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Topic: Rulers of Bavaria

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	Bavaria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Free State of Bavaria (German: Bayern or Freistaat Bayern), with an area of 70,553 km² (27,241 square miles) and 12.4 million inhabitants, forms the southernmost of the 16 states of Germany.
		Bavaria has long been a bastion of conservative politics in Germany, with the Christian Social Union having almost a stranglehold on power since its inception in 1946.
		When Henry the Lion was deposed as duke of Saxony and Bavaria by his cousin, Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor, in 1180, Bavaria was awarded as fief to the Wittelsbach family, which ruled from 1180 to 1918.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bavaria (1297 words)

	Bavaria. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The largest state of Germany, Bavaria is bordered by the Czech Republic on the east, by Austria on the southeast and south, by Baden-Württemberg on the west, by Hesse on the northwest, and by Thuringia and Saxony on the north.
		Bavaria is divided into seven administrative districts: Upper and Lower Bavaria; Upper, Middle, and Lower Franconia; Swabia; and the Upper Palatinate.
		Bavaria was overrun by foreign armies, notably in the War of the Spanish Succession, the War of the Austrian Succession, the War of the Bavarian Succession (1778, by which Bavaria lost the Inn Quarter to Austria), and the French Revolutionary Wars.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ba/Bavaria.html (1297 words)

	Saint Boniface (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The support of the Mayors of the Palace and later, the early Pippinid and Carolingian rulers, was important to Boniface's success.
		Boniface balanced this support and attempted to maintain some independence, however, by attaining the support of the papacy and of the Agilolfing rulers of Bavaria.
		After returning from his mission in Bavaria, Boniface resumed his labours in Germany, where he founded the dioceses of Würzburg;, Erfurt and Buraburg.
	www.bidprobe.com /en/wikipedia/s/sa/saint_boniface.html (617 words)

	King of Bavaria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		King of Bavaria was a title held by the hereditary rulers of Bavaria from 1805 till 1918, when the kingdom was abolished.
		One of the staunchest of these had been the prince-elector of Bavaria, Maximilian IV Joseph, and on January 1, 1806, he formally assumed the title King Maximilian I of Bavaria.
		Maximilian's successors resisted German nationalism, and Bavaria became the protector of smaller states whose leaders felt threatened by Prussia or Austria in the German Confederation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/King_of_Bavaria (244 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: The Kingdom of Bavaria
		Its tributaries in Bavaria from the south are the Iller, a stream rich in fish, the Lech, the Isar, and the Inn; from the north its tributaries are the Wörnitz, the Altmühl, the Regen, and the Vils.
		Farming in lower Bavaria and cattle-breeding in Swabia, Upper Bavaria, and Middle Franconia are the chief occupations, while the wines of Franconia and the Palatinate and the fruit and vegetables of Bamberg have a high reputation.
		To these two rulers it was due that the progress of the Reformation was checked, and that some of the territory which had been affected by it was restored to the Church.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/02353c.htm (4098 words)

	Bavaria biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In Upper and Lower Bavaria (Middle) Bavarian is the predominant dialect.
		Ludwig II of Bavaria (1845 - 1886) reigned as King of Bavaria from 1864 to 1886.
		Bavaria is also the name of the statue standing at the Theresienwiese in Munich.
	bavaria.biography.ms (452 words)

	Bavaria Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Bavaria has long been a bastion of conservative politics in Germany, with the Christian Social UnionCSU having almost a stranglehold on power since its inception in 1946.
		Bavaria resisted the Protestant Reformation, and remains strongly Roman Catholic ChurchRoman Catholic.
		It became a King of Bavariakingdom in 1806, and in 1815 the Rhenish Palatinate was annexed to it.
	www.echostatic.com /Bavaria.html (728 words)

	List of rulers of Bavaria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Following the death of the last Duke of Lower Bavaria, Bavaria was reunited under Emperor Louis IV (Louis III of Bavaria).
		On the death of Meinhard, Upper Bavaria was divided between Bavaria-Straubing and Bavaria-Landshut.
		In 1623, Elector Maximilian I of Bavaria was raised to Electoral Status, gaining the seat of the Elector Palatine, who had been put under the ban of the Empire.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Bavaria (427 words)

	Articles - Bavaria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The current pope, Benedict XVI, is from Bavaria
		In Upper and Lower Bavaria (Middle) Austro-Bavarian is the predominant dialect.
		It became a kingdom in 1806, and in 1815 the Rhenish Palatinate was annexed to it.
	www.worldhammock.com /articles/Bavaria (1231 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Tegernsee
		A celebrated Benedictine abbey of Bavaria that was of much importance for the civilization of the early Middle Ages.
		This demand was a result of the efforts of the episcopate of Bavaria of that era to limit as much as possible the parochial labours of the monasteries.
		The decision, however, was not executed but was adjusted by a settlement made at Tegernsee on 16 June, 804, on the occasion of the dedication of the Church of St. Peter at Tegernsee and the translation to it of the relics of St. Quirinus from the Basilica of St. Saviour (cf.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/14471b.htm (2314 words)

	World Almanac for Kids
		The Wittelsbachs of Bavaria intrigued for a crown in the Spanish Netherlands.
		Bavaria sided with France, because Louis promised the elector the crown of the Spanish Netherlands.
		Liberalism and nationalism were bitterly opposed by the rulers of Prussia and Austria and by the recently crowned kings of Bavaria, Hannover, Württemberg, and Saxony, who dreaded any encroachment on their individual sovereignty.
	www.worldalmanacforkids.com /explore/nations/germany2.html (9121 words)

	Amberg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In 1269 the town became together with Bamberg subordinate to the Wittelsbach dynasty, that ruled Bavaria.
		In 1329 the town and the entire Oberpfalz fell to a collateral line of the Wittelsbach family and was no longer part of Bavaria.
		The rulers of the Palatinate were open-minded towards Protestantism.
	www.yotor.com /wiki/en/am/Amberg.htm (177 words)

	Search Results for Bavaria - Encyclopædia Britannica
		Bavaria is bounded on the west by the Länder of Baden-Württemberg and Hesse, on the north by the Länder of...
		Henry the Lion was the only son of Henry the Proud, duke of Saxony and Bavaria, and Gertrude, the daughter of the Holy Roman emperor Lothair III.
		German noble family that provided rulers of Bavaria and of the Rhenish Palatinate until the 20th century.
	www.britannica.com /search?query=Bavaria&submit=Find&source=MWTEXT (420 words)

	Constitution of the Holy Roman Empire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In 1777, the dynasty of Bavaria died out, and Karl-Theodor, Count Palatine of the Rhine, inherited Bavaria, and electoral voices of Bavaria and the Palatinate were merged.
		Bavaria received back the voices of Leuchtenberg in the Imperial Assembly and in the Circle of Bavaria, and the voice of Mindelheim in the Circle of Swabia.
		Many local rulers considered their possessions as Imperial fiefs and bore Imperial titles, nevertheless, with exception of Duke of Savoy, were represented neither in Imperial circles nor in the Imperial Assembly.
	www.geocities.com /vrozn/Constit.html (7918 words)

	HISTORY OF THE HOUSE OF WITTELSBACH - ROYAL HOUSE OF BAVARIA AND PRINCELY HOUSE OF LÖWENSTEIN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Catholic: Once thought to have descended from the family of Lords of Babenberg (modern Bamberg), rulers or MarkGrafs of the Ostmark, the Wittelsbach line was founded by Luitpold (d 5 Jul 907), cousin and General of the Carolingian Emperor Arnulf, m to Kunigunde, dau of Cout Palatine Berthold of Swabia.
		Maximilian was elevated to the dignity of Elector of the Empire with the deprivation of that title from the Elector Palatine 25 Feb 1623 (this title restored by the Treaty of Westphalia 1648, increasing the number of Electors).
		The achievement is borne on a mantle purpure, fringed and tasselled or, doubled ermine and surmounted by the Royal Crown of Bavaria.
	www.chivalricorders.org /royalty/gotha/bavarhis.htm (1463 words)

	The Oberlander (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Well known in the South German state of Bavaria, the Oberlander is a draft horse that is new to North America.
		King Maximillan II of Bavaria encouraged the development of a strong, work horse suited to the needs of the farmers in his realm.
		The stallions are representative of the five families found in the breed. Ramsach is the progenitor of a bay family, while the popular sorrel family descends from Versuch.
	www.horse-canada.com /html/articles/HMoberlander05.99.htm (625 words)

	1634: The Bavarian Crisis: Chapter Four
		In the past half-century, Bavaria had been Catholicized: it was a land of saints and shrines, healing images and miraculous relics, pilgrimages and processions, the daily routine of its people marked by the tolling of church bells and recital of litanies.
		The rulers of Bavaria knew, well enough, that making Bavaria a Holy Land was far too important to be left to the church alone.
		Richel transferred to the service of Bavaria very quickly after that-not a bad move in view of the fact that six other Bonschab family members were burned as witches in Eichstätt between 1617 and 1627.
	jiltanith.thefifthimperium.com /Collections/1634TheBavarianCrisisChapters/1634TheBavarianCrisis_04.php (2349 words)

	County Flags (Bavaria, Germany) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Lozengies in county CoAs are thus often used to indicate that the area of the county has belonged to Bavaria for long times and are more commonly found in the southern and eastern parts of Bavaria —Upper and Lower Bavaria and Upper Palatinate—.
		In 1214 the Wittelsbachs, the rulers of Bavaria, acquired the county, and —apart from various territorial changes— it remained a part of Bavaria, though separated from the rest of its territory, until 1945.
		In 1329 the Wittelsbach split their territories into two lines — Ludwig's line took Bavaria proper, and Rudolf's line the Palatinate and the northern part of the Duchy — which became in the course of time known as the Upper Palatinate (Oberpfalz) — today the eastern part of Bavaria.
	flagspot.net /flags/de-by-3.html (1815 words)

	Brandenburg - FreeEncyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Albert's control of the region was nominal for several decades, but he engaged in a variety of campaigns against the Wends, as well as more diplomatic efforts which saw his control become more real by the middle of the century.
		In 1320 the Brandenburg Ascanian line came to an end, and from 1323 until 1373 Brandenburg was under the control of the Wittelsbach family, better known as rulers of Bavaria.
		After a period of rule by the Imperial Luxembourg dynasty, however, the margravate was granted (1415) by the Emperor Sigismund to the house of Hohenzollern, which would rule until the end of World War I.
	openproxy.ath.cx /br/Brandenburg.html (895 words)

	Malt
		The rulers had an interest in keeping the “people’s drink” affordable, while the brewers had an interest in keeping their production cost down.
		The ostensible reason why the dukes Ludwig X and Wilhelm IV left wheat off the list of permissible beer ingredients was their fear that the wheat harvest might not always be sufficient for both beer- and bread-making.
		In 1567, the Bavaria ruler even issued an edict explicitly forbidding the brewing of "white beer" (wheat beer) by anybody — except the Degenbergers, who were excluded from the ban.
	www.germanbeerinstitute.com /malt.html (920 words)

	Page2.html
		Charlemagne conquered Bavaria in the 8th century and in time it became part of Saxony.....which was held by the desc.
		Henry III of Saxony, son of Henry, Duke of Bavaria
		Palatinate and Bavaria came under the domination of France.
	www.remmick.org /Palatinate/Page2.html (472 words)

	Munchen
		The old part of the city, on the western bank of the Isar River, has a number of baroque and rococo buildings, mostly built in the first half of the 18th century by the rulers of Bavaria, who were inspired by Italian models.
		In the center of the old section is the Marienplatz, a well-known square, which is dominated by the city hall, the ornate Neues Rathaus, built between 1867 and 1908.
		In 1255, the powerful Wittelsbach family, who ruled as the dukes of Bavaria, made the city their residence.
	www.2747.com /2747/world/city/munich.htm (299 words)

	Dummies::Exploring Germany's Regions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Bavaria, Germany's largest and most prosperous Land (state), is a place that's unmistakably tailor-made for tourists.
		In the center of town sits an enormous palace, the Residenz, used by the rulers of Bavaria from the 14th century up to 1918.
		Bavaria is full of scenic splendor and picturesque charm.
	www.dummies.com /WileyCDA/DummiesArticle/id-3148.html (1471 words)

	RULERS OF GERMANY (DEUTSCHLAND)
		Son of Heinrich II son of Heinrich I of Bavaria son of Heinrich I (Emperor 1014)
		Ludwig IV (V) Son of Ludwig II; in Upper Bavaria; all Bavaria 1340; mortally wounded in battle
		Son of Ludwig IV; in Upper Bavaria 1349–1351; abdicated; in Landshut 1376
	www-personal.umich.edu /~imladjov/GermanRulers.htm (2547 words)

	Bayerischen Brauerbund e.V. - The History of Weissbier
		Authorities in Bavaria, therefore, were always anxious to restrict the use of wheat for bread-making only and to limit the brewing of beer to barley.
		This is mostly because the medieval Dukes of Wittelsbach, the rulers of Bavaria, had more than just selfless concerns for their subjects’ health to guide them in their beer-political decision-making.
		Soon every little town and village in Bavaria had its own Wittelsbach Weissbier brewery, and the profits from the monopoly rose to almost one third of the entire state revenues.
	www.bayrisch-bier.de /contentserv/bayerisches-bier.de/index.php?StoryID=2381&subtemplate=print (911 words)

	Sierra Club Outings \| Hiking the Alps of Bavaria and Austria: Mountains, Forests and Culture \| 06700A
		It is the third largest city in the Federal Republic and capital of the Free State of Bavaria.
		Inhabitants of Bavaria and Austria have a long and committed history of protecting their natural environment.
		Approximately 46 percent of Austria remains forested, and the German/Austrian alpine clubs serve as guardians of the mountain pathways, balancing the enjoyment of nature with erosion prevention and watershed conservation.
	www.sierraclub.org /outings/national/brochure/06700a.asp (2745 words)

	Munich
		Munich is the capital of Bavaria and a "must see" city if you're visiting Bavaria.
		Nymphenburg Palace lies on the outskirts of Munich and was the summer home of the rulers of Bavaria.
		This is a sprawling estate with several different buildings making up the complex of the palace.
	myweb.cableone.net /rradliff/germany/bavaria/munich/munich.htm (403 words)

	Rulers of Bavaria - ArtPolitic Encyclopedia of Politics : Information Portal
		On Otto II's death, Bavaria was divided between his sons.
		In 1805, Bavaria became a Kingdom, and Elector Maximilian IV became King Maximilian I
		Heads of the House of Bavaria since 1918
	www.artpolitic.org /infopedia/ru/Rulers_of_Bavaria.html (240 words)

	The Spiritual Battle for Europe
		In Autumn 1987, I went to Munich, the capital of Bavaria, to attend a senior banking conference.
		The first Nazi concentration camp was built in March 1933 at Dachau, near Munich; and the fanatical rallies were held in Nuremburg (Bavaria's second city) from 1933 to 1938, involving blaring Wagnerian overtures, stirring martial songs, banners, goose-step marches, human swastika formations, torchlight processions, bonfires, and magnificent fireworks displays.
		There is a Principality behind Bavaria which seeks to enslave the whole of Europe, and a Ruler of Darkness behind Catholic Political Thought.
	www.banner.org.uk /misc/Europe.htm (2939 words)

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