered the existence of the multinational Habsburg empire, Ferdinand was compelled to abdicate in favor of his nephew, Francis Joseph.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761570359/Habsburg.html (844 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Peter I of Cyprus
		He was the second son of Hugh IV of Cyprus, the first by his second wife Alice of Ibelin.
		Hugh IV was King of Cyprus from 1324 to 1359 and, nominally, King of Jerusalem, as Hugh II.
		Lusignan castle of Kantara in the Beşparmak mountains The Kingdom of Cyprus was a Roman Catholic Crusader kingdom on the island of Cyprus in the late Middle Ages.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Peter-I-of-Cyprus (1071 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Marie Antoinette
		She was married to Louis XVI of France at age 14, and was the mother of "lost dauphin" Louis XVII.
		MARIE ANTOINETTE (1755-1793), queen of France, ninth child of Maria Theresa and the emperor Francis I., was born at Vienna, on the 2nd of November 1755.
		Marie Antoinette soon won the affection and confidence of the dauphin and endeared herself to the king, but her position was precarious, and both Mercy and Maria Theresa had continually to urge her to conquer her violent dislike for the favourite and try to conciliate her.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Marie-Antoinette (690 words)

	History of Austria
		The dukedom in the House of Agilolfing was primarily heriditary.
		Rudolf was shrewd enough to abstain from attempting forcibly to increase his constitutional powers, and contented himself with preserving such domains and rights as were still left to the crown.
		Maximilian II Rudolf II Rudolf II, Holy Roman emperor (1576-1612), king of Hungary (1572-1608), and king of Bohemia (1575-1611), born in Vienna, the son and successor of Emperor Maximilian II.
	www.geocities.com /historyofaustria/history.html (20221 words)

	Timeline - history of Linz
		Duke Albrecht III of Austria grants the city of Linz the right to hold an annual fair on the Festival of St. Bartholomew the Apostle (24th August).
		Emperor Louis the Bavarian feoffs the Habsburg Dukes Albrecht II and Otto of Austria in Linz with the Duchy of Carinthia and with South Tyrol.
		The Babenberg Duke Leopold VI of Austria and Styria purchases the growing city of Linz from the last Lords of Haunsperg; consequently an extension of the city to the south and east with a large new Main Square as city centre, as well as construction of city walls; creation of new suburbs.
	www.linz.at /english/history/18740_18775.asp (545 words)

	Austrian Press and Information Service \| Washington, D.C. - History
		Austria emerged from the Second World War and the sufferings associated with it as a state that feels secure in its existence and which plays a decisive role in Europe.
		The Frankish ruler Charlemagne (747-814) established on the territory of present-day Austria the Carolingian March, or border province, between the rivers Enns, Raab and Drava.
		Austria's emergence as a major power was mainly due to the brilliant military leader Prince Eugene of Savoy, who served under three emperors (Leopold I, Josef I and Karl VI) and proved to be not only an outstanding military commander but also a fine statesman.
	www.austria.org /history (1824 words)

	info: Rudolf_IV_of_Austria
		Rudolf III of Habsburg Rudolf Ising Rudolf Island Rudolf IV Rudolf IV Rudolf IV Rudolf IV of Austria
		1 References; Rudolf IV of Austria Rudolf IV der Stifter (the Founder) (born November 1 1339 in Vienna, died July 27 1365 in Milan) was a member of the...
		Rudolf IV of Austria Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria Rudolf Ivanovich Abel Rudolf Jaenisch...
	www.napoli-pizza.net /Rudolf_IV_of_Austria.html (1208 words)

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	Rudolf IV of Austria - Definition, explanation
		The oldest son of Albert II and Johanna von Pfirt, he was a member of the third generation of Habsburg dukes in Austria.
		Instead, Rudolf resorted to something which could be considered imposture: He initatiated the creation of a Metropolitan Chapter at the Cathedral of Saint Stephan (which, according to the name, should be assinged to a bishop), whose members wore red garment as cardinalss do.
		Rudolf is most known for another bluff, the forgery of the Privilegium Maius, which de facto put him on par with the electorss of the Holy Roman Empire after Austria had not received an electorship in the Golden Bull.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/r/ru/rudolf_iv_of_austria.php (847 words)

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