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Topic: Rulers of Montenegro

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	Montenegro
		Montenegro's native name, Crna Gora, was first mentioned in a charter of St. Nicholas Monastery (Vranjina) issued by the Serbian King Milutin, in 1296 and translates literally to "fl mountain", a reference to the dark forests that once covered the slopes of the Dinaric Alps as seen from the coast.
		Montenegro borders Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Albania.
		In the constitution of Montenegro adopted in 1992, the official language of the republic was changed from Serbo-Croat to the Ijekavian standard dialect of Serbian.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/m/mo/montenegro.html (3901 words)

	Winne.com - Report on Montenegro, The Pearl of the Adriatic
		Montenegro in 1499 finally falls to the Turks and that coincides with the disappearance of the Crnojevic family from the historical scene.
		Montenegro after that turns completely towards the Russian Empire that through its power and authority strengthens the institution of etnarchy (with the metropolitans being heads of the Church and rulers of the state at the same time).
		In Montenegro such process was accomplished by long and often bloody fights with the Turks from the 15th century on, and particularly from the end of the 18th and during the 19th century to the Great war (1876-78).
	www.winne.com /montenegro/bf01.html (5119 words)

	Montenegro
		Montenegro's native name, Crna Gora, was first mentioned in a charter of St. Nicholas Monastery (Vranjina) issued by the Rascia's/Serbian King Milutin, in 1296 and translates literally to "fl mountain", a reference to the dark forests that once covered the slopes of the Dinaric Alps as seen from the coast.
		Montenegro began the process of seeking international recognition as well as a seat at international organizations, and on June 28, 2006, it became the 192nd member state of the United Nations.
		The OSCE decided to accept Montenegro as the 56th member of the organization on June 21 and the country took its seat at the Permanent Council on June 22.
	articles.gourt.com /en/Montenegro (3683 words)

	Montenegro Voters Resist Westernization
		With one-third of Montenegro’s entire electorate between them, interest in their outcome both inside and outside the country was high, as presenting the first real test of Djukanovic’s and the DPS’s popularity since parliamentary elections two years earlier.
		In that time, their studiously pro-Western and anti-Belgrade policies had meant that Montenegro stayed more-or-less neutral during the war in Kosovo (with Djukanovic always referring to Nato’s "intervention" rather than "aggression") and had even resulted in the introduction of the German mark as the republic’s parallel currency.
		This time the latter had their own "Alliance for Malesia" (the Albanian name for the area in south-west Montenegro where most of them live) which is pressing for the town of Tuzi and neighbouring villages to be given their own municipality.
	www.antiwar.com /orig/mont1.html (1826 words)

	WHKMLA : History of Montenegro, 1914-1926
		Montenegro was allied with Serbia, Russia and France.
		In 1915, Montenegro was occupied by Austrian forces; King Nicholas and a few of his ministers in exile received little attention, as the allies accepted Serbia's policy of establishing a Federated Kingdom of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs - the Montenegrins, regarded ethnic Serbs, were not even mentioned.
		A Montenegrin uprising against Serbian rule in 1919 was suppressed, although fighting continued until 1926; Montenegro became a province of the Kingdom which was to be called Yugoslavia from 1929 onward.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/balkans/mnegro191426.html (254 words)

	Montenegro Travel Guide \| Montenegro Travel
		The Republic of Montenegro is a constituent republic within the political union of Serbia and Montenegro in the Balkans, on the Adriatic Sea.
		Montenegro aka Crna Gora translates literally to “fl mountain”, a reference to the dark forests that once covered the slopes of the Dinaric Alps as seen from the coast.
		Between 1945 and 2003, Montenegro was a Republic of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia respectively.
	www.montenegrotravel.net (543 words)

	Montenegro - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Montenegro's native name, Crna Gora, is first mentioned in 11th century in Vatican documents and translates literally to "fl mountain" or "fl forest", a reference to the dark forests that once covered the slopes of the Dinaric Alps as seen from the Adriatic coast.
		During WWII Italy occupied Montenegro in 1941 and annexed the area of Kotor, where there was a small Roman population (also, the Queen of Italy, Elena of Montenegro, was daughter of the former king of Montenegro), to the Kingdom of Italy.
		Montenegro ranges from high peaks along its borders with Kosovo and Albania, a segment of the Karst of the western Balkan Peninsula, to a narrow coastal plain that is only one to four miles wide.
	www.surfindark.com /index.cgi/000110A/http/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro (3834 words)

	Rulers of Montenegro -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Vladikas (Prince-Bishops) of Montenegro, from the Petrović-Njegu Dynasty, 1696-1852
		Kings of Montenegro, 1910-1922; Tiular Kings & Crown Princes 1922-
		King Nicholas I [Prince Nikola I Petrovic Njegos/ and from 15/28 Aug 1910 King Nikola I of Montenegro] 13 August 1860- 1 March 1921
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/r/ru/rulers_of_montenegro.htm (411 words)

	Montenegro - Biocrawler definition:Montenegro - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Between 1945 and 2003, Montenegro was a Republic of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia respectively.
		The principal cities and towns of Montenegro are: the capital Podgorica (139,100 inhabitants), Nikšić (61,700), Pljevlja (18,800), and Bijelo Polje (17,100).
		Montenegro's parliament on July 12, 2004, adopted a new flag, national day, and anthem, as part of a push for the republic's independence from the state union of Serbia and Montenegro.
	www.biocrawler.com /biowiki/Montenegro (1405 words)

	Montenegro information - Search.com
		From 1945 to 1992, Montenegro was a constituent republic of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
		In the constitution of Montenegro adopted in 1992, the official language of the republic was changed from Serbo-Croat to the Serbian of the Ijekavian standard.
		Montenegro formed its own economic policy and switched to using the Deutsche Mark as its currency as proposed by foreign economic advisors at the time.
	www.search.com /reference/Montenegro (2090 words)

	Nicholas I of Montenegro Online Research :: Information about Nicholas I of Montenegro (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Nikola became sovereign prince of Montenegro on the assassination of his uncle Danilo II Petrovic Njegos in 1860.
		However, the independence of Montenegro was recognised by all other countries at the Congress of Berlin in 1878 and in the succeeding decades Montenegro enjoyed considerable prosperity and stability.
		Preceded by (as Prince): Danilo II Petrovic Njegos Rulers of Montenegro Succeeded by: Daniel I (in exile)
	www.in-northcarolina.com /search/Nicholas_I_of_Montenegro.html (315 words)

	[No title]
		Krum was a far more capable ruler than they had bargained for, and he not only united all the Bulgars north and south of the Danube into one dominion, but also forcibly repressed the whims of the nobles and re-established the autocracy and the hereditary monarchy.
		He was the most enlightened ruler the country had had, and he not only waged war successfully abroad but also put an end to the internal confusion, restored the possibility of carrying on agriculture and commerce, and encouraged the foundation of numerous schools and monasteries.
		For a ruler recourse had inevitably to be had to the rabbit-warren of Germanic princes, who were still ingenuously considered neutral both in religion and in politics.
	www.gutenberg.org /files/11895/11895.txt (17253 words)

	Education - Information - Educational Resources - Encyclopedia - Music - Ru
		Rulers of the Akan state of Akuapem Anafo
		Rulers of the Ngoni Dynasty of Jere (Qeko)
		Rulers of the Ngoni Dynasty of Maseko (Gomani)
	education.music.us /Ru.htm (443 words)

	LearnThis.Info Encyclopedia articles beginning with 'Ru' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Rulers of the Gurma Mossi State of Bilanga
		Rulers of the Gurma Mossi State of Bilayanga
		Rulers of the Gurma Mossi State of Bongandini
	encyclopedia.learnthis.info /r/ru/index.html (74 words)

	Montenegro land,Montenegro,Resort,Property,Skadar lake
		Montenegro was sp Montenegro is a beautiful coastal republic located on the Adriatic Sea, listed by the World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC) as one of the fastest growing holiday destinations in the world.
		While Montenegro is the smallest of the ex-Yugoslav Republics, it is also one of the most inviting.
		Two thirds of it belongs to Montenegro and 1/3 is located on Albanian territory.
	www.montenegro-land.com (969 words)

	Montenegro Elections: Djukanovic´s crusing defeat (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The results of last Sunday´s general election in Montenegro are a major setback for its president Milo Djukanovic (39) and his governing coalition, whose campaign was overwhelmingly focused on the issue of total independence from the Yugoslav federation.
		It is now common knowledge in Montenegro that had the election been completely fair, with equal access to the media for all parties and without fraudulent practices - and had Djukanovic not arbitrarily disenfranchised at least 100,000 Montenegrin citizens resident in Serbia - the opposition would have scored a smashing victory.
		In fact this election was a litmus test of Montenegro´s identity, and thus of the ability of Mr.
	www.balkanpeace.org /rs/archive/apr01/rs141.shtml (1717 words)

	History of Serbia and Montenegro (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		It was not unusual for political control throughout the Balkans to pass from Slav rulers to the Turks, not because of the defeat of the former in battle but because of the failure of local magnates to secure the support of their subjects.
		Montenegro the position of vladika, as the prince-bishop was known, brought stability to that country's leadership.
		Although the territorial gains awarded to Montenegro by the Treaty of San Stefano were reduced at the Congress of Berlin in 1878, the state virtually doubled in area and, for the first time, its borders were enshrined (albeit rather vaguely) in an international treaty.
	www.kosovo.com /serhist.html (10400 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Servia (Serbia)
		Until the union of Servia with the Greek Orthodox Church, the Servian Church was under the control of the Latin Archbishop of Spalato and, later, the Latin Archbishop of Antivari.
		The sixth canon of the Servian Council of Dioclea (1199) formally declared that the Servian Church regarded the Roman Church as the mother and ruler of all the Churches.
		The constant aim of this, the greatest of all the rulers of Servia (1331-55) was to establish a Greater Servia, which should unite all the peoples of the Balkan Peninsula, to conquer Constantinople, and to win for himself the crown of a new Oriental empire with its centre at Constantinople.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/13732a.htm (4866 words)

	Montenegro Political and Ethnic Boundaries 1840-1920, Archive Editions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		It was not until the early 19th century that Serbian independence movements began, and not until 1876-1878, when Montenegro and Serbia went to war together against Turkey in support of Bosnian rebels, that both countries at last gained their independence.
		The tragedy for Montenegro would be that over the next forty years it would fight at the side of Serbia both in the Balkan wars and in the first World War, only to find itself after almost 200 years of self-government, forced into becoming part of a greater Serbia.
		The material in this Collection is an affirmation of how rightful Montenegro is in its present aspirations, and how justified are the wishes of its young generation to revive Montenegro's state, and its cultural and national identity.
	www.archiveeditions.co.uk /Leafcopy/905-3.html (850 words)

	Montenegro 1980 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Serbia and Montenegro cover 102,350 square kilometers combined, with terrain ranging from mountainous in the southeast, to plains in the north.
		Montenegro, rises to a height of 2,522 m (8,274 ft).
		Renamed Serbia and Montenegro in 2003, the former Yugoslavia was formed on Dec...
	www.freeserbia.org /montenegro-1980.html (281 words)

	The Titles of the European Rulers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		A list of geographical names in the rulers' titles was not always a list of their actual possessions.
		According to the tradition of the House of Rurik, which ruled in Russia in the 10th-16th centuries, territories of a late prince were divided by his close male relatives.
		In 1870 all the German rulers but the Emperor of Austria, the Grand Duke of Luxembourg and the Prince of Liechtenstein, recognized the King of Prussia as the German Emperor.
	www.geocities.com /eurprin (1709 words)

	Montenegro Another Dimension \|\| Visit-Montenegro.com
		This was Metropolitan of Montenegro fifth in row of family Petrovic - Petar II Petrovic Njegos.
		He ruled over this people hard to be ruled over, who were not only in permanent war with neighboring communities, but also fought each other and had long gone hates and bloody revenges.
		It was book on unseen beauty and harmony in God world in heavens but also story on envy and disobedience of group of angels, war in heaven, punishment and fall of first man in earthly world full of pain and evil where remained only blur remembrance on once harmony and peace.
	www.visit-montenegro.com /montenegro-ad-1.htm (380 words)

	Serbia/Montenegro: Customs Row Holds Up Union
		Montenegro and Serbia have been operating separate economic systems since 1998, when the former took over control of border crossings from the federal authorities, formed its own customs service.
		Montenegro pointed to the 7.7 per cent increase in revenues it had enjoyed since 2000 because of low taxes.
		Since 1998, Montenegro dropped Serbian assistance and took on a path of pretend-independence, proudly, raking in money donations from international community which was all too eager to help cause a rift between Djukanovich and his old pal Miloshevich.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/797776/posts (2935 words)

	WHKMLA : History of Montenegro, 1355-1498
		At Cetinje he established a monastery, among the monks of which the metropolitan of Montenegro (Cetinje was made the residence of the newly created bishopric of Montenegro in 1485) was chosen.
		Montenegro, a rugged and remote region, was too small to fend off the powerful Ottoman Empire.
		Montenegro emerged as a center of Serbian culture - close contact with the Venetians at Kotor had brought the printing press to Cetinje.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/balkans/mnegro13551498.html (361 words)

	Croatia Myth&Reality: Borders were drawn to benefit Croatia
		The myth that Serbian lands are held by Croatia was used by the Serbian government to launch a war of aggression to seize valuable gas and oil fields, rail and shipping corridors and port facilities.
		Serbians at the time were under the control of Bulgar or Byzantine rulers and did not organize their first state until 1170.
		In the south, the commission gave Montenegro access to the sea by removing the port of Kotor and the surrounding districts from Croatia.
	wap.macedonia.org /myth/borders.html (1942 words)

	Ottoman Empire Serbia War 1876-1878
		Serbo-Turkish War (1876-78), military conflict in which Serbia and Montenegro fought the Ottoman Turks in support of an uprising in Bosnia and Herzegovina and, in the process, intensified the Balkan crisis that culminated in the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78.
		By the settlement of that conflict Serbia and Montenegro acquired their independence from the Ottoman Empire and an expansion of their territory.
		The Serbian effort to invade Bosnia was a failure; and while their sole ally, Montenegro, successfully fought in Herzegovina, the Serbs, after losing the Battle of Aleksinac (Sept. 1, 1876), were confronted with a Turkish advance toward Belgrade.
	www.onwar.com /aced/data/sierra/serboturk1876.htm (298 words)

	The Saga of Kosovo
		Serbia and Montenegro and Serbs and Montenegrins are both frequently mentioned in the text, but it should be kept in mind that Montenegrins are Serbs and in their earliest history Serbs and Montenegrins were one nation.
		This is the place where in 1282 King Stefan Dragutin, ruler of the northern regions of Serbia and Srem, abdicated in favor of his brother, King Stefan Milutin (1282-1321), who until then had ruled the southwestern parts of Serbia.
		Serbian rulers, in a manner of speaking, were seeking to pursue a "non-aligned" policy.
	www.uni-koeln.de /phil-fak/soeg/autoren/storck/ps_ss_99/kosovo/kosovo1.htm (7648 words)

	Untitled
		More particularly, the name 'Danilo' chosen for the attaché was that of former hereditary Bishop-Prince rulers of Montenegro and of the current Prince of Montenegro's eldest son and heir (pictured, right).
		Montenegro was ideal for the principality depicted in Die lustige Witwe.
		It states that the object of the journey of Prince Nicholas of Montenegro to St. Petersburg was chiefly to obtain a loan of 10,000,000f., which he had been unable to raise either in Rome or Paris.
	www.josef-weinberger.co.uk /mw/politics.html (1805 words)

	Montenegro Dismisses West's Warning on Secession (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		BELGRADE, Apr 13, 2001 - Montenegro´s rulers on Thursday shrugged off a warning from the major powers not to break away from Yugoslavia and said the republic should not be punished if it voted for independence.
		Vukovic said Montenegro was well-known for respecting democracy and would continue to do so.
		To the many Montenegrins who live in Serbia, Djukanovic is promising not much will change in Montenegro´s relations with the neighboring republic after secession, including a free flow of goods and labor.
	www.balkanpeace.org /hed/archive/apr01/hed3071.shtml (536 words)

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