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Topic: Rudolphine Tables

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	The Rudolphine Tables
		Solar Physicists : Kepler > The Rudolphine Tables
		Frontispiece of the Rudolphine Tables of planetary positions, published by Kepler in 1627 in Ulm and dedicated to Tycho's and Kepler's deceased patron, Rudolph II.
		The Rudolphine Tables were the first to make use of Kepler's newly formulated Laws on planetary motions, calibrated using Tycho's store of accurate planetary observations.
	www.hao.ucar.edu /Public/education/bios/rudolphines.html (181 words)

	Interior of a Picture gallery
		The armillary sphere that appears on a table at the left of the painting is in a recessed cupboard in the drawing.
		Prior to the creation of the Mathematics Tower in the Rudolphine Kunstkammer, it was the Belvedere that constituted the “mathematical museum” of the castle, and it seems to have continued to contain mathematical instruments and portraits of distinguished mathematicians in the seventeenth century (personal communication, Eliska Fucikova).
		A central position in the painting is occupied by an engraving of the beheading of a female saint that seems to draw its inspiration directly from a well-known engraving of the beheading of St. Catherine by the Master MZ, particularly in the rendering of the saint which is almost identical.
	www.stanford.edu /~mgorman/picturaweb/Report.htm (6510 words)

	Nicolaus Copernicus (1743-1543)
		Kepler, who (unlike Tycho) was a convinced follower of Copernicus, to deduce his three laws of planetary motion (1609, 1619) and to construct astronomical tables, the Rudolphine Tables (Ulm, 1627), whose enduring accuracy did much to persuade astronomers of the correctness of the Copernican theory.
		Kepler calculated tables of eight-figure logarithms, which were published with the Rudolphine Tables (Ulm, 1628).
		And as the years mounted up, the continued accuracy of the tables was, naturally, seen as an argument for the correctness of Kepler's laws, and thus for the correctness of the heliocentric astronomy.
	www.math.utep.edu /Faculty/helmut/oldclass/200310_univ1301/Astronomy.html (3426 words)

	Johannes Kepler
		Kepler calculated tables of eight-figure logarithms, which were published with the Rudolphine Tables (Ulm, 1628).
		And as the years mounted up, the continued accuracy of the tables was, naturally, seen as an argument for the correctness of Kepler's laws, and thus for the correctness of the heliocentric astronomy.
		By the time the Rudolphine Tables were published Kepler was, in fact, no longer working for the Emperor (he had left Linz in 1626), but for Albrecht von Wallenstein (1583 - 1632), one of the few successful military leaders in the Thirty Years' War (1618 - 1648).
	www.geocities.com /thenavigator25/Johannes_Kepler.html (6785 words)

	Physics Documentation: Kepler
		Kepler's main task as Imperial Mathematician was to write astronomical tables, based on Tycho's observations, but what he really wanted to do was write "The Harmony of the World", planned since 1599 as a development of his Mystery of the Cosmos.
		And as the time goes by, the continued accuracy of the tables was, naturally, seen as an argument for the correctness of Kepler's laws, and thus for the correctness of the heliocentric astronomy.
		By the time the "Rudolphine Tables" were published Kepler was, in fact, no longer working for the Emperor, but for Albrecht von Wallenstein (1583 -1632), one of the few successful military leaders in the Thyrty Year's War (1618- 1648).
	mit.fnal.gov /~paus/phys/johannes-kepler.html (2262 words)

	Rudolphine Tables -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Latin Tabulae Rudolphinae, planetary tables and star catalog published in 1627 by Johannes Kepler, based principally on the observations of Tycho Brahe.
		One of the fastest-moving indoor sports is table tennis, also known as Ping-Pong (an imitation of the sound made by the ball striking the table and hollow vellum battledores used in the early 1900s).
		Table wines come in three basic colors: white (often yellow to golden), red, or rosé (a pale pink).
	www.britannica.com /eb/article?tocId=9064366 (871 words)

	Johann Kepler biography
		Kepler early conceived that there must be some intelligible reason for the actual disposition of the solar system, and it was mainly the development of this idea that gained him a wide reputation and the friendship of Tycho Brahe and Galileo.
		In the capacity of Imperial mathematician he completed the Rudolphine Tables, which had been left unfinished by the death of his former patron, Tycho Brahe.
		In September, 1627, he finished the Rudolphine Tables, the appendix of which contained a catalogue of 1005 stars.
	www.dromo.info /keplerbio.htm (704 words)

	[No title]
		Moreover, he calculated the most exact astronomical tables hitherto known, whose continued accuracy did much to establish the truth of heliocentric astronomy (Rudolphine Tables, Ulm, 1627).
		And as the years mounted up, thecontinued accuracy of the tables was, naturally, seen as an argument for the correctness of Kepler's laws, and thus for the correctness of the heliocentric astronomy.
		Wallenstein By the time the Rudolphine Tables were published Kepler was, in fact, no longer working for the Emperor (he had left Linz in 1626), but for Albrecht von Wallenstein (1583 - 1632), one of the few successful military leaders in the Thirty Years' War (1618 - 1648).
	library.thinkquest.org /C006649/phys12.html (3136 words)

	JOHANNES KEPLER AND THE ENTRENCHMENT OF THE HELIOCENTRIC CONCEPT
		Kepler was comissioned by the Emporer Rudolf II to use Brahe’s extensive catalogue of raw observational data to produce the “Rudolphine Tables”.
		The tables are impressively accurate with their margin of error satying within 10 seconds of current measurements, unlike some earlier tables which were five degrees off.(5) The longitude of any planet could be found at any time using Kepler’s equation, which used logarithims for calculation.
		Brahe had origionally wished for the tables to be based on the Geocentric system, but Kepler ignored his wish and based the calculations on elliptical orbits in the Heliocentric system.
	www.astro.utoronto.ca /~bclarke/AST199M/KEPLER.htm (2044 words)

	Kepler and Astronomical Tables (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		It was completed in 1624 and after protracted negotiations with Brahe's heirs, the imperial treasury and printers, the Rudolphine Tables were finally published in 1627 at Ulm and dedicated to dedicated to the Emperor Ferdinand II.
		The finding of the longitude of a given planet at a given time was based on Kepler's equation and he exploited logarithms for this tabulation.
		Thus, although Brahe wished the Tables to be based on his own system, it is clear from the way Kepler set up his tabulations that they were based on Kepler's own heliocentric system with elliptical planetary orbits.
	www.hps.cam.ac.uk /starry/keplertables.html (258 words)

	Calendar History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Tables for the exact conversions of such dates are available.
		Tables were prepared, again using the range of dates on which Easter Sunday could appear, and against each date a number from 1 through to 19 was placed.
		For determining Easter, a table was prepared of the golden numbers, 1 through 19, and below them the cycles of epacts for about 7,000 years; after this time, all the epact cycles are repeated.
	users.skynet.be /sky60754/genealbe/hulpwetkalhist.htm (11365 words)

	2004 Transit of Venus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Table 2 and Table 3 list predicted contact times and corresponding altitudes of the Sun for locations throughout Canada and the United States, respectively.
		Table 4 provides transit predictions for a number of major cities around the world.
		All calculations, diagrams, tables and opinions presented in this paper are those of the author and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy.
	sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov /eclipse/OH/transit04.html (1875 words)

	ISAIAH HOROWITZ - LoveToKnow Article on ISAIAH HOROWITZ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		In 1636 he met with a congenial spirit in William Crabtree, a draper of Broughton, near Manchester; an.d encouraged by his advice he exchanged the guidance of Philipp von Lansberg, a pretentious but inaccurate Belgian astronomer, for that of Kepler.
		He now set himself to the revision of the Rudolphine Tables (published by Kepler in 1627), and in the progress of his task became convinced that a transit of Venus overlooked by Kepler would nevertheless occur on the 24th of November (O.S.) 1639.
		He was at this time curate of Hoole, near Preston, having recently taken orders in the Church of England, although, according to the received accounts, he had not attained the canonical age.
	85.1911encyclopedia.org /H/HO/HOROWITZ_ISAIAH.htm (940 words)

	Astronomical Tables (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Rather, the Prussian Tables became popular in German speaking countries for nationalistic and confessional reasons, it seems, and it is through these tables that Copernicus's reputation was established as a skilled mathematician or an astronomer on a par with Ptolemy.
		Despite Tycho Brahe's wish, the tables expressed Kepler's belief in the heliocentric system in that the precise geocentric positions were worked out from calculating the heliocentric positions of the planets and the earth separately, and then combined to give the planetary positions as seen on earth.
		Owen Gingerich, 'The role of Erasmus Reinhold and the Prutenic Tables in the dissemination of Copernican Theory', Studia Copernicana 6 (1973), 43-62; 'The accuracy of ephemerides 1500-1800' Vistas in Astronomy 28 (1985), 339-42; 'The Alphonsine tables in the age of printing', in.
	www.hps.cam.ac.uk /starry/tables.html (1130 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Many of his letters are almost the equivalent of a scientific paper (there were as yet no scientific journals), and correspondents seem to have kept them because they were interesting.
		Kepler's main task as Imperial Mathematician was to write astronomical tables, based on Tycho 's observations, but what he really wanted to do was write The Harmony of the World, planned since 1599 as a development of his Mystery of the Cosmos.
		By the time the Rudolphine Tables were published Kepler was, in fact, no longer working for the Emperor (he had left Linz in 1626), but for Albrecht von Wallenstein (1583 - 1632), one of the few successful military leaders in the Thirty Years' War (1618 - 1648).
	myweb.tiscali.co.uk /newburyas/history/kepler.html (3134 words)

	Chasing Venus: Observing the Transits of Venus 1631-2004
		The Rudolphine tables (named for the Holy Roman Emperor Rudolf II) were the crowning achievement of Keplerâs career.
		These astronomical tables allowed astronomers to compute the positions of the planets, and Kepler used them to predict the 1631 transit of Venus.
		Kepler is pictured in the panel at the bottom left of this illustration, which depicts an allegorical temple of the heavens built on the foundations of the great astronomersâ works.
	www.sil.si.edu /exhibitions/chasing-venus/cf/venus_by_section.cfm?voyage_area=1631-1679 (483 words)

	Mathematics Magazine: Transits of Venus and the Astronomical Unit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Kepler's transit predictions were based on his Rudolphine Tables of 1627, which were produced as a result of his work with the great Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe.
		It was in trying to reconcile differences between Lansberg's tables and the Rudolphine Tables that a brilliant young Englishman, Mr.
		Horrox was richly rewarded for his labors in correcting the Rudolphine Tables, for on December 4, 1639, he became one of the first two people ever to observe a transit of Venus.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3789/is_200312/ai_n9303510 (1515 words)

	Kepler, Napier, and the Third Law
		A logarithmic table is a small table by the use of which we can obtain a knowledge of all geometrical dimensions and motions in space...
		In the 1540's Stifel's "Arithmetica integra" included tables of the successive powers of numbers, which was very suggestive for Napier and others searching for ways to reduce the labor involved in precise manual computations.
		However, Napier might never have set aside his anti-Catholic polemics to work on producing his table of logarithms had it not been for an off-hand comment made by Dr. John Craig, who was the physician to James VI of Scotland (later James I of England and Ireland).
	mathpages.com /rr/s8-01/8-01.htm (2204 words)

	The Energy Exchange - Mars-Earth Wars
		The Rudolphine Tables, XI, XII and XIII indicate that the Earth's semi-major axis did increase, from 92,339,242 miles to the modern 92,955,807 miles.
		Table XIII lists 24 astronomical categories, involving the four planets and the various measurements of change from the Catastrophic Third Orbit of Mars to the Serene Fourth Orbit.
		Table XI, further analysis, indicates that the last Mars-Earth waltz, at its closest and most passionate, was at an estimated distance of 27,000 miles, planet center to center.
	www.creationism.org /patten/PattenMarsEarthWars/PattenMEW09.htm (15540 words)

	[No title]
		He obtained the Alphonsine and the new Prutenic Tables, but soon found that the latter, though more accurate than the former, failed to represent the true positions of the planets, and grasped the fact that continuous observation was essential in order to determine the true motions.
		The defendant, knowing this, turned the tables on her opponent by bringing an accusation of witchcraft against her, and Catherine Kepler was imprisoned and condemned to the torture in July, 1620.
		From a map prefixed to some copies of the Tables, we may infer that Kepler was one of the first, if not actually the first, to suggest the method of determining differences of longitude by occultations of stars at the moon's limb.
	www.gutenberg.net /1/2/4/0/12406/12406-8.txt (14722 words)

	The Hindu : Opinion / Editorials : THE TRANSIT OF VENUS
		His publication of the Rudolphine Tables made computation of planetary positions, past and future, possible.
		The accuracy of the tables was a telling argument for the correctness of Kepler's laws and of heliocentric astronomy.
		Using the tables, the great man predicted a transit of Mercury in November 1631 and a transit of Venus a month later; he did not live to see either.
	www.hindu.com /2004/06/05/stories/2004060500691000.htm (572 words)

	KEPLER, Johannes, Tabulae Rudolphinae, quibus Astronomicae scientiae, temporum longinquitate collapsae Restauratio ...
		These tables were based on Tycho Brahe's observations, supplemented by Kepler's own, with positions calculated according to his laws of planetary orbits.
		The tables are in the form of a perpetual calendar that allows any position to be determined for any date in the past or future.
		They are in a column in the margins of the table, and give updated figures for the longitudinal positions of the stars up to the year 1640 (due to the precession of the equinoxes the positions advance about one degree every 72 years).
	www.polybiblio.com /watbooks/3010.html (1160 words)

	Rudolphine Tables at AllExperts
		The Rudolphine Tables (Latin: Tabulae Rudolphinae) consist of a star catalog and planetary tables published by Johannes Kepler in 1627.
		They contain positions for 1,005 stars with directions and tables for locating the planets of the solar system.
		The tables, based mainly on observations by Tycho Brahe, the renowned Danish astronomer, are very accurate, and were the first to include corrective factors for atmospheric refraction.
	en.allexperts.com /e/r/ru/rudolphine_tables.htm (217 words)

	Kepler Page 4
		The transit of Mercury was duly observed by Gassendi, and the transit of Venus also took place, though, as we now know, the circumstances were such that it was not possible for the phenomenon to be witnessed by any European astronomer.
		In addition to Kepler's discoveries already mentioned, with which his name will be for ever associated, his claim on the gratitude of astronomers chiefly depends on the publication of his famous Rudolphine tables.
		For more than a century the Rudolphine tables were regarded as a standard astronomical work.
	www.web-books.com /Classics/Nonfiction/Science/Astronomers/AstronomersC6P4.htm (1339 words)

	The Galileo Project \| Science \| Copernican System
		First, the tables (by means of which to predict astronomical events such as eclipses and conjunctions) were deemed not to be sufficiently accurate.
		These tables came to be preferred for their accuracy.
		In the meantime, Johannes Kepler (who had died in 1630) had introduced physical considerations into the heavens and had published his Rudolphine Tables, based on his own elliptical theory and Tycho Brahe's accurate observations, and these tables were more accurate by far than any previous ones.
	galileo.rice.edu /sci/theories/copernican_system.html (2158 words)

	Images of Tycho Brahe: Image 25 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The frontispiece from Johannes Kepler's Tabulæ Rudolphinæ (Ulm, 1627).
		Kepler produced the Ruldolphine Tables from Tycho's observations in fulfilment of a promise made to Tycho on his deathbed.
		The temple of Urania on the frontispiece includes Tycho himself and a map of the island of Hven.
	www.mhs.ox.ac.uk /tycho/image25a.htm (46 words)

	Numerical calculation
		kinematic model to generate the geometric and arithmetic sequences used in the construction of his tables.
		Because the base was no longer close to 1, the table could not be obtained as simply as Napier's, and Briggs therefore devised techniques involving the calculus of finite differences to facilitate calculation of the entries.
		Both Bürgi and Kepler were astronomical observers, and Kepler included logarithmic tables in his famous Rudolphine Tables, astronomical tabulations of planetary motion derived using the assumption of elliptical orbits about the Sun.
	www.thocp.net /reference/sciences/mathematics/numerical_calculation.htm (1069 words)

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