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Topic: Rulers of Austria

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Duke of Austria

Archduke of Austria

Habsburg

Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor

Leopold VI of Austria

Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor

Rulers of Bavaria

Babenberg

Treaty of Neuberg

Leopold V of Austria (Babenberg)

Aribo of Austria

Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor

Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor

History of Austria

Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor

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	RULERS OF AUSTRIA (ÖSTERREICH)
		RULERS OF Established by Charlemagne in the 790s, the Ostmark (Eastern March) was destroyed by the Magyars in 907.
		RULERS OF Babenberg Margraves of Ostmark, Dukes of Austria from 1156
		Habsburg Dukes of Austria, Archdukes of Austria from 1453
	www-personal.umich.edu /~imladjov/AustrianRulers.htm (1001 words)

	Austria-Hungary - LoveToKnow 1911
		Austria and Spain were thus divided, and, in spite of the efforts of the archduke Charles in the Spanish Succession War, were never again united, for at the battle of Mohacs, on the 28th of August 1526, Suleiman the Mohacs Magnificent defeated and killed Louis, king of Bohemia and its g g results.
		Austria proper was policy left to his eldest son Maximilian, Tirol to the archduke The of Ferdi- Ferdinand; and Styria with Carinthia and Carniola nand and to the archduke Charles.
		Austria had to undergo further losses and humiliations, notably by the treaty of Vienna (1809), before the outcome of Napoleon's Russian campaign in 1812 gave her the opportunity for recuperation and revenge.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Austria-Hungary (16502 words)

	Austria - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Austria is located at the crossroads of Europe; Vienna is at the gate of the Danubian plain, and the Brenner Pass in W Austria links Germany and Italy.
		Austria captured world attention in 1986 when former UN secretary-general Kurt Waldheim was elected president despite allegations that he had been involved in atrocities as a German army staff officer in the Balkans during World War II.
		Austria was quickly ostracized by other EU nations because of the Freedom party's participation in the government, and Haider—who had not joined the government—subsequently resigned as party leader.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-austria.html (3535 words)

	Austria - MSN Encarta
		Under the terms of this treaty, which promulgated Austria’s sovereignty and neutrality, no limitation was placed on the army size, but its equipment was restricted to conventional weapons.
		At the end of the century Frankish leader Charlemagne devastated the territory of the Avars and established a series of outposts (military districts) of his empire in the country between the Enns and Raab rivers to serve as buffer territories against further encroachment from the east.
		Between 976 and 1246 the Babenberg rulers of Austria—first as margraves and later as dukes—contributed much to the growth of the march.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761575697_9/Austria.html (1905 words)

	List of rulers of Austria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Austria became one of the marches (in later times sometimes called the Ostmark) of the Holy Roman Empire after the Battle of Lechfeld in 955, and was given a margrave around 960.
		In 976 Austria became independent from the duchy of Bavaria as the Margravate of Austria.
		Francis I (1792-1835) (Emperor of Austria from 1804)
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Austria (642 words)

	Austria: History, Geography, Government, and Culture — Infoplease.com
		Austria, shorn of Hungary, was proclaimed a republic in 1918, and the monarchy was dissolved in 1919.
		Anne of Austria - Anne of Austria, 1601–66, queen of France, daughter of King Philip III of Spain.
		Margaret of Austria - Margaret of Austria, 1480–1530, Hapsburg princess, regent of the Netherlands; daughter of...
	www.infoplease.com /ipa/A0107301.html (1149 words)

	Austria Regional Country Austria
		Austria (German Österreich), republic in central Europe, bounded on the north by the Czech Republic; on the northeast by Slovakia; on the east by Hungary; on the south by Slovenia, Italy, and Switzerland; and on the west by Liechtenstein, Switzerland, and Germany.
		Austria is predominantly a mountainous country, with an average elevation of about 910 m (about 3000 ft).
		Austria is a democratic, federal republic governed according to the constitution of 1920, as amended in 1929 and subsequently modified.
	www.latifm.com /look/Regional_Austria.htm (9362 words)

	Austria. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		After the death (1246) of the last Babenberg, King Ottocar II of Bohemia acquired (1251–69) Austria, Styria, Carinthia, and Carniola.
		The treaties of Campo Formio (1797) and Lunéville (1801) preluded the dissolution (1806) of the Holy Roman Empire, and in 1804, Francis II took the title Francis I, emperor of Austria.” His rout at Austerlitz (1805) led to the severe Treaty of Pressburg (see Pressburg, Treaty of).
		The Congress of Vienna (1814–15; see Vienna, Congress of) did not restore to Austria its former possessions in the Netherlands and in Baden but awarded it Lombardy, Venetia, Istria, and Dalmatia.
	www.bartleby.com /65/au/Austria.html (3380 words)

	Austria Trains
		Austria is a parliamentary representative democracy consisting of nine federal states and is one of two European countries that have declared their everlasting neutrality.
		Further Austria (in German: Vorderösterreich or ''die Vorlande'') was the collective name for the old possessions of the Habsburgs in south-western Germany (Swabia), the Alsace, and in Vorarlberg after the focus of the Habsburgs had moved to Austria.
		Further Austria was comprised of the Sundgau (southern Alsace) and the Breisgau east of the Rhine (including Freiburg im Breisgau after 1386) and included some scattered territories throughout Swabia, the larget being the margravate Burgau in the area of Augsburg and Ulm.
	www.artistbooking.com /trips/13/austria-trains.html (1258 words)

	Iranica.com - AUSTRIA
		Austria, although an independent country, was at the same time member of the German Confederation and Customs Union, and so they demanded the possible inclusion of German states into the treaty.
		Austria, being in no position to compete with England in Persia for the sea route via the Gulf, directed her goods to northern Persia via Batumi, and from there, in customs-free transit, through Transcaucasia to Baku and Julfa.
		Austria did not take part in the sanctions against Iran, arguing that a permanently neutral country should not interfere in the conflicts of third states.
	www.iranica.com /newsite/articles/sup/Austria.html (8236 words)

	The Nitpickers Site: Movie Nitpick - Sound of Music, The - 1965Nitpickers.com - Movie Mistakes - Post and review ...
		Austria had been part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire until its breakup after World War I. The notion that the unification of the two countries was restoring any previous situation was merely Nazi propaganda.
		By defeating Austria and the southern German Catholic states in 1866 and then using those Catholic states as allies against France in the Franco-Prussian war of 1870-1871, Bismarck was able to unify all of Germany except Austria.
		But once Austria was shorn of its polygot empire after 1918 and became a purely ethnic German country there was plenty of reason to seek anschluss, and the allies feared it enough to prohibit it in the Treaty of Versailles.
	www.nitpickers.com /movies/nitpick.cgi?np=7154 (1233 words)

	Austrian History and Maps
		1358-65 Reign of Rudolf IV; Tyrol annexed to Austria in 1363.
		1848-1916 Reign of Francis Joseph I, Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary.
		Austria as the first victim of Hitler's aggression instead of a willing partner.
	www.austriancoins.com /hist.html (844 words)

	Austrian History \| History of Austria :: Soccerphile
		One piece of evidence for this assertion was the discovery in 1908 of one of the oldest piece of art known to man – the 5cm tall statue 'Venus of Willendorf'.
		She insisted that Jews be kept behind a screen when in her presence, but is seen as one of Austria's greatest rulers.
		1995AD Austria joins the EU Austria attracts diplomatic sanctions from EU member states for allowing far right xenophobe politician Joerg Haider into government by means of a free, fair and democratic election.
	www.soccerphile.com /soccerphile/euro2008/culture/austrian-history.html (1219 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Austro-Hungarian Monarchy
		The gradual advance of Christianity in Austria towards the east is shown in the shifting of the abode of the early rulers of the Babenberg (Bamberg) line from Melk, on the Kahlenberg, to Vienna.
		The rulers of this line are deserving of great praise for their aid in developing church life in these territories.
		God sent the rulers of Austria to do His work, and that they did it is an honour exceeding that of the quickly fading garlands which victory twines about the victor's chariot.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/02121b.htm (16949 words)

	History of Austria
		Between 976 and 1246, the Duchy of Austria was one of extensive feudal possessions of the Babenberg family - possibly descended from, or succeeded, a powerful Franconian family of the 9th century, from whose castle the city of Bamberg probably took its name.
		From the late 13th century, the rise of Austria is closely associated with the rise of the House of Habsburg.
		Born on May 1, 1218 at the ancient castle of Limburgh in Brisgau in the Alsace region, Rudolf was the son of Albert IV and Countess Heilwige of Kiburg.
	www.geocities.com /historyofaustria/history.html (20221 words)

	SparkNotes: the French Revolution (1789–1799): Escalating Violence: 1791–1792
		In response to Louis XVI’s capture and forced return to Paris, Prussia and Austria issued the Declaration of Pillnitz on August 27, 1791, warning the French against harming the king and demanding that the monarchy be restored.
		Prussia and Austria’s initial concern was simply for Louis XVI’s well-being, but soon the countries began to worry that the French people’s revolutionary sentiment would infect their own citizens.
		Austria and Prussia had anticipated this kind of reaction and already had their troops massed along the French border.
	www.sparknotes.com /history/european/frenchrev/section4.rhtml (1477 words)

	1976 Austrian Gold 1000 Schillings Babenberger
		This attractive commemorative coin celebrates the millennium of the advent of the Babenberg dynasty, the rulers of Austria from 976 till 1246.
		Austria) in A.D. ('Margrave' is the German equivalent of the noble rank 'marquess'.
		Among Leopold's successors were Leopold III (1073-1136), who became patron saint of Austria after his canonisation in 1485, and Henry II, the first Duke of Austria from 1156-1177.
	www.taxfreegold.co.uk /1976austrian1000schillingsbamberg.html (437 words)

	Austria Vol. 4 - Wachau & Stift (Abby) Melk
		Melk Abbey itself, perched on its mountain is one of the most imposing architectural masterpieces north of the Alps and a focal point in the formative years of Austria's history.
		Austria, who had held the eastern marches of the Carolingian Empire of Charlemagne in fiefdom for over a century.
		The surrounding territory, the Marca Orientalis of the Holy Roman Empire was known at the time as "Ostarrichi" (modern German: "Österreich"), it formed the nucleus of what we know today as Austria although it
	www.ddavid.com /alongdesire/austria4.htm (353 words)

	Welcome to ZellTree
		Those surnames are found in common with Zellhofer in locations within Austria, Bavaria, and finally, all three are found later, all together in sparsely populated Door County, Wisconsin, U.S.A. While not yet proven, it appears that all have common origins, and we seem to be getting closer to finding those connections.
		The earliest known with the surname Zellhofer or Zellhöfer lived on farms near in Gresten, Scheibbs, Niederoesterreich, Austria in the 1500's, They were farmers, perhaps some also worked at mining in the Gresten area, and one was minister at their Evangelist church in Gresten.
		In the early 1600's apparently the rulers of Austria were in cahoots with the Pope of Rome, and return to Catholicism became the order of the day.
	www.zelltree.com (871 words)

	A short history of Switzerland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In the feudal German Empire the Habsburgs become in 1278 rulers of Austria, one of the German counties.
		Austria includes at that moment Uri, Schwyz and Unterwalden.
		Between 1315 and 1388 the Swiss Confederates inflicts three crushing defeats on the Habsburgs, whose aspiration to regional dominion clash with Swiss self-determination.
	www.electionworld.org /history/switzerland.htm (466 words)

	[No title]
		The significance of this charter was, that the rulers of Austria were given special privileges by Emperor Frederic I Barbarossa at a time, when the Eastern (Austrian) March advanced to dukedom, in 1156.
		The fidgety Moravian ruler, Prince Svatopluk, was enormously influential in the Carantanian Eastern region (Austria).
		The new princedom of Carantania (the predecessor of the modern Austria and Slovenia) was prevalently a pagan State.
	www.carantha.net /carantania_m.htm (9666 words)

	Mighty Monarchs VI (Austria) - Austrian Quiz
		Mighty Monarchs VI covers the rulers of Austria from the creation of the Margraviate (976 AD) to the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire (1918 AD).
		The leadership of the German contingents had fallen on him after the deaths of Frederick I, Barbarossa, Holy Roman Emperor, and his son, Frederick, Duke of Swabia, in 1190 AD and 1191 AD respectively.
		He would return to Austria seething for revenge soon after the capture of the city.
	www.funtrivia.com /quizdetails.cfm?quiz=83461 (190 words)

	SparkNotes: Ivanhoe: Chapters 1-4
		Toward the end of the reign of King Richard I, England is in the grip of turmoil.
		The king is far from the country, having been imprisoned by the rulers of Austria and Germany on his way home from the Crusades.
		In his absence, the throne is held by Prince John, but the real authority lies in the hands of the nobles, who have used Richard's absence as an excuse to fortify their own power at the expense of the monarchy's.
	www.sparknotes.com /lit/ivanhoe/section1.html (875 words)

	Medieval Era - History - Austria - Europe
		During the 8th century, after fratricidal strife among the Germans, the Franks secured the throne of Bavaria.
		One of these outposts was the Ostmark (Eastern March), which later became known as Ost Reich (Eastern Country) or Osterreich (Austria).
		By 1283 most of the former domain of Ottokar had come under the rule of Rudolf’s son Albert I. http://encarta.msn.com © 1997-2003 Microsoft Corporation.
	www.countriesquest.com /europe/austria/history/medieval_era.htm (391 words)

	Central Europe and Low Countries, 1800–1900 A.D. \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan Museum of Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Encompasses present-day Poland, Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Liechtenstein, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Moldova, Switzerland, Belgium and Luxembourg (provinces of Flanders, Antwerp, Limburg, Brabant, Hainaut, Liège, Luxembourg, Namur), and the Netherlands (provinces of Zeeland, South Holland, North Holland, Friesland, Groningen, North Brabant, Limburg, Utrecht, Gelderland, Overijssel, Drenthe, Flevoland)
		At the turn of the nineteenth century, Central Europe is the seat of the cultural movement known as
		At the Congress of Vienna (1814–15), the rulers of Austria, Russia, Prussia, and Great Britain meet to redraw the political boundaries of Europe; they form the German Confederation (1815–66), a league of thirty-nine states, to replace the defunct Holy Roman Empire.
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/ht/10/euwc/ht10euwc.htm (2191 words)

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