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Topic: Ruhnama

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Saparmurat Niyazov

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November 25

	Ruhnama - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ruhnama (or The Book of the Soul from Persian: روح ruh (soul) and نامه nāme (book), sometimes spelled Rukhnama) is the combination autobiography, historical fiction, and spiritual guidebook written by Turkmenistan's former President for Life, Saparmyrat Niyazov.
		Niyazov issued the first part of the work in 2001, saying, "Ruhnama was issued to eliminate all shortcomings, to raise the spirit of the Turkmen." The second part, which covers morals, philosophy, and life conduct, was issued in 2004.
		Ruhnama is compulsorily imposed on religious communities and society generally.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ruhnama (426 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Asia-Pacific \| Turkmen live by leader's book
		The book, Ruhnama, is a 400-page blend of history, myth and philosophy meant to bolster a spirit of national consciousness among ethnic Turkmen, who make up nearly 80% of the country's five million population.
		President Nyazov himself says Ruhnama is a sort of spiritual guidebook for the Turkmen people, but that it is not meant to be a religious book - a sensitive point in a country where Islam is the dominant religion.
		Yet on state-controlled television, Ruhnama is treated with a reverence normally reserved for religious scripture.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/asia-pacific/2014334.stm (558 words)

	Ruhnama - Vikipedija
		Ruhnama yra suskirstyta į penkis skyrius: Turkmėnai, Turkmėnų kelias, Turkmėnų tauta, Turkmėnų valstybė ir Turkmėnų dvasinis pasaulis.
		Ruhnama privalomai turi būti visuose Turkmėnijos knygynuose ir valstybinėse įstaigose.
		Ruhnama yra išversta į daug kalbų, tam tarpe ir lietuvių.
	lt.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ruhnama (324 words)

	Religioscope > Archives > Turkmenistan: secret police close down mosque refusing to go against Islam
		Turkmen officials liken the Ruhnama to the Koran or the Bible, and it plays a large role in the President's personality cult, being compulsorily imposed on schools and the wider public.
		The Ruhnama, which officials have likened to the Koran or the Bible, plays a significant role in President Niyazov's massive cult of personality and is compulsorily imposed on schools and the wider public.
		All imams in large mosques are required to put the Ruhnama alongside the Koran during prayers and sources have told Forum 18 that most imams reluctantly comply for fear of being punished or jailed.
	religioscope.info /article_241.shtml (974 words)

	The Ruhnama of Saparmyrat Turkmenbashy the Great (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		All prospective students are tested on the Ruhnama as a requirement for enrollment to institutions of higher education, where, for the truly dedicated, there is even a faculty at the country’s top university devoted to the contents of the book and its sequel.
		The Ruhnama, which officials have likened to the Koran, plays a significant role in President Niyazov's massive cult of personality and is compulsorily imposed on schools and the wider public.
		All imams in large mosques are required to put the Ruhnama alongside the Koran during prayers and sources have told that most imams reluctantly comply for fear of being punished or jailed.
	www.angelfire.com /wi2/ULCds/BlogRuhnama_20060310.html (5926 words)

	IWPR: COMPULSIVE READING IN TURKMENISTAN \| The Tharwa project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Anyone working in the dominant public sector is tested on Ruhnama knowledge as a condition of employment.
		None of my pathetic attempts to explain that this isn't the case, that presidents are chosen by the people, has worked." Some parents try to get their children educated outside Turkmenistan, even though foreign degrees are no longer accepted as valid inside the country.
		Controversially, the Ruhnama is now placed next to the Koran in Turkmenistan's mosques, and Russian Orthodox churches also have to have copies available.
	www.tharwaproject.com /node/2187 (1120 words)

	[No title]
		One government minister claimed that the Ruhnama would make up for shortcomings in both the Bible and the Koran, neither of which were, he claimed, fully adequate for the spiritual needs of Turkmens.
		In 2000, one government claimed that the Ruhnama would make up for shortcomings in both the Bible and the Koran, neither of which were, he claimed, fully adequate for the spiritual needs of Turkmens.
		A copy of the Ruhnama is placed prominently at the entrance to every mosque and believers have to touch it as if it were a sacred object (see F18News 4 March 2004 http://www.forum18.org/Archive.php?article_id=268).
	www.eurasianet.org /turkmenistan.project/files2/050301f18news.txt (1957 words)

	Ruhnama
		Ruhnama should be a source of power and striving to reach the targets of Turkmen’s Golden Age.
		Ruhnamat should be a source of power that will keep hearts alert, of intellect, and suitable spirit, and the poetic soul of those real Turkmens who are concerned with their own spiritual world and also their spiritual and physical development.
		Ruhnama should place in the hands of Turkmens their unique and hole history, and spiritual striving.
	www.ruhnama.com /6.htm (657 words)

	Free Turkmenistan
		It is Ruhnama, a spiritual guide for the Turkmen people living in the "Golden Age" of President Saparmurat Niyazov, better known, like the avenue, as Saparmurat Turkmenbashi the Great.
		One Turkmen government minister said in 2000, while the book was still in preparation, that Ruhnama would make up for shortcomings in both the Bible and the Koran, neither of which were fully adequate for the spiritual needs of Turkmens.
		But while some of his pronouncements have caused amusement, Ruhnama is a huge source of concern in Ashgabat and throughout Turkmenistan: it is becoming the centrepiece of the country's education system, the core of all learning.
	www.erkin.net /chronicle/ruhnamaen.html (1010 words)

	His own little USSR
		The Ruhnama is the centrepiece of his efforts to build a coherent but curious state, based on patriotism, respect, Islam and highly centralised authority.
		In the past few months, the propagation of the Ruhnama has become one of the most worrying symbols for outside observers and local residents alike of the insularity and peculiarity of Turkmenistan, one of central Asia's most colourful countries.
		He is trying to help find a place in a school in Moscow for his cousin, who will find it difficult to go directly into higher education abroad now that Turkmenistan has cut the length of schooling to nine years, compared with 10 or 11 in Russia.
	www.geocities.com /agzybirlik2000/littleUSSR.htm (1692 words)

	EurasiaNet Eurasia Insight - Niyazov Moves to Expand Personality Cult
		Ruhnama is described in Turkmenistan’s press as the collection of all of the customs and traditions of the Turkmen people.
		Despite the considerable publicity surrounding the publication of Ruhnama, the book is difficult to find, having not received wide distribution so far.
		Niyazov is quoted in the newspaper Turkmen Dili as saying "Ruhnama must be in a Turkmen’s heart, it must be his happiness, each person when he reads it must see and find his own path," the newspaper Turkmen Dili reported.
	www.eurasianet.org /departments/insight/articles/eav043001.shtml (741 words)

	Forum 18 Search/Archive
		Registered religious minorities need to defer to the state and are often pressured into hanging the country's flag and state emblem and portraits of Turkmenistan's President Saparmurat Niyazov at their places of worship (if they have places of worship), and other restrictions are also imposed (see F18News 28 February 2005 http://www.forum18.org/Archive.php?article_id=521).
		In 2000, one government minister claimed that the Ruhnama would make up for shortcomings in both the Bible and the Koran, neither of which were, he claimed, fully adequate for the spiritual needs of Turkmens.
		On 11 February Muslim leaders from across the country attended a meeting in Ashgabad at the government's Gengeshi (Council) for Religious Affairs jointly hosted by the office of the Mufti (in effect part of the Gengeshi with no separate existence), under the slogan "Our esteemed leader [President] Saparmurat Haji is a true protector of clergymen".
	www.forum18.org /Archive.php?article_id=522 (2021 words)

	Mukaddes Ruhnama \| Türkmenistan Bilim Bäsleşikleri (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		„Ruhnama kitabynyň häzirki zaman türkmen medeniýetini ösdürmek üçin uly ähmiýete eýedigine söz ýok. Bu kitap türkmen halkynyň ahlak-ruhy ýörelgesi bolup durýar.
		Yone menin pikirimce Ruhnama arkali halka berilyan sapak barada pikir edissek govy bolar, we icindaki ka bir setirler bilen name diyilmek islendi solar barada pikir edissek govy bolar.
		Ruhnama kitabyny internetden arkayin okap bilersiniz(http://www.turkmenistan.gov.tm/ruhnama/ruhnama-index.html), yone kitabyn hakyky ozuni okamak isleyanler bar bolsa, amerikadaky oglanlar ucin, mende 10-15 sany bar esasy 2.si kop bolmali, shipmentini toleseniz, birem $3-5 kitap ucin toleseniz ibereyin(dine turkmenler ucin).
	www.tmolympiad.org /index.php?q=node/36 (445 words)

	Хроника Туркменистана :: Educational program
		Turkmenistan’s Ministry of Education encourages the practice of studying all school subject through the prism of Niyazov’s works, primarily Ruhnama, which is referred to as the wholly book in the country.
		Among the new publications of this year is a colorful textbook of English language for 4th grade, which included texts from “Ruhnama” dedicated to significant events of Turkmenistan’s history.
		On August 3, 2006, during a governmental meeting “…The President noted that within the next several years a Ruhnama University will be built in Ashgabat, six departments of which will commence a cognitive and educational process of researching deep sources of the nation’s great spirit…”.
	www.chrono-tm.org /?0258042703000000000000011000000 (1171 words)

	Pipe Dreams \| chapati mystery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		In √¨Ruhnama√Æ the T¬∏rkmen people√≠s historical consciousness, matured over thousands of years, and their moral power and strength are drawn together.
		If the spirit of T¬∏rkmen is the universe then √¨Ruhnama√Æ cannot replace or fully represent it.
		Nevertheless, √¨Ruhnama√Æ must be the centre of this universe.
	www.chapatimystery.com /archives/homistan/pipe_dreams.html (691 words)

	Events to celebrate fifth anniversary of Ruhnama first volume open with presentation of Hindi translation of its second ...
		The presentation participants especially stressed that owing to Ruhnama readers of many countries got the opportunity to acquaint themselves with the history of the Turkmen nation, understand the goals and aspirations of this ancient nation on the way to national revival.
		The National Museum of Turkmenistan opened the exhibition "Ruhnama and Cultural Heritage" on the eve of the presentation.
		The forum to be attended by historians, literary critics, linguists and translators of Ruhnama from over 20 states will become one of the remarkable events in the cultural and scientific life of the country.
	www.turkmenistan.ru /?page_id=3&lang_id=en&elem_id=8577&type=event&sort=date_desc (459 words)

	Turkmen drivers face unusual test (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		"The exam in the Ruhnama is needed to educate future drivers in the high moral principles of Turkmen society," an official told the AFP news agency.
		Mr Niyazov, Turkmenistan's "president for life" whom correspondents say is at the focus of a flourishing personality cult, wrote the Ruhnama as a moral guide to his six million people.
		A copy of the Ruhnama is placed in mosques alongside the Koran, so worshippers can touch it on their way inside.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/1183652/posts (504 words)

	TURKMENISTAN - The Ruhnama. \| Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting > Support Activities for Agriculture and ...
		With officials comparing Ruhnama to the Koran, the book jumps from subject to subject like a rabbit, urging its readers to appreciate Turkmen traditions and be model citizens.
		Through Ruhnama and his de-Sovietisation process, Niyazov is destroying Turkmenistan's educational system.
		Primary education is further undermined by using students to harvest and plant cotton, after gas and oil the country's top export.
	www.allbusiness.com /mining/oil-gas-extraction-crude-petroleum-natural/307021-1.html (760 words)

	Prima-News
		She proved to be the best and quickest as far as the citation of “Ruhnama” goes.
		The finalists were given just half a minute to answer ten questions designed to test their knowledge of “Ruhnama”.
		The winner said she owed her success to the help and support of her teacher, the one who teaches “Ruhnama”, the key subject in school curriculums in Turkmenistan.
	www.prima-news.ru /eng/news/articles/2003/7/8/25310.html (249 words)

	Saparmurat Niyazov, Schema-Root news (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Anonymous anti-government leaflets circulating in Ashgabad in early July contained calls for Muslims not to go to mosques where the Ruhnama is cited together with the Koran (see F18News 9 August 2004).
		One mosque was closed down by the State Security Ministry secret police for not putting the Ruhnama on the same reading stand as the Koran (see F18News 19 November 2003).
		One local Muslim suggested that four of the Ashgabad mosques demolished in the autumn 2004 campaign of mosque destruction were targeted because their imams refused to read the Ruhnama in their mosques (see F18News 4 January 2005).
	schema-root.org /region/asia/central_asia/turkmenistan/government/officials/saparmurat_niyazov (3511 words)

	The Blogmenbashi
		The Ruhnama, launched by President Niyazov in 2001, is a semi-philosophical code aimed at promoting a spirit of national consciousness among Turkmens.
		The mufti appointed by the Turkmenbashi as the spiritual leader of Turkmen Muslims, has compared the "Ruhnama" with the holy book of Islam in his sermons.
		Reading the "Ruhnama" has essentially become the one subject taught in Turkmen schools and even universities.
	blogmenbashi.blogspot.com /2004_02_01_blogmenbashi_archive.html (2226 words)

	United States Commission on International Religious Freedom: Countries & Issues: Countries of Particular Concern: ...
		Niyazov has strengthened his personality cult with the publication of his three-volume work, Ruhnama, containing his "spiritual thoughts," which is required reading for all schoolchildren.
		Copies of Ruhnama are now reportedly required in mosques, placed in equal prominence to copies of the Koran.
		Members of unregistered religious communities-including Baha'is, Baptists, Hare Krishnas, Jehovah's Witnesses, Muslims operating independently of the Sunni Muslim Board, Pentecostals, and Seventh-day Adventists-have reportedly been arrested, detained (with allegations of torture and other ill-treatment), imprisoned, deported, harassed, fined, and have had their services disrupted, congregations dispersed, religious literature confiscated, and places of worship destroyed.
	www.uscirf.gov /countries/countriesconcerns/Countries/Turkmenistan.html (775 words)

	Vetting, Turkmen-Style (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Further criteria for employment include the applicant’s knowledge of the Ruhnama and fluency in the Turkmen language, as opposed to Russian which is the lingua franca used by minority groups.
		Every three months, state-owned institutions, factories, hospitals, universities and schools test existing staff on the Ruhnama, and if they fall down on their knowledge their future is in doubt, regardless of how good they are at their job.
		From December 1, the examination becomes official, with the education ministry charged with testing public-sector staff, in conjunction with the professional “Ruhnamist” who is now a fixture at every state institution.
	www.iwpr.net /?p=rca&s=f&o=258307&apc_state=henprca (1591 words)

	Na ziemi Turkmenbaszy :: Marcin Zarzycki :: podróżnik.net :: serwis ludzi ciekawych świata
		Niech Ruhnama pomoże pokonać trudności, niech w nieszczęściu i radości będzie z każdym Turkmenem dzisiaj i zawsze, niech stanie się dla niego swego rodzaju ochroną!
		Za napisanie Złotej księgi złotego wieku Ruhnama pierwszemu i dożywotniemu Prezydentowi Turkmenistanu Saparmuradowi Turkmenbaszy należy wyrazić wdzięczność w imieniu całego narodu turkmeńskiego.
		Ruhnama jest podstawowym podręcznikiem w szkołach, na turkmeńskich uniwersytetach wykładany jest przedmiot nazwany "Saparmurada Turkmenbaszy nauki o społeczeństwie", turkmeńscy urzędnicy mają obowiązek przynajmniej raz w tygodniu dyskutować przez godzinę o mądrościach Wodza.
	podroznik.net /podroze/turkmenia/turkmenia_04.html (418 words)

	washingtonpost.com: A Turkmen Tome Gets Foreign Aid
		The various releases this month of the two-volume "Book of Spirit" -- "Ruhnama" in Turkmen -- are part of an international drive to boost the book's circulation as well as what the government-controlled Turkmen media call a "victorious march around the world" by the author-president, 65, also known in his country as Turkmenbashi the Great.
		Almost everyone in Turkmenistan is compelled to study the book and pass exams about it, and the country's libraries have largely been emptied to leave little but the Ruhnama and Niyazov's collections of poetry.
		"If the Ruhnama were a benign text, like the memoirs of a U.S. president, this would be harmless, but the Ruhnama is the principal instrument for indoctrination and brainwashing in Turkmenistan," said Erika Dailey, a specialist on the country at the Open Society Institute in Budapest.
	www.washingtonpost.com /ac2/wp-dyn/A45332-2005Feb22?language=printer (1299 words)

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		All he learns is passages from the 'Ruhnama' [Niyavoz's book that has become the principal text in Turkmen schools] and has started telling me off because he has memorised more of the book than me," he told IRIN in the capital, Ashgabat.
		The government's response to lack of school books has been to make teaching from the "Ruhnama", which Niyazov wants elevated to the level of the Koran in this nominally Muslim country, compulsory in primary and secondary schools, particularly in rural areas where most Turkmen's live.
		Although the "Ruhnama" states: "Each citizen has the right to education and everyone shall have the right to obtain this for free", the reality is very different, analysts say.
	www.irinnews.org /report.asp?ReportID=35296 (1156 words)

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