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Topic: Rudolf Schwarzkogler

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	The Mind Museum: Rudolf Schwarzkogler and the Vienna Actionists
		While Schwarzkogler's peers have enjoyed longer, more prominent careers, Schwarzkogler's life is shrouded in mystery and obscurity, fueling rumors about his suicide, and creating a powerful discourse circulating around his lack of recorded history.
		Schwarzkogler was the least outgoing of a group called the Viennese Actionists, whose orgiastic, bloody Happenings have become legendary.
		Schwarzkogler's photographs from the 1960s, of the human body bandaged, gagged and seemingly bleeding, are easily assimilated into this "subcultural" lineage, although I think his intentions are much different.
	reconstruction.eserver.org /023/barnes.htm (3125 words)

	Proposals for Improving Central Europe - the Sixties and Seventies in Austria, Hanno Millesi
		Rudolf Schwarzkogler was a rather marginal figure of Wiener Aktionismus.
		Schwarzkogler used this technique as an artistic form of expression, preferring it, in fact, to Actions attended by an audience.
		While Schwarzkogler, a marginal figure of Wiener Aktionismus, removed the performative element from his work by means of photographic reproductions, some of Gironcoli's installations of that time appeared like the three-dimensional implementations of a comparable artistic approach.
	www.artsmw.org /heartlandproject/aspects/essays/millesi.html (2996 words)

	PHOTOGRAPHY VIEW; Turning The Lens Inward - New York Times
		For the Austrian artist Rudolf Schwarzkogler, photography served a different though related function.
		Schwarzkogler was associated with the "aktionismus" movement of performance art pursued by various Austrian artists who achieved prominence in the 1960's and 70's.
		Schwarzkogler is represented by photographs of a 1965 performance in which he presented himself as a hospital patient, wrapped in bandages, with wires and tubes coming out of his mouth and chest.
	query.nytimes.com /gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0CE4DB1F3EF931A1575AC0A967958260 (616 words)

	Tate Liverpool \| Past Exhibitions \| Art, Lies and Videotape: Exposing Performance
		Rudolf Schwarzkogler's self-castration or Yves Klein's life-threatening leap from a gatepost are both, in one way or another, fakes.
		Artists such as Franko B and Ron Athey push their bodies to extreme limits, and it may be hard for the viewer to accept the fact that an artist would want to suffer such pain.
		When it is difficult to determine if something has really happened its easy for rumours to spread - it is often said that Schwarzkogler died during one of his actions, although the truth is that he leapt to his death from a window.
	www.tate.org.uk /liverpool/exhibitions/artliesvideo/fiction.htm (252 words)

	Viennese Actionism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The term Viennese Actionism describes a short and violent movement in 20th century art that can be regarded as part of the many independent efforts of the 1960s to develop "action art" (Fluxus, Happening, Performance, Body Art, etc.).
		Its main participants were Günter Brus, Otto Mühl, Hermann Nitsch, and Rudolf Schwarzkogler.
		The "Destruction in Art Symposium" in London, 1966, marked the first encounter between members of Fluxus and Actionists and was a landmark of international recognition for the work of Brus, Mühl and Nitsch.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Viennese_Actionism (990 words)

	Rudolf Schwarzkogler ( - ) Artwork Images, Exhibitions, Reviews
		Rudolf Lehmann, A Confession - p.9 The Illustrated London News 6 July 1872, 19th - 20th century
		Rudolf K¸gler, Das rˆmische Carnival by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (Hamburg: Maximilian-Gesellschaft, 1958), 1958
		Johann Rudolf Byss - A vase of flowers n.d.
	www.wwar.com /masters/s/schwarzkogler-rudolf.html (576 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Rudolf Schwarzkogler belongs to the movement "Vienna Actionists", together with Günter Brus, Otto Mühl and Hermann Nitsch.
		Schwarzkogler was the only one who arranged his actions especially for the camera.
		The main theme was not a movement in space, or a dynamic sequence of events, but lay rather in the preparation, the arranging and working with mysterious and alarming pictorial elements.
	www.belvedere.at /sammlungen_en/samm20_werke.php (1335 words)

	"Altered." (Rudolf Schwarzkogler, Austrian Cultural Institute, New York, New York) - Artforum International - HighBeam ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Everyone seems to know by now that Rudolf Schwarzkogler did not actually kill himself by cutting his penis off in slices during an Aktion, and yet you will read no text about the Austrian artist that does not relish in either reporting or debunking the castration myth.
		Perhaps this is because, while manifestly untrue (Schwarzkogler died in 1969 when he leapt or fell from a window), the myth nevertheless expresses in nuce certain truths about the products of his all-too-brief career.
		As is perhaps embodied in the myth of Schwarzkogler's calculated self-castration, madness lay at the end of his method.
	www.highbeam.com /library/docfree.asp?DOCID=1G1:16107209&ctrlInfo=Round18:Mode18c:DocG:Result&ao= (324 words)

	Rudolf Schwarzkogler: Untitled, from the performance Hochzeit (Marriage) (1995.476) \| Object Page \| Timeline of Art ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Along with Günter Brus and Hermann Nitsch, Schwarzkogler was among the leading artists associated with Vienna Actionism, a movement centered around anarchic, often violent and sexually charged performances that flouted the repressive sociopolitical conventions of postwar Austrian culture.
		Hochzeit, the first of Schwarzkogler's actions, was performed on February 6, 1965, for a handful of friends and the camera (all of his subsequent actions were performed exclusively for the camera).
		Standing before a table covered with a white tablecloth and accompanied by Gregorian chants, Schwarzkogler played the role of shaman/priest/alchemist, performing his private ritual with dead fish, a dead chicken, various animal organs, eggs, colored liquids, a knife, and scissors.
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/hd/bola/hod_1995.476.htm (165 words)

	Rudolf Rudolf Steiner & Anthroposophy. Rudolf Steiner. Rudolf Steiner (1861-1925) Was Born In Austri (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Rudolf Carnap was born on May 18, 1891, in Ronsdorf, Germany.
		Schwarzkogler Dedicated to Rudolf Schwarzkogler who killed himself in the name of art by successive acts.
		Inventors Rudolf Diesel (1858 - 1913) Rudolf Diesel was born in Paris in 1858.
	www.99hosted.com /names20136.html (455 words)

	"The body in Viennese Actionism". Photographs by Heinz Cibulka (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		That is the way the body appears in photos from actions of Nitsch, Schwarzkogler and as well Günter Brus and Otto Muehl.
		The photographs from Schwarzkogler's project, where near the balls made of bandages, razor blades and scissors the body of Cibulka appears, are perfect configuration of elements presented in fl and white poetry.
		His body was "used" also in actions of Rudolf Schwarzkogler.
	www.mhf.krakow.pl /dekada/akcjon/akcjona.htm (446 words)

	Viennese Actionism
		The experiment was an offshoot of the ‘Aktionismus’, a Viennese version of the happenings in New York, lead by meanwhile legendary artists such as Nitsch, Schwarzkogler, and Brus.
		Brus, Muehl, Nitsch, Schwarzkogler: four artists who, during the Sixties, became notorious for pushing the definition of art to an extreme which has yet to be surpassed.
		Variously fined, gaoled, and forced into exile, they were ignored by the art establishment of the day, only to be hailed in recent years as one of the most outstanding and unique contibutions to post-war art in Europe.
	www.jahsonic.com /Actionism.html (626 words)

	Welcome to Museion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Thanks to a collaboration between Bolzano’s New Municipal Theater and Museion, the members of the public who visit the theater in the course of the season of 2006 will be greeted by monthly exhibitions of photographic works that belong to the collection of the museum of modern and contemporary art.
		In Austria, the group of the Vienna Actionists (Günther Brus, Otto Mühl, Hermann Nitsch, Rudolf Schwarzkogler) attributed particular meaning and importance to their practices with the body.
		The accent of their actions was often placed on nature, on the desire to discard our current society’s morals, and on giving priority to organic phenomena.
	www.museion.it /eng/1000.html (582 words)

	Rudolf Schwarzkogler Electronic Library
		Rudolf Schwarzkogler (1940-1969) had a brief but brilliant career in art before either falling or jumping to his death from a window.
		An integral part of the group of Viennese performance artists consisting of Hermann Nitsch, Günter Brus, and Otto Muehl, Schwarzkogler shared their themes — pain, self-mutilation, guilt and exorcism — but differed in the control and aesthetic precision of his work.
		Whereas their deliberately provocative performances resembled pagan orgies, Schwarzkogler — influenced more by philosophy, Indian mysticism, Malevich and Suprematism (note the fl square in the aktions) — performed all but one of his aktions in private, carefully staging series of tableaux to be captured by still photographs.
	supervert.com /elibrary/rudolf_schwarzkogler (645 words)

	Faces of Freedom
		Regarding your article on fascist imagery in EST1, with particular reference to your mention of the Viennese Aktionists Rudolf Schwarzkogler and Hermann Nitsch.
		Schwarzkogler became schizophrenic and died after jumping from a window in 1969.
		The pictures were by Schwarzkogler, not of him.
	media.hyperreal.org /zines/est/articles/freelet2.html (1698 words)

	Penn Current \| Fischl on the body
		Less than 100 years later, when performance artist Chris Burden had himself shot in the arm for the piece, “Shoot,” the documentation of the experience was not considered art while the actual shooting was.
		Fischl also discussed his discomfort with the extreme performance art of Rudolf Schwarzkogler (who ultimately killed himself by leaping out a window) and the self-inflicted cuttings of Gina Pane.
		He dismissed Damien Hirst’s series of animals sliced in half and preserved in glass tanks of formaldehyde as a manifestation of the “literalness of death—as though those are the things that help us understand what death is.”
	www.upenn.edu /pennnews/current/2006/042706/topstory2.html (361 words)

	Rudolf Schwarzkogler
		Instructions that Schwarzkogler wrote for his later performances, the ones that seem to depict a nightmare clinic where gauze-wrapped men are poked and prodded with razor blades and electrical wires, convey the elegant, sadomasochistic precision that infused his actions: "Head leaning on a lump of suet.
		A hand with fl painted fingernails is lying on the head." The stunningly beautiful fl and white photos that document these later performances don't seem to culminate in a climax of any sort, but rather simply enlarge the picture of a central atrocity.
		This is what is most disturbing about Schwarzkogler's work: for all of its Apollinian deliberateness, it seems to lead nowhere in particular, like a set of stairs in a dream.
	supervert.com /essays/art/rudolf_schwarzkogler (472 words)

	Portraits - Museum Moderner Kunst Stiftung Ludwig Wien (MUMOK) : Expositie / Exhibition at GALERIES.NL
		Among the creators of these portraits can be found many of the most significant artists of the 20th century, including Oskar Kokoschka, Richard Gerstl, Pablo Picasso, Alberto Giacometti and Francis Bacon.
		An important sub-group is made up of the numerous genuine and sometimes also disguised self-portraits of many artists, among them Chuck Close, Rudolf hausner, Maria Lassnig, Gilbert & George, Cindy Sherman and Elke Krystufek.
		Some of the works exhibited may not be recognisable as portraits at first sight.
	www.galeries.nl /expo.asp?exponr=16319 (519 words)

	Rupertinum - Collections
		A large part of these valuable holdings is devoted to the art of the Interwar period and especially to Austrian and international contemporary art since the end of World War II.
		Valie Export and John Hilliard, Gerhard Rühm and Elke Krystufek, illustrate the interest of the new collection for the media and its discourse as well as for interdisciplinary concepts, just as the larger collection of Hermann Nitsch, Rudolf Schwarzkogler, Otto Muehl and Günter Brus developed into an outstanding anthology of Fluxus and Actionism.
		The sculpture collection unites the great artists of Austrian sculpture work Fritz Wotruba, Alfred Hrdlicka, Joannis Avramidis, Rudolf Hoflehner with contemporary object art such as the work of Peter Weibel, Erwin Wurm or Lois Weinberger.
	www.rupertinum.at /english/sammlungen/default.asp?mainid=3 (206 words)

	News
		The cassette issue has been sold out for quite a while now, so the CD has been eagerly awaited.
		As an extra treat the CD comes with a previously unreleased bonustrack entitled "Documenta 72" (a reference to the art-exhibition in Kassel, in which the documentation of Rudolf Schwarzkogler's performance "Amputation Piece" was shown).
		As those already familiar with the cassette know, this work is just as tortured as the Schwarzkogler performance it is based on.
	astraldustbin.elit.net /naskoren/news.htm (418 words)

	Four Prose Poems - Mark Cunningham - Eclectica Magazine v9n3
		Rudolf Schwarzkogler supposedly shaved bits of himself away with a razor: intense performance art.
		The photos are of a gauze-wrapped model, and Schwarzkogler died when he fell out a window.
		But just standing at the sink, I've had one more jab in my right side, too high for the appendix, too low for the liver.
	www.eclectica.org /v9n3/cunningham.html (349 words)

	Art of Bleeding Live Ambulance Shows
		This theory is only one of many ways Lugner has influenced and inspired Art of Bleeding.
		A creative soul and lifelong student of the Anthrosophical teachings of Rudolf Steiner, Lugner brought a uniquely metaphysical approach to his studies in psychology.
		This dream was cut short four years later, when Lugner was found unconscious in his studio workshop.
	artofbleeding.com /lugner.html (289 words)

	Article - MUMOK - Museum of Modern Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Pop Art is represented by works of Andy Warhol and Claes Oldenburg, Robert Rauschenberg and Jasper Johns and others; Fluxus and Nouveau RÃ©alisme by creations of Daniel Spoerri, Nam June Paik, Yoko Ono, George Brecht and Marcel Duchamp.
		Viennese Actionism, Austria's radical and essential contribution to the international development of avant-garde art, is excellently documented with works by GÃ¼nter Brus, Otto Muehl, Hermann Nitsch and Rudolf Schwarzkogler.
		This section of the exhibition will be complemented by the "20th Paint Action" of Hermann Nitsch in the baroque stables of the Vienna MuseumsQuartier.
	info.wien.at /article.asp?IDArticle=3084&IDLayout=112 (195 words)

	ART VIEW; Still a Credo for Artists: Do as You Please - New York Times
		In its scattershot way, the show covers a lot -- although certainly not all -- of the available ground, ranging through the work of artists on both the East and West coasts and in Europe.
		It includes a famous photograph of the painter Yves Klein throwing himself off a wall in Paris in 1960, but it completely ignores the Austrian Actionists, like Hermann Nitsch and Rudolf Schwarzkogler, a legendary figure said to have died after amputating too many body parts.
		Nonetheless, "Endurance Art" emphasizes shock value, concentrating rather exclusively on pieces involving great physical or psychological stamina.
	query.nytimes.com /gst/fullpage.html?res=990CE0DD1339F931A35757C0A963958260 (640 words)

	ARTless - Nothing Is New, Get Over It
		ARTless - Nothing Is New, Get Over It Schwarzkogler: not the dumbass who cut off his penis, but the dumbass who may have fell out a window.
		While it is rumored that Rudolf Schwarzkogler bled to death during a performance where he sliced off strips of skin from his penis until there was nothing left, it's a rumor and nothing else.
		In actuality, he died when he either fell or jumped out of his bedroom window in 1969.
	www.theapesheet.com /archivethree/newart.html (842 words)

	Gallery 9 - Philippe Vergne discusses Otto Muehl’s Untitled (1963) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Otto Muehl, for me, for a long time, has been an important artist.
		He was associated and one of the founders of the movement in Vienna, a post-war movement, called the Viennese Actionism, together with three other artists: Gunter Bruce, Hermann Nitsch, and Rudolf Schwarzkogler.
		This movement has been considered as the first modernist movement in Austrian art history.
	gallery9.walkerart.org /midtext.html?id=522 (400 words)

	Art Basel Miami Beach (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Since then at least 270 exhibitions of national and international artists, solo shows, group shows, and curated topic shows have been organized.
		The gallery program focuses on the one hand on international performance art and body-related art (Chris Burden, Paul McCarthy, Mike Kelley, Nancy Rubins) based originally on Viennese Actionism (Rudolf Schwarzkogler, Günter Brus, Hermann Nitsch, Otto Muehl).
		Besides the gallery program, Dr. Ursula Krinzinger also organizes and curates major exhibitions in various spaces outside the gallery.
	www.artbaselmiamibeach.com /ca/en/eiz (168 words)

	A New Director For the Hirshhorn
		She previously worked for the High Museum of Art in Atlanta and Norton Museum of Art in West Palm Beach, Fla., and holds a master's degree from Emory University.
		Partly because of its focus on contemporary art, the Hirshhorn has enjoyed a reputation as the place to see the Smithsonian's most challenging offerings -- for example, the 1996 exhibit of Rudolf Schwarzkogler's "Actionist" art, which featured photographs of self-mutilation.
		That daring reputation, says Viso, will continue under her tenure, as will a dedication to underrepresented artists.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-dyn/content/article/2005/05/31/AR2005053101427.html (517 words)

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