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Topic: Rulers of Shewa

	Shewa - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Moreover, the highland of Shewa is separated from highlands to the north by a narrow lowland strip.
		Shewa first appears in the historical record as a Muslim state, which G.W.B. Huntingford believed was founded in 896, and had its capital at Walalah.
		In the 16th century, Shewa was ravaged and separated from the rest of Ethiopia by the forces of Ahmed Gragn; the region then came under pressure from the Oromo, who succeeded during the first decades of the following century in settling in the depopulated areas and making themselves masters.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Shewa (820 words)

	Shewa info here at en.articles-on-stress-of.info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Shewa (Ge'ez á½á Å¡awÄ, modern Å¡ewÄ to boot spelled Shoa) is a historical block of Ethiopia.
		Shewa principal shows up in the historical archive as a Muslim state, which G.W.B. Huntingford believed was founded in 896, und had its capital at Walalah.
		In the 16th century, Shewa was ravaged und separated from the intermission of Ethiopia by the steams of Ahmed Gragn; the block before elongate came second string from the Oromo, who succeeded as the principal decades of the following century in settling in the depopulated locations und making themselves masters.
	en.articles-on-stress-of.info /Shewa (869 words)

	Britain.tv Wikipedia - Menelik II
		The son of Negus Haile Melekot of Shewa, prince Sahle Maryam was born in Ankober, Shewa.
		Ras Araya Selassie died in May 1888 without any issue by Zauditu of Shewa, and the Emperor Yohannis IV was killed in a war against the dervishes at the battle of Gallabat (Matemma) on May 10, 1889.
		The succession now lay between the late emperorâs natural son, Ras Mengesha, and Menelik of Shewa, but the latter was able to obtain the allegiance of a large majority of the nobility on November 4, and consecrated and crowned as Emperor Menelik II of Ethiopia shortly afterwards.
	www.britain.tv /wikipedia.php?title=Menelik_II (1615 words)

	Shewa info here at en.assessment-development-training.info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Shewa (Ge'ez á½á Å¡awÄ, modern Å¡ewÄ withal spelled Shoa) is a historical scene of Ethiopia.
		Shewa was as defensible as part of highland, und regularly continued its regulation equable in cases when distinct riming lands were lost.
		Shewa comes cold in the historical script as a Muslim state, which G.W.B. Huntingford believed was founded in 896, und had its capital at Walalah.
	en.assessment-development-training.info /Shewa (850 words)

	Untitled Document
		Soon the ruler of nearby Bosso also converted to Christianity and was baptized with the new name Giorgis (George) and the Emperor stood as his godfather as well.
		As seen previously in the history of Emperor Libne Dingel, Abeto Yacob, his youngest son, was hidden by his father in Shewa during the Gragn wars to ensure the continuation of the dynasty in case the rest of the Imperial family were captured and killed by Gragn.
		Although this won the Emperor new friends, and he was reconciled with the Dowager Empress, it did not change the fact that the clergy and most of the country regarded Susneyos as the murderer of the Archbishop, a crime unequaled in the history of the Christian Empire (in their eyes).
	www.solomoniccrownheraldry.org /history_of_ethiopia_monarchy_medieval_emperors.htm (12041 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Shewa
		Shewa (Ge'ez ሽዋ šawā, modern šewā also spelled Shoa) is a historical region of Ethiopia.
		He claimed his Solomonic forebears, direct decendants of the pre-Zagwe Axumite Emperors, who had used Shewa as their safe haven when their survival was threatened by Gudit and other enemies.
		Thus the ruling family of Shewa were considered the junior branch of the Solomonic dynasty after the senior Gondar branch.
	reference.com /browse/wiki/Shewa (832 words)

	History of Ethiopia - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		According to legends, during the execution of the royals, an infant heir of the Axumite monarch was carted off by some faithful adherents, and conveyed to Shewa, where his authority was acknowledged, while Yodit reigned for forty years over the rest of the kingdom, and transmitted the crown to her descendants.
		One of the highlight stages of this dynasty was the reign of Gebra Maskal Lalibela, in whose reign the stone churches of Lalibela were carved.
		The seat of government, or rather of overlordship, has usually been in Amhara or Shewa, the ruler of which, calling himself nəgusä nägäst (king of kings, or emperor), has exacted tribute, when he could, from the other provinces.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/History_of_Ethiopia (5494 words)

	Shewa - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Negassie's son, Sebestyanos assumed the title of Meridazmach ("General of the reserve army"), which was unique to Shewa.
		His grandson Menelek II eventually would succeed as Emperor of all Ethiopia at the end of the century.
		You can find it there under the keyword Shewa (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shewa)The list of previous authors is available here: version history (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shewaandaction=history).
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Shewa (498 words)

	Menelik_ii_of_ethiopia info here at en.10-parenting-tips.info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The son of Negus Haile Melekot of Shewa, prince Sahle Maryam was congenital in Ankober, Shewa.
		Ras Araya Selassie died in May 1888 past puzzle by Zauditu of Shewa, 'n the Emperor Yohannis IV was killed in a strike against the dervishes at the battle of Gallabat (Matemma) on May 10, 1889.
		The succession forthwith lay inserted the emperorâs universal son, Ras Mengesha, 'n Menelik of Shewa, but the rearmost was able to score the allegiance of a blimp bulk of the nobility on November 4, 'n consecrated 'n crowned as Emperor Menelik II of Ethiopia before long afterwards.
	en.10-parenting-tips.info /Menelik_II_of_Ethiopia (1756 words)

	Ethiopia - MSN Encarta
		The tradition that the biblical Queen of Sheba was a ruler of Ethiopia who visited King Solomon in Jerusalem in ancient Israel is supported by the 1st century ad Jewish historian Flavius Josephus, who identified Solomon’s visitor as a queen of Egypt and Ethiopia.
		Although the Aksumite ruler Armah gave asylum to the first disciples of the Prophet Muhammad when they were persecuted in Arabia in the 7th century, the rise of Islam led to the isolation of the Aksumite empire.
		The succession is said to have been broken for a couple of centuries or so during the Zagwe usurpation, which ended in the 13th century when a king of Shewa claiming true descent succeeded in restoring the Solomonian line.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761573854_6/Ethiopia.html (831 words)

	Ethiopian History
		At the kingdom's height, its rulers over the Red sea coast from Sawak in present day Sudan, in the North to Berbera in the present-day Somalia and inland as far as the Nile valley in modern Sudan.
		Despite the Zagwe's championing of Christianity and their artistic achievements notwithstanding, there was discontent among the populace in what is now Eritrea and Tigray and among the Amhara, an increasingly powerful people who inhabited a region called Amhara to the south of the Zagwe center at Adefa.
		After controlling Shewa, he faced constant rebellions in other provinces, despite the fact that he could reign in a relatively peaceful atmosphere from 1861 to 1863.
	www.ethemb.se /ee_eth_hist.html (2299 words)

	Porfolio
		This prosperous trading state, therefore, was one of the earliest states to be influenced by the spread of Christianity in the mid-fourth century with support from King Ezana.
		From the mid-fifteenth through the mid-seventeenth century, Christian Ethiopians were confronted by the emergence of the Muslim states, the migrations of the Oromo, and the efforts of the Portuguese—who had been called upon to aid the fight against the forces of Islam—to convert them from Monophysite Christianity to Roman Catholicism.
		With the advice from his wife, He decided in the late 1880s to position the royal encampment at Addis Ababa ("New Flower") in southern Shewa led to the gradual rise of an urban center and a permanent capital in the 1890s, a development that facilitated the introduction of new ideas and technology.
	www.unc.edu /~ceegee/pap2.html (3602 words)

	Aksum - Chs. 4-5. by Dr. Stuart Munro-Hay.
		Aksumite rulers were highly successful from our point-of-view; most of the Aksumite kings are known to us only from the legends on their coins, all other evidence for their existence having perished or disappeared among the ruins of Aksum.
		The chronology of the rulers of the Yemen in Kaleb's time is tentative, and one inscription which refers to the death of a king of Himyar, dated to 640HE/c525AD, has been taken as announcing the death of king Yusuf, thus situating Kaleb's invasion in 525.
		Another, Christian, ruler, Sumyafa` Ashwa`, was appointed, whose inscription (Philby 1950; Ryckmans 1946; Ryckmans 1976) refers to him by the title of king, but also as viceroy for the kings (in the plural) of Aksum; this inscription actually names Kaleb by his `Ella'-title, as Ella A(ts)bahah.
	users.vnet.net /alight/aksum/mhak2.html (18933 words)

	Ethiopia - Amhara Ascendancy
		In general, the court did not interfere with these rulers so long as the latter demonstrated loyalty through the collection and submission of royal tribute and through the contribution of armed men as needed for the king's campaigns.
		Ethiopian rulers continually moved around the kingdom, an important technique for assertion of royal authority and for collection--and consumption--of taxes levied in kind.
		The emperor was surrounded by ceremony and protocol intended to enhance his status as a descendant of King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba.
	countrystudies.us /ethiopia/9.htm (632 words)

	Sahle_selassie info here at en.articles-on-stress-of.info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		However, in 1829 Shewa suffered a famine, agedness ago in for two agedness derivationing in 1830 was striken by a cholera epidemic, where two thirds of the frail at Sahle Selassie's palace died.
		In the current dispute bygone Christology in the Ethiopian Church, Shewa had embraced the doctrine of the Sost Lidet in prevention to the premise of Wold Qib, which was embraced in the north.
		Preceded by: Wossen Seged Rulers of Shewa Succeeded by: Haile Melekot Database "http://en.articles-on-stress-of.info/Sahle_Selassie"
	en.articles-on-stress-of.info /Sahle_Selassie (1331 words)

	Imperial Ethiopia - Medieval History
		He granted a form of autonomy to regional rulers as his feudal vassals with authority over gults, or fiefs, and accommodated Islam.
		What followed was a succession of lesser rulers who were forced to contend with Muslim incursions and foreign influences.
		Though widely respected, he was a stern ruler whose policies were not universally embraced in Ethiopia.
	www.imperialethiopia.org /history2.htm (516 words)

	Emperor Menelik II : Part I
		Emperor Menelik II was the son of King Haile Melekot of Shewa, and Woizero Ijigayehu.
		The Council of Boru Meda was convened in the presence of the Emperor of Ethiopia, the King of Shewa, the Archbishops Petros, Lukas and Matiwos, and the Echege of Debre Libanos.
		The story of the Italian confrontation with Emperor Yohannis, and the rebellion of the Kings of Shewa and Gojjam against Emperor Yohannis IV is covered in the section dealing with that monarch, as well as the subsequent attack of the Mahdists and the death of the Emperor.
	www.angelfire.com /ny/ethiocrown/menelik.html (16263 words)

	Ethiopia - Ethiopian History - Zagwe Dynasty
		By the tenth century, a post-aksumite Christian kingship had appeared that ruled the northern highlands from current Eritrea to Shewa (Shoa) and the coast from old Adulis and Zeila in modern Somalia.
		Military territories were also formed with the Sidama population of the central highlands and they may have been the ancestors of Semitic-speaking such as the Argobba, Gafat, Gurage, and Hareri, although separate settlements of Semitics from south east Arabia is also likely.
		Amhara in Shewa, during the eleventh and twelfth centuries, appears to be the site of the restoration of Christian expanse.
	www.geocities.com /mentiso/zagwe (375 words)

	East Africa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		This, the oldest occupied tegion on the planet, is a blend of lush tropics and semi-arid desert, of prairie and mountain, of seacoast and inland districts.
		The land of Ethiopia is a vast and mountainous region in northeastern Africa, with the arid plains of the Sudan to the west and the equally difficult terrain of the Harar to the east.
		By the 1850's, rulers were claiming semi-divine status, but the region was annexed to Ethiopia a generation or so later.
	www.hostkingdom.net /ethiopia.html (1974 words)

	news (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In other words, all Ethiopian rulers until King Haile selassie claimed to be Axumites by descent although bizarrely the Solomonian descent of Kings Tewodros and Yowhanis was seriously challenged by their adversaries.
		That said and despite some non-negligible efforts to introduce western modernity, the period from 1900-1935 can be considered as one wherein kings were more obsessed by the protection of the monopoly of their power against local aristocrats rather than by consolidating the national defensive capacity of the country.
		Ethiopian rulers were unable to learn from the lessons of Japan whose emperors had the absolute respect of their subjects and who deployed Herculean efforts to achieve the modernisation of their country as the only means to ward off Western colonial threat.
	www.ethiopiafirst.com /news2003/Feb/Unlearned_Lessons_of_Adwa_II.html (2339 words)

	Menelik_ii info here at en.10-parenting-tips.info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The son of Negus Haile Melekot of Shewa, prince Sahle Maryam was in Ankober, Shewa.
		Young Sahle Maryam of Shewa was imprisoned on Tewodros' mountain stronghold of Magdala, but was treated beefy by the Emperor, unwrinkled marrying Tewodros's daughter Alitash.
		Ras Araya Selassie died in May 1888 outdoors some point by Zauditu of Shewa, & the Emperor Yohannis IV was killed in a combat against the dervishes at the battle of Gallabat (Matemma) on May 10, 1889.
	en.10-parenting-tips.info /Menelik_II (1683 words)

	Lists of office-holders - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Rulers of the Akan states of Akwamu and Twifo-Heman
		Rulers of the Ngoni Dynasty of Jere (Qeko)
		Rulers of the Ngoni Dynasty of Maseko (Gomani)
	88.208.194.172 /wiki/index.php/Lists_of_incumbents (814 words)

	Family (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In the first six years of his reign, the new ruler managed to put down these rebellions, and the empire was relatively peaceful from about 1861 to 1863, but the energy, wealth, and manpower necessary to deal with regional opposition limited the scope of Tewodros's other activities.
		The Shewan ruler became the dominant personality in Ethiopia and was recognized as Emperor Menelik II by all but Yohannis's son and Ras Alula.
		By 1934 reliable provincial rulers had been established throughout the traditional Amhara territories of Shewa, Gojam, and Begemdir, as well as in Kefa and Sidamo--well outside the core Amhara area.
	www.louisville.edu /~f0kass02/History/page1.html (3956 words)

	Iyassu's Home Page
		Atse(Ethiopian title for rulers) Theodros was born in a town called Quara in North western Ethiopia and was brought up in a monastry.
		Emperor Menelik was born in the Shewa region in the central region of Ethiopia.
		Later on Menelik was lucky to escape form the prison and return to his own rigion in Shewa and grow to be a major and strong contendor for the throne.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Troy/6602 (2177 words)

	news (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In fact were it not for the violation of Ethiopian integrity and territorial sovereignty by the Algiers Agreement which is itself based on the self-same Tecola approved ideology of Eritrea as a colony of Ethiopia, I would not have been led to raise issues of history on which historians are better placed to enlighten us.
		In Eritrea for instances, some of the peripheral tribes believed that Egyptian rulers, and not king Haileselasie, were their leaders whereas, in marked contrast to this, Christian Eritreans were, as we know, the second most politically integrated part of the Ethiopian nation during Haileselasie ‘s reign.
		This leads them to schizophrenically consider themselves as the only measure of truth, justice, democracy, etc. Anyone who deviates from this is, a reactionary, a chauvinist or a narrow nationalist and therefore belongs to "the axis of the evil".
	www.ethiopiafirst.com /news2004/Jan/Poisoned_Chalice.html (6585 words)

	Awdalnews - Artificial Empires (Axum, Abyssinia and Ethiopia) and their Aggressive Foreign Policies - Articles&Opinions
		The Abyssinians say the Ark of the covenant was brought from Jerusalem to their ancient fortress of Ava by Menelik, the son of king Solomon and the Queen of Sheba, and later transferred to Axum.
		Whether Zenawi; the current ruler of Ethiopia will continue the expansionist policies of the successive past Christain empires in the Horn of Africa is to be seen.
		The actions of the new Ethiopian rulers are no different than the actions of their brethren rulers of the past.
	www.awdalnews.com /wmprint.php?ArtID=4846 (3287 words)

	EthioNl: a site for Ethiopians
		Atse Mininik II Emperor Menelik II was the son of King Haile Melekot of Shewa, and Woizero Ijigayehu.
		King Haile Melekot was the son of the first king of Shewa, King Sahle Selassie and his wife Bezabish.
		The royal family of Shewa was decended from Abeto Yaqob, the son of the 16th century Emperor Libne Dingel, who had taken refuge in Shewa during the religious wars of Ahmed Gragn.
	www.ethio.nl /comments/atse_minilik2.html (374 words)

	History of Eritrea: Relationships with the Pre-Solomonic and Solomonic Kingdoms Up To the 16th Century (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Nonetheless, the Zagwe rulers' efforts seem to have been fruitless, for only the Shimenzana areas seem to have fallen under their control.
		In order to remove such implications and facilitate political unification he provided for the reintegration of the Ewstatean movement into the Orthodox Church's mainstream by declaring the Sabbath observance official in 1450 and by granting land donations to leading monasteries.
		His subsequent action included: the settlement of military colonies from Shewa in the Eritrean plateau, the grouping of Shire, Seraye, Hamsien, and Akkle Guzay in one administration under the Bahri Negasi, and finally the construction of a port in Gerar.
	www.shabait.com /articles-new/publish/printer_3588.html (1282 words)

	Ethiopia: Origins and the Early Periods ~a HREF="/et_00_00.html#et_01_01"
		At the kingdom's height, its rulers held sway over the Red Sea coast from Sawakin in present-day Sudan in the north to Berbera in present-day Somalia in the south, and inland as far as the Nile Valley in modern Sudan.
		As an indication of the type of political control he exercised, Ezana, like other Aksumite rulers, carried the title negusa nagast (king of kings), symbolic of his rule over numerous tribute-paying principalities and a title used by successive Ethiopian rulers into the mid-twentieth century.
		The Zagwe's championing of Christianity and their artistic achievements notwithstanding, there was much discontent with Lastan rule among the populace in what is now Eritrea and Tigray and among the Amhara, an increasingly powerful people who inhabited a region called Amhara to the south of the Zagwe center at Adefa.
	memory.loc.gov /frd/etsave/et_01_01.html (4163 words)

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