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Topic: Rudolph IV of Austria

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	A - LoveToKnow Article on A (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Austria and Spain were thus divided, and, in spite of the efforts of the archduke Charles in the Spanish Succession War, were never again united, for at the battle of Mohflcs, on the 28th of August 1526, Suleiman the Mohacs.
		Austria did not benefit from the reign of Charles V. The emperor was too much absorbed in the affairs of the rest of his vast dominions, Chdarfes V. notably those of the Empire, rent in two by religious Austria.
		Austria proper was The policy left to his eldest son Maximilian, Tirol to the archduke of Ford!- Ferdinand; and Styria with Carinthia and Carniola nand and to the archduke Charles.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /A/A/A.htm (20369 words)

	Rulers of Austria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Austria became one of the marches (the Ostmark) of the Holy Roman Empire after the Battle of Lechfeld in 955, and was given a margrave around 960.
		Until 1278 Austria was ruled by the Babenberg family.
		Leopold IV ( 1136 - 1141) ( Duke of Bavaria, 1139-1141)
	www.1-free-software.com /en/wikipedia/r/ru/rulers_of_austria.html (168 words)

	Wikipedia free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		rulers of Austria (as dukes 1282 â“ 1453, archdukes 1453 â“ 1804, and emperors 1804 â“ 1918),
		Rudolph II, son of Rudolph I, duke of Austria and Styria together with his brother 1282 - 1283, was dispossessed by his brother, who eventually would be murdered by one of Rudolph's sons.
		Albert IV ( Albrecht IV), duke of Austria 1395 - 1404, in conflict with Leopold IV.
	grenadines.paellaman.com /encyclopedia.php?title=Habsburg (2654 words)

	Rudolph - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Rudolph I of Bohemia, King of Bohemia (1306-1307) =Rudolph III of Austria
		Rudolph II of the Palatinate, Count Palatine of the Rhine and Elector (1329-1353)
		Rudolph IV of Austria, the Founder, Duke (1358-1365)
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Rudolph (242 words)

	Austria Today (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		It was Rudolph IV who laid the foundation stone for the Stephansdom and founded the University of Vienna.
		Rudolf's father-in-law Charles IV, German Emperor from the house of Luxembourg, was the first to refer to the Habsburgs as "the House of Austria" (Domus Austriae).
		Austria´s involvement in the Holocaust is a sad and painful chapter of history and one which is still being unravelled.
	www.austriatoday.at /history.html (1579 words)

	The Austrian Flag
		The flag was adopted by Friedrich II., der Streitbare, the last Babenberg as Duke of Austria in the 13th century.
		According to legend, Duke Leopold V. of Austria (1157-1194) was involved in a fierce battle during the Crusades.
		The oldest source for the new flag is contained in a seal kept in the monastery of Lilienfeld (Lower Austria) dated 30 November 1230.
	www.sinz.org /Michael.Sinz/Austria (278 words)

	AUSTRIA-HUNGARY - LoveToKnow Article on AUSTRIA-HUNGARY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The unity of the monarchy is expressed in the common head of the state, who bears the title Emperor of Austria and Apostolic King of Hungary, and in the common administration of a series of affairs, which affect both halves of the Dual Monarchy.
		The yearly contingent of recruits for the army is fixed by the military bills voted by the Austrian and Hungarian parliaments, and is generally determined on the basis of the population, according to the last census returns.
		The first nucleus round which the present dominions of the house of Austria gradually accumulated was the mark which lay along the south bank of the Danube, east of the river OrI,~In of Enns, founded about A.D. 8oo as a defence for the the name.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /A/AU/AUSTRIA_HUNGARY.htm (20402 words)

	Habsburg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		After the death of Rudolph IV, his brothers Albert III and Leopold III ruled the Habsburg possessions together from 1365 until 1379, when they split the territories in the treaty of Neuberg, Albert keeping Austria proper and Leopold ruling over Styria, Carinthia, Tyrol, and Vorderösterreich.
		Emperors of Austria of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine
		Ferdinand I, emperor of Austria 1835 - 1848
	www.mywiseowl.com /index.php?title=Habsburg&action=creativecommons (1906 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: University of Vienna
		It was founded on 12 March, 1365, by Rudolph IV, Duke of Austria, and its charter confirmed on 18 July of the same year by Urban V, a faculty of theology not being included in the papal authorization.
		The disorders after Maximilian's death and the appearance of Luther's doctrines in Austria caused the university to decline rapidly.
		During the reign of Rudolph II (1576-1612), who was by education a strict Catholic, a Counter-Reformation was begun.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/15421a.htm (3016 words)

	BBC - h2g2 - The Hapsburgs to Charles V
		In 1273, Duke Rudolph IV of Hapsburg was crowned Emperor of Rome
		Rudolph defeated Ottokar at the Battle of Dürnkrut and declared himself Rudolph I of Austria
		The position of the dynasty was weakened in 1307 by the death of Albert's son Rudolph III, the heir apparent and King of Bohemia.
	www.bbc.co.uk /dna/ww2/A2927423 (1462 words)

	[No title]
		Rudolph IV adopted it as the coat-of-arms of "Old Austria" alongside the traditional escutcheon of "New Austria".
		History : When the Babenbergs were invested with Austria as a fief in 976, the area that passed into their hands comprised parts of modern-day Lower Austria, notably the Danube Valley.
		In 1156, when Austria was made a Duchy, the Babenbergs ruled over a land that roughly corresponded to modern-day Lower Austria, except for the south of the province which was added (at the expense of Styria) during the reign of Ottokar II Premysl.
	www.austria-cafe.com /laus.htm (292 words)

	Master Theodoric, About Emperor Charles IV
		Charles IV of Luxemburg was elected king of the Romans in 1346 and king of Bohemia a year later.
		In 1364 Karel IV and Rudolph IV, Duke of Austria concluded hereditary contracts between the House of Luxemburg and the House of Habsburg.
		In his last will, Karel IV divided his lands among his sosns; Vaclav IV was to reign in Bohemia, Silesia, Budysin area and Lower Lucetia and become the feudal lord of Moravia, the opava area and of imperial feuds respectively.
	www.geocities.com /theodoricus/charl.html (1123 words)

	The Middle Ages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Although he ruled for a relatively short period (1358-1365), Rudolph personifies much of the intellectual and artistic movement in what later was unimaginatively (and somewhat slightingly) dubbed "The Middle Ages".
		The new coin carries a portrait of Rudolph IV based on a stone figure from the facade of St. Stephen's cathedral.
		The coins in the series "Austria throughout the Ages" are legal tender in the Republic of Austria.
	www.austrian-mint.com /e/mittelalter.html (213 words)

	Istria on the Internet - Regions, Cities, Towns and Hamlets
		of Austria, who took the title of duke of Carniola; and since then the duchy has remained a part of the Austrian possessions, except during the short period from 1809 to 1813, when it was incorporated with the French Illyrian Provinces.
		Their neighbors on the south-west are Italians, on the west and north Germans: history and placenames point to Slovenes having formerly held parts of Tirol, Salzburg and Austria Proper; and on the east they have given up south-west Hungary to the Magyars; to the south they have the kindred race of the Croats.
		In the Middle Ages the Church held much property in Krain, thus in Upper and Lower Krain the Bishop of Friesing became (974) a feudal lord of the city of Skofja Loka, the Bishop of Brixen held Bled and possessions in the valley of Bohinj, and the Bishop of Lavant got Mokronog.
	www.istrianet.org /istria/history/krain-slovenes.htm (3728 words)

	[No title]
		On January 21, 1363 Margarete "Maultasch", Countess of Tyrol, handed over these territories to the Habsburg ruler Rudolph IV after the death of her son Meinrad III.
		In February of the following year Rudolph IV was invested with the County of Tyrol by his father-in-law Emperor Karl IV.
		In 1805 Austria was forced to cede Tyrol to Bavaria, but it was reunited with Austria by the Congress of Vienna in 1815.
	www.austria-cafe.com /tyrol.htm (261 words)

	David Haardt \| Study in Austria - A Guide
		It is also the oldest university of the German-speaking countries, founded in 1365 by Duke Rudolph IV (1339-1365), thus its Latin name "Alma Mater Rudolphina".
		Apart from Bruckner and KTU, Austria's private universities are very much American in the structure of their degrees, requiring full attendance according to a strict curriculum, with standardised tests required for admission.
		Apart from Austria's Universities, there is also a growing number of "Fachhochschulen", the official translation of which is "Universities of Applied Sciences".
	haardt.net /studyinat.htm (3853 words)

	Euro Collections International :: View Product
		One side of this coin depicts a portrait of Duke Rudolph IV of Austria and is based on a stone figure from the facade of St. Stephen?s cathedral.
		The Austrian Mint selected Rudolph IV, to represent this long and important period of history because he is known as "the Founder".
		In his reign Rudolph not only reformed the administration and finances, but initiated the rebuilding of Vienna?s St. Stephen?s cathedral into a splendid Gothic church and founded the University of Vienna, the second oldest in the German-speaking world.
	eurocollections.com /catalog/?product=269 (212 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search View - Modern Architecture
		Mackintosh's influence spread across the European continent to Vienna, Austria, where architects Joseph Maria Olbrich and Josef Hoffman and painter Gustav Klimt formed a group known as the Vienna Secession after they had seceded from the tradition-bound Viennese Academy of Fine Arts.
		The catalog of International Style architecture included few examples from the United States, and those few were mainly the work of Europeans who had immigrated to the United States.
		And for the same client, the Lovell House (1929, Los Angeles, California) by Richard Neutra, also of Austria, which featured a flat roof, slender steel frame, and freely arranged interior plan.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761595616__1/Modern_Architecture.html (8152 words)

	Articles - Habsburg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In 1867 effective autonomy was given to Hungary under the terms of the Ausgleich or "compromise" ( see Austria-Hungary) until the Habsburgs'; deposition from both Austria and Hungary in 1918 following defeat in World War I.
		Maximilian, an adventurous younger son, was invited as part of Napoleon III 's manipulations to take the throne of Mexico.
		Franz I, emperor of Austria 1804 - 1835: was Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
	www.1-helmets.com /articles/Habsburg (2324 words)

	University of Vienna - free-definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The University of Vienna ( German : Universität Wien) was founded in 1365 by Rudolph IV and hence named Alma mater Rudolphina.
		While guaranteeing that all groups had equal chances to bring up changes in the university, some argue that it led to corruption, especially in the nomination of people into prestigious positions.
		The present government of Wolfgang SchÃ¼ssel enacted a reform of the universitary system in Austria, leading to a concentration of power with the senior professors, the introduction of a board of directors and tuition fees.
	www.free-definition.com /University-of-Vienna.html (240 words)

	Novo mesto (Civic Municipality, Slovenia) # fahnenversand.de - Fahnen Flaggen Fahne Flagge Nationalflaggen ...
		The coat of arms of the Civic Municipality of Novo mesto is the coat of arms of the city of Novo mesto, that pictures Archiduke Rudolph IV, who granted civic rights to the city in 1365.
		Rudolph IV of Hapsburg, Duke of Austria in 1358, Archiduke of Austria in 1363, died in 1365.
		Rudolph had high ambitions and even fabricated documents allegedly bestowing privileges on Austria by Julius Caesar: among the expert witnesses who condemned them was the poet Petrarch.
	www.fahnenversand.de /fotw/flags/si-085.html (182 words)

	ARCHDEACON - LoveToKnow Article on ARCHDEACON (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Nor does it occur any of the charters granted to the dukes of Austria by the iperors; though in that creating the first duke of Austria the ;hiduces palatii, i.e.
		The Archidux Austriae, seu Austriae inferioris ~ spoken of by Abbot Rudolph (d.
		1365), and was one of the rights and vileges included in his famous forgery of the year 1358, the ~vilegium ma/us, which purported to have been bestowed the emperor Frederick I. on the dukes of Austria in extension the genuine privilegium minus of 1156, granted to the margrave nry II.
	www.1911ency.org /A/AR/ARCHDEACON.htm (1884 words)

	RuRz (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		RUDOLPH IV of Austria (1339-1365) Duke, founder of Vienna University - Austria B189
		RUDOLPH I of Hapsburg (1218-1291) Holy Roman Emperor - Austria 1086
		Born June 23, 1940 in Saint Bethlehem, Tennessee, she is the only American to win three gold medals, 1960 Olympics.
	www.philately.com /philately/biorurz.htm (2409 words)

	Timeline 1661-1699
		It was written to celebrate the marriage of Louis XIV and Maria Theresa of Austria.
		The severed head of Kara Mustapha, Turkish grand vizier, was preserved by Austria as a souvenir of the siege of Vienna.
		1687-1691 Suleiman II succeeded Mehmed IV in the Ottoman House of Osman.
	timelines.ws /1661_1699.HTML (13626 words)

	TIMELINE 13th CENTURY page of ULTIMATE SCIENCE FICTION WEB GUIDE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		He was Chaplain to Pope Urban IV; he translated Euclid to the text used in most early printed editions (but depended in part on three previous Arabic translations).
		It was a small cannon, and might well have had predecessors (currently unknown) for a decade or so.
		1214: King Philip II of France defeats King Otto IV of Germany at the Battle of Bouvines.
	www.magicdragon.com /UltimateSF/timeline13.html (4999 words)

	European Royal History: Our Bookstore (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The memoirs of Crown Prince Rudolf of Austria's widow.
		The story of the second Bourbon king of France, son of Henri IV and father of Louis XIV.
		Bourbon-Parma, the Carlist Pretender to the throne of Spain.
	www.eurohistory.com /bookstore.htm (5666 words)

	Internet Sources of German Genealogy
		Addresses of the Family History Centers of the mormons (LDS Church) in Germany / Austria / Switzerland
		Archives in Austria (addresses) by Andreas Hanacek, Stuttgart, Germany
		There's no claim for being listed here and the listing can be refused or cancelled at any time.
	home.bawue.de /~hanacek/info/edatbase.htm (1957 words)

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