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	Rudolf Margolius
		Rudolf was born in Prague in 1913 into a patriotic Czech, middle-class milieu.
		In December 1951, a secret service official formally proposed Rudolf’s arrest on the grounds that he was guilty of “anti-state activities and sabotage in the area of foreign trade.” This was a boldfaced lie, but at this point no one cared about such details.
		Rudolf nebyl zatčen proto, čím byl nebo proto, co udělal, ale proto, že byl náměstkem ministra zahraničního obchodu a autoři scénáře právě tuhle roli potřebovali do chystaného procesu obsadit.
	www.margolius.co.uk /rudolf_margolius.htm (1947 words)

	ABC News: Former Czech Ambassador Slansky Dies
		Slansky, whose father had been leader of the Communist Party, was jailed early in his life when his father was sentenced to death during the Stalinist purges of the 1950s.
		Slansky later joined the "Prague Spring" Communist reform movement led by Alexander Dubcek in the late 1960s and went on to sign the Charter 77 human rights manifesto inspired a decade later by Vaclav Havel.
		Slansky was jailed early in his life when his father, also named Rudolf, was sentenced to death after a 1952 show trial with 13 other officials, including government ministers.
	abcnews.go.com /International/wireStory?id=1850961&CMP=OTC-RSSFeeds0312 (319 words)

	Show Time: The Trial of Rudolf Slansky
		Slansky was a target for Stalin's purge, second, because he was a Czech, and Stalin viewed his Czech colleagues with particular suspicion.
		Breaking Slansky took six months; the remaining months were spent defining and refining the details of his imaginary crimes against the communist regime, and rehearsing for the all-important show trial.
		Communists such as Slansky believed that the interests of the party always came first, ahead of individual rights, ahead of abstractions such as "truth." Slansky may have believed that his confession, false though it was, served the party.
	wps.ablongman.com /long_levack_west_1/0,8723,1125263-,00.html (1085 words)

	Rudolf Margolius
		Rudolf was born in Prague in 1913 into a patriotic Czech, middle-class milieu.
		In December 1951, a secret service official formally proposed Rudolf’s arrest on the grounds that he was guilty of “anti-state activities and sabotage in the area of foreign trade.” This was a boldfaced lie, but at this point no one cared about such details.
		Rudolf nebyl zatčen proto, čím byl nebo proto, co udělal, ale proto, že byl náměstkem ministra zahraničního obchodu a autoři scénáře právě tuhle roli potřebovali do chystaného procesu obsadit.
	www.btinternet.com /~ivan.margolius/rudolf_margolius.htm (1947 words)

	Rudolf Slansky, 71, Czech Ambassador, Is Dead - New York Times
		PRAGUE (AP) — Rudolf Slansky, a former ambassador to Russia and son of the Czechoslovak Communist leader of the same name who was put to death during the Stalinist purges, died Monday.
		Slansky was jailed early in his life when his father was sentenced to death after a 1952 show trial.
		Rudolf Slansky joined the Communist reform movement in the late 1960's known as the Prague Spring.
	www.nytimes.com /2006/04/18/world/europe/18slansky.html?ex=1303012800&en=9286e4eaad20b28d&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss (328 words)

	JTA - Breaking News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		Former Czech diplomat Rudolf Slansky, whose father was sentenced to death in a Stalinist trial that featured anti-Semitic rhetoric, died Monday at 71.
		Slansky’s father, who shared his name, was sentenced to death after the 1952 show trial, part of an anti-Semitic wave in the years proceeding Stalin’s death.
		Many of the elder Slansky’s colleagues in the Communist Party who were sentenced to death at the trial also were Jewish.
	jta.org /page_view_breaking_story.asp?intid=2256 (95 words)

	North Jersey Media Group providing local news, sports & classifieds for Northern New Jersey!
		PRAGUE, Czech Republic -- Rudolf Slansky, a former ambassador to Russia and son of a Czechoslovak Communist leader who was put to death during the Stalinist purges, died Monday.
		Slansky was jailed early in his life when his father, also named Rudolf, was sentenced to death after a 1952 show trial with 13 other officials, including government ministers.
		Slansky continued his diplomatic mission to Moscow as Czech ambassador and later as ambassador to Slovakia.
	www.northjersey.com /page.php?qstr=eXJpcnk3ZjczN2Y3dnFlZUVFeXkzNzYmZmdiZWw3Zjd2cWVlRUV5eTY5MjAzMTkmeXJpcnk3ZjcxN2Y3dnFlZUVFeXkxMg== (229 words)

	Rudolf Slánský Summary
		Rudolf Salzmann Slánsky (1901-1952) was one of the founding members of the Czechoslovak Communist Party and played a leading role in the Communist takeover of Czechoslovakia in 1948.
		In May 1968 they were fully rehabilitated and exonerated of their alleged crimes, though none of them were reinstated as members of the Czechoslovak Communist Party.
		Rudolf Slánský (July 31 1901, Nezvěstice near Kladno – December 2 1952) was a Czech Communist politician and the party's General Secretary after World War II.
	www.bookrags.com /Rudolf_Sl%C3%A1nsk%C3%BD (2002 words)

	«PRAGUE'S WINTER» - YAKOV ETINGER
		The main man at the trial was Rudolf Slansky (Zaltsman), who was proclaimed the organizer and leader of the anti-government conspiracy.
		In 1935 Slansky was elected a deputy to the National Assembly of Czechoslovakia.
		Slansky was one of the leaders of the 1948 February revolt, which brought up communist dictatorship in Czechoslovakia.
	www.jewukr.org /observer/jo24_43/p0103_e.html (1623 words)

	1951, March 2. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		Premier Antonin Zapotocky announced a “desperate coal shortage” and the complete failure of the state farms.
		A mass treason trial opened in Prague, with Rudolf Slansky, former secretary general of the Czechoslovak Communist Party, pleading guilty to treason, espionage, and sabotage.
		Slansky and ten other prominent Communists were sentenced to be hanged; their execution took place on Dec. 3.
	www.bartleby.com /67/3126.html (134 words)

	The Prague Post Online
		Among them were Rudolf Slansky, ex-secretary general of the Czechoslovak Communist Party; ex-Foreign Minister Vladimir Clementis; and Rudolf Margolius, 39, ex-deputy minister of foreign trade.
		She fought hard not just to protect her son but to clear her husband's name (it took her 11 years and she had to smuggle his secret vindication to the West), obtain a death certificate to prove she was widowed (which took two years) and trace his ashes.
		At first, when Rudolf was arrested, Heda told Ivan that his father had gone away on a trip.
	www.praguepost.com /P03/2002/Art/1127/pprofile.php (1147 words)

	FILM REVIEW; Loyalty to Communism Rewarded by Execution - New York Times
		In 1952 Rudolf Slansky, the former secretary general of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, was put on trial, along with 13 co-defendants, on charges of espionage and treason.
		Heda Margolius Karlovy, whose husband, Rudolf Margolius, was executed, ruefully looks back on their mistaken belief that communism was the opposite of fascism, rather than its mirror image.
		Of course Slansky himself had been preparing his own show trial and had been involved in the repression that followed the Communist takeover in 1948.
	query.nytimes.com /gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0DE7D61038F937A2575AC0A9679C8B63 (763 words)

	Amazon.com: Reflections of Prague: Journeys through the 20th century: Books: Ivan Margolius (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		Ivan and Heda, of course, are son and wife to the late Rudolf Margolius, a one-time deputy minister in the former Czechoslovakia's Ministry of Trade.
		For instance, one is an ambiguously-crafted note Rudolf had penned to his young boy, which reveals shades of the inner-agony that Rudolf and his fourteen co-accused must have felt while awaiting their execution under the libels.
		Rudolf Margolius was a dedicated father, husband, and moreover, as Ivan unearthed, had served the interests of the then-new Czechoslovak "people's republic" with all his heart.
	amazon.com /Reflections-Prague-Journeys-through-century/dp/0470022191 (1579 words)

	TIME.com: Rudolf the Red-Haired Comrade -- Dec. 10, 1951 -- Page 1
		Rudolf Slansky, a tall, red-haired butcher's son from a village near Pilsen, was a devoted Communist.
		Slansky arranged the successful coup of 1948, supervised the purges that followed, used his power as secretary general to install his own people in vital jobs.
		"Comrade Gottwald speaks a holy truth," said Slansky dutifully, "when he says the blame is all with me." Slansky's job as secretary general was abolished, and the party was placed more firmly in Gottwald's control.
	www.time.com /time/magazine/article/0,9171,815698,00.html (664 words)

	Rudolf Slánský - Wikipedia
		Slánský en 10 anderen werden ter dood veroordeeld, de overige 3 werden tot levenslange gevangenisstraf veroordeeld.
		Op 3 december 1952 werd Rudolf Slánský opgehangen.
		Zie ook: Vladimír Clementis - Dokters complot - Processen van Praag
	nl.wikipedia.org /wiki/Rudolf_Slansky (385 words)

	The Hindu : dated November 29, 1952: Control by Terror in Czechoslovakia
		Vladimir Clementis and Rudolf Slansky, former Foreign Minister and former head of the Czech Communist Party respectively, and nine top officials, have been sentenced to death for high treason at a `trial'.
		It is improbable that veteran Communists like Slansky and Clementis plotted treason, they being leaders in the 1948 revolution which brought Czechoslovakia into the Communist fold.
		We may surmise that men like Clementis and Slansky were opposed to draconian measures and believed that workers should not be over-driven merely because Moscow was critical of Czech achievements.
	www.hindu.com /thehindu/2002/11/29/stories/2002112905740900.htm (426 words)

	Institut für Zeitgeschichte
		Rudolf Slansky was a lifelong Stalinist, general secretary of the Communist party of Czechoslovakia (1945-1951), and one of the main strategists of the February 1948 coup d'état.
		In seeking to expose the roots of the Slansky affair, this article focuses on the hitherto uncharted terrain defined by the lives of Rudolf Slansky, Noel and Hermann Field, and Major (later Colonel) Frantisek Zdenek Ostry.
		The affair is seen as a Cold War episode in which the competing forces of east and west worked together in an entirely unintended, yet harmonious manner to cause Slansky's downfall and death.
	www.ifz-muenchen.de /vierteljahrshefte/vfz_4_99.html (1114 words)

	MIA - Section française : Rudolf Slansky (biographie) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		Jeune intellectuel juif slovaque, Slansky rejoint le P.C. Tchécosolovaque lors de sa fondation en 1921.
		Slansky passe l'essentiel de la période de la guerre en U.R.S.S. et revient en Slovaquie pour participer à l'insurrection qui précipite la chute des nazis.
		En septembre 1951, coup de théatre : Slansky est arrêté, accusé de complot "titiste".
	www.marxists.org /francais/bios/slansky.htm (116 words)

	CNN - Cold War
		In the Soviet bloc, Joseph Stalin was eliminating all traces of outside influences -- and any dissent against his form of communism.
		Following his split with Yugoslav leader Marshal Tito, Stalin had Czechoslovakia's Communist Party secretary, Rudolf Slansky, arrested and charged with Titoism, spying and sabotage.
		Slansky and 10 others were executed in 1952.
	www.cnn.com /SPECIALS/cold.war/episodes/06/recap/5.html (101 words)

	Czechoslovakia Coup of 1948
		Rudolf Slansky, for example, who was first secretary of the party, was executed.
		Slansky and Svoboda were both rehabilitated--posthumously in the case of Slansky, but Svoboda regained his army rank in 1955 and became commandant of the Klement Gottwald Military Political Academy, a post he held until his retirement from military service in 1959.
		Although the morale of the troops suffered from the purges, the size of the military establishment grew rapidly, increasing from 140,000 in 1950 to over 250,000 in 1951.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/world/war/czechoslovakia.htm (373 words)

	Tisk clanku - Zemrel byvaly diplomat Rudolf Slansky (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		Tisk clanku - Zemrel byvaly diplomat Rudolf Slansky
		PRAHA - Po tezke nemoci dnes rano zemrel ve veku 71 let byvaly diplomat a disident Rudolf Slansky.
		Rudolf Slansky byl clovek neobycejne pevnych zasad a neskonale dobroty," rekl k odchodu sveho pritele Rychetsky.
	www.denik.cz /z_domova/slansky060417.html?tisk=true (321 words)

	Comcast.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		Czech diplomat Rudolf Slansky in this Sept. 27, 2004...
		PRAGUE, Czech Republic - Rudolf Slansky, a former ambassador to Russia and son of the Czechoslovak Communist leader who was put to death during the Stalinist purges, died Monday.
		This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
	www.comcast.net /includes/article/print.jsp?fn=/data/news/html//2006/04/17/369464.html (194 words)

	Il y a de cela 50 ans, Rudolf Slansky est devenu la victime de ses propres purges - 19-11-2002 - Radio Prague
		Il y a de cela 50 ans, Rudolf Slansky est devenu la victime de ses propres purges
		Pour le protagoniste du groupe, Slansky, deuxième homme du pouvoir communiste et ami de Gottwald, tout a commencé en juillet 1951.
		L'aveu public de Rudolf Slansky, retransmis en direct à la radio, a été le résultat des tortures physiques et psychiques pratiquées sous l'assistance de conseillers soviétiques.
	www.radio.cz /fr/article/34637 (692 words)

	Rudolf Slansky, 71, Czech Ambassador, Is Dead (New York Times) - ExpatsSlovakia.com
		Rudolf Slansky, 71, Czech Ambassador, Is Dead (New York Times) - ExpatsSlovakia.com
		Rudolf Slansky, 71, Czech Ambassador, Is Dead (New York Times)
		Rudolf Slansky, a former ambassador to Russia and son of the Czechoslovak Communist leader of the same name,was put to death during the Stalinist purges.
	www.expatsslovakia.com /news/item/1171 (260 words)

	[No title]
		Through the use of evidence recently found in various archival collections, Lukes exposes the roots of the demotion (September 1951), arrest (November 1951), and execution (December 1952) of Rudolf Slansky, one of the most prominent Stalinists in the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia.
		The article disproves the central assumption of scholars who have dealt with the topic, namely, that the cause of Slansky's arrest, a letter addressed to him from the west, had been forged by communist intelligence in Prague or Moscow in order to imply Slansky's collusion with the enemy.
		The case of Rudolf Slansky represents a Cold War episode in which the competing forces of the east and west worked together in an unintended, yet harmonious manner.
	www.econ.uiuc.edu /~slavrev/581abs.html (1359 words)

	The Cold War, 1953-60
		Some were jailed and some were executed, as had been the communist leader Lazlo Rajk in Hungary, accused of conspiring with Yugoslavia's leader, Tito.
		In 1952 in Czechoslovakia, the Secretary-General of the Communist Party, Rudolf Slansky, and others were accused of being Trotskyite-Titoist-Zionists.
		Slansky made a false confession and he and nine others - seven of whom were Jews like Slansky - were executed.
	www.fsmitha.com /h2/ch24t60.html (6844 words)

	Décès du diplomate et ancien dissident, Rudolf Slansky - 18-04-2006 - Radio Prague
		Décès du diplomate et ancien dissident, Rudolf Slansky
		Membre du parti communiste dans les années 1960, Rudolf Slansky en fut exclu après 1968, date de l'invasion soviétique, en raison de ses activités pendant le processus du renouveau.
		Pour l'actuel chef de la diplomatie Cyril Svoboda, qui a fait la connaissance de Rudolf Slansky il y a plus de quarante ans, il était un diplomate remarquable, un homme particulièrement courageux et qui avait le sens de l'humour.
	www.radio.cz /fr/article/78032 (491 words)

	How Czechoslovakia Became Communist
		Key to the analysis of Czechoslovakia’s economic trajectory after 1945 was Benes’ commitment to integrating “the Czechoslovak production plan to the state plan of the USSR” according to a December 16, 1943 memo.
		These plans were hammered out in long sessions with top Czech Communist officials living in exile in the USSR, including Klement Gottwald, Rudolf Slansky, Jan Sverma and Vaclav Kopecky.
		Basically, they envisioned a bloc of social democrats and Communists to carry out the transformation of Czech society.
	www.columbia.edu /~lnp3/mydocs/state_and_revolution/czechoslovakia.htm (1343 words)

	Rudolf Slansky
		Slansky fled to the Soviet Union where he remained for most of the Second World War.
		He had either been murdered or had committed suicide in protest at the imposition of a Stalinist political system.
		Slansky refused to follow the orders of Joseph Stalin and in September, 1951, he was arrested and charged with being a follower of Josip Tito of Yugoslavia.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /COLDslansky.htm (248 words)

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