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	Coat-of-arms of Sir Benjamin Thompson, HRE Count Rumford (1753-1814) - Numericana
		In the history of Science, Rumford is best remembered for making the first observation which would precipitate the downfall of the dubious "caloric" theory, which presented heat as a fluid.
		Rumford pointed out that the heat released in the boring of a cannon would have been enough to melt the metal if that heat had actually been "contained" in it to begin with (as the caloric theory was stating).
		Rumford even estimated the so-called mechanical equivalent of heat, well before a precise value was obtained by James Prescott Joule (1818-1889).
	home.att.net /~numericana/arms/rumford.htm (597 words)

	Rumford
		1) " Rumford" -- In the context of Rumford
		Rumford Prize 1: :''Not to be confused with the Rumford Medal '' 3: In 1796, Benjamin Thompson, known as Count Rumford, gave $5000 separately to 6: 'Rumford Prize'''; the Royal Society awards the Rumford Medal.
		Rumford Medal 1: :''Not to be confused with the Rumford Prize '' 3: In 1796, Benjamin Thompson, known as Count Rumford, gave $5000 separately to 6: merican Academy of Arts and Sciences awards the Rumford Prize.
	www.lottery-news.net /dust47387-rumford.html (273 words)

	Rumford Medal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 1796, Benjamin Thompson, known as Count Rumford, gave $5000 separately to the Royal Society of London and the other by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences to give awards every two years for outstanding scientific research on heat or light.
		The Royal Society awards the Rumford Medal; the American Academy of Arts and Sciences awards the Rumford Prize.
		The medal is of silver gilt and a gift of £1000 is associated with it.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Rumford_Medal (200 words)

	Benjamin Count Rumford
		The elector fled from his capital, and it was entirely owing to Rumford that a hostile occupation of the city was prevented.
		Rumford was the founder and the first recipient of the Rumford Medal of the Royal Society.
		He was also the founder of the Rumford Prize of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and of the Rumford professorship in Harvard University.
	www.nndb.com /people/662/000104350 (1227 words)

	Rumford Benjamin Graf von 1753 1814 Rumfordiana, 1775-[ongoing]. AIP International Catalog of Sources
		Rumford Benjamin Graf von 1753 1814 Rumfordiana, 1775-[ongoing].
		Rumford, Benjamin, Graf von, 1753-1814 Mémoires sur la chaleur.
		American-born physicist (Best-known for his cannon experiments showing heat to be a mode of motion, thereby disproving prevalent notion of heat as fluid material substance (caloric); endowed Rumford professorship, Harvard, also Rumford medal of Royal Society and American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1796).
	www.aip.org /history/catalog/icos/712.html (454 words)

	The Life and Legend of Count Rumford
		Controversy was as much a part of Rumford’s life as was brilliance and achievement, so it’s not easy to picture this flamboyant figure in the simple setting of the farmhouse on Elm Street that was his birthplace.
		A bronze statue of Count Rumford commissioned by the king of Bavaria in 1867 stands on Maximilian Strasse as testimony to the gratitude of the citizens of Munich.
		Count Rumford in 1796 gave $5,000 each to the Royal Society of Great Britain and to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences to award medals every two years for outstanding scientific research on heat or light.
	www.middlesexcanal.org /docs/rumford.htm (798 words)

	Knitting Circle and IHI BENJAMIN THOMPSON, COUNT RUMFORD
		RUMFORD was born humbly on a farmstead in Woburn, today a northern suburb of Boston.
		RUMFORD was a life-long correspondent of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, a life-long member of the Royal Academy, and, later, of the Institut de France.
		RUMFORD's realization that America had founded a revolutionary society is certainly evident but, had he returned to America, as he'd wished to do, he would have continued to act in the manner of an international aristocrat even as he necessarily acted in Europe as a Yankee eccentric parvenu.
	www.rumford.com /gayRumford.html (3507 words)

	There's Something About Angstrom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Hoagland received with his Ångström Medal award was an Ångström memorial medal of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, and the academy has stated that The Angstrom Foundation AB did not have permission to use the academy's medal for their Ångström Medal award.
		The Angstrom Foundation AB's use of the Ångström memorial medal of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences as a component of the 1993 Ångström Medal award to Richard C. Hoagland was an unauthorized use of the academy's medal.
		He was the recipient of the Angstrom Medal for Excellence in Science in Stockholm, Sweden, a colleague of Carl Sagan, and a former science adviser to CBS News and Walter Cronkite.
	home.teleport.com /~photoget/angstrom.htm (2737 words)

	Bristol University \| News from the University \| School of Chemistry
		The Medal and Prize, consisting of a bronze medal and prize of £500, is awarded to a British chemist under the age of 30 who has shown the most promise as indicated by published work.
		The award, which consists of a silver medal and £500, is made to a British chemist under the age of 38, who, in the judgement of the RSC's Council, has published during the year of the award and in the immediately preceding five years, the most meritorious contributions to experimental chemistry.
		Professor Dixon was awarded the medal in recognition of his many contributions to molecular spectroscopy and to the dynamics of molecular photodissociation.
	www.bris.ac.uk /news/2004/486 (807 words)

	August 19th
		Count Rumford's papers in the Philosophical Transactions, and his detached scientific essays, range over the subjects of food, cooking, fuel, fireplaces, ventilation, smoky chimneys, sources of heat, conduction of heat, warm baths, uses of steam, artificial illumination, portable lamps, sources of light, broad-wheeled carriages, andc.
		He founded the 'Rumford Medal' of the Royal Society: leaving £1000 stock in the three per cents, the interest of which is applied biennially, in payment for a gold medal, to reward the best discoverers in light and heat; and he benefited many other scientific institutions.
		No sooner had their commander set the example, than the officers and soldiers cleared the streets with equal promptitude and success, but at the same time with all imaginable good-nature; so that before night, not a single beggar was to be seen in the whole metropolis.
	www.thebookofdays.com /months/aug/19.htm (2543 words)

	AllRefer.com - Rumford, Benjamin Thompson, Count (Physics, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Rumford, Benjamin Thompson, Count 1753–1814, American-British scientist and administrator, b.
		In 1776 he went to England, where he served (1780–81) as undersecretary of the colonies, conducting significant experiments with gunpowder in his spare time.
		He chose his title from the name of the town Rumford (later Concord), N.H., where his wife was born.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/R/Rumford.html (284 words)

	Prizes Awarded by the American Academy of Arts & Sciences
		The Emerson-Thoreau Medal was established in 1958 to give special recognition to distinguished achievement in the broad field of literature.
		Given at the discretion of the Council of the Academy on the recommendation of a nominating committee, the prize is awarded to a person for his or her total literary achievement rather than for a specific work.
		First awarded in 1974, this prize was established to honor the noted sociologist and former president of the Academy and is awarded for contributions to the social sciences (broadly defined).
	www.amacad.org /about/prizes.aspx (406 words)

	Anders Jonas Ångström
		He published his extensive research on the solar spectrum[?] in Recherches sur le spectre solaire (1868), including detailed measurements of more than 1000 spectral lines.
		This statement, as Sir Edward Sabine remarked when awarding him the Rumford medal[?] of the Royal Society in 1872, contains a fundamental principle of spectrum analysis, and though for a number of years it was overlooked it entitles him to rank as one of the founders of spectroscopy.
		He was the first, in 1867, to examine the spectrum of the aurora borealis, and detected and measured the characteristic bright line in its yellow green region.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/an/Anders_Jonas_Angstrom.html (261 words)

	The Rumford Medal (1800) (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab1.cs.columbia.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The medal is of silver gilt and a gift of £1000 accompanies it.
		The 2006 Rumford Medal was awarded Professor Jean-Pierre Hansen for his pioneering work on molten salts and dense plasmas that has led the way to a quantative understanding of the structure and dynamics of strongly correlated ionic liquids.
		The Rumford medal will next be awarded in 2008 and will be chosen by the A-side Medals and Awards Committee.
	www.royalsoc.ac.uk.cob-web.org:8888 /page.asp?tip=1&id=1745 (176 words)

	Rumford, Benjamin Thompson, Count. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		He was knighted in 1784 and in 1791 was created count of the Holy Roman Empire.
		In contrast to the prevalent belief that heat was a substance, he presented, in a paper (1798) to the Royal Society, the theory that heat was produced by the motion of particles.
		He founded the Royal Institution in England, established the Rumford medal of the Royal Society, and founded the Rumford professorship of chemistry at Harvard.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ru/Rumford.html (212 words)

	NATIONAL RECOGNITION FOR LASER EXPERT 25 Oct 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Professor Wilson Sibbett, who is based in the School of Physics and Astronomy, has been awarded the Rumford Medal in recognition of his research into ultrafast laser science and technology.
		A silver gilt medal dating back to 1800, the Rumford Medal is awarded biennially in recognition of an outstandingly important recent discovery in science made by a scientist working in Europe.
		Rumford, a Fellow of the Royal Society, was primarily concerned that recognition be given to discoveries which promote the good of mankind.
	calvin.st-andrews.ac.uk /external_relations/news_article.cfm?reference=117 (372 words)

	Cambridge scientists honoured by Royal Society (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Professor Jean-Pierre Hansen from the Theoretical and Computational Chemistry group, Department of Chemistry, has been awarded the Rumford Medal for ‘an important recent discovery in the field of thermal or optical properties of matter’.
		The medal is awarded in recognition of his fundamental work in arithmetic geometry and his many contributions to the theory of ordinary differential equations.
		The medals will be presented on the 30th of November, the anniversary of the inauguration of the Royal Society.
	www.admin.cam.ac.uk /news/dp/2006072702 (345 words)

	MIT Spectroscopy Lab - George R. Harrison Biography
		He was awarded the U.S. Medal of Freedom and the Presidential Medal of Merit for his contributions.
		Dean Harrison received many medals, awards, and honorary degrees for his scientific accomplishments, including the Rumford Medal of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the Cresson Medal of the Franklin Institute, the Ives and Mees Medals and the Meggers Award of the Optical Society of America, and the Pittsburgh Spectroscopy Award.
		He was one of six honorary members of the Optical Society, and was a Fellow of the American Philosophical Society, the American Physical Society, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the Australian Academy of Science, and he held many high offices in these and other scholarly organizations.
	web.mit.edu /spectroscopy/history/harrisonbio.html (959 words)

	Nuclear Files: Library: Biographies: James Franck
		The report urged an open demonstration of the atomic bomb in an uninhabited place as an alternative to using the weapon without warning on Japan.
		In 1951, Franck received the Max Planck Medal of the German Physical Society.
		In 1955, he received the Rumford Medal of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences for his work on photosynthesis.
	www.nuclearfiles.org /menu/library/biographies/bio_franck-james.htm (243 words)

	Inventor of the Week: Archive
		In 1908 the American Academy of Arts and Sciences awarded Dr. Acheson the Count Rumford Medal for his applications of heat in the electric furnace for industrial purposes.
		He was awarded the John Scott Medal by the Franklin Institute in 1894 for the invention of carborundum, and in 1901 for the invention of artificial graphite.
		Acheson also received the Grand Prix at the Exposition Universelle Internationale, Paris in 1900, the Gold Medal at Pan-American Exposition of 1901 for artificial graphite, and the Grand Prize at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition in 1904 for carborundum and artificial graphite.
	web.mit.edu /invent/iow/acheson.html (674 words)

	Dimensionless: Origins of Dimensionless Groups of Heat and Mass Transfer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		He was especially interested in questions relating to the polarization of light, and for his achievements in this field he was awarded the Rumford Medal of the Royal Society in 1840.
		Austrian physicist, whose original contributions ranged over several important fields, including the kinetic theory of gases, hydrodynamics and in particular, radiation, was born on March 24, 1835 at St. Peter near Klagenfurt and died on January 7, 1893 in Wien.
		German scientist and pioneer in the field of engineering thermodynamics, especially in heat and mass transfer, was born on February 11, 1892 at Vögelsen, near Lüneburg.
	www.ichmt.org /dimensionless/dimensionless.html (3178 words)

	Heike Kamerlingh Onnes - Biography
		Meanwhile in 1878 he had become assistant at the Polytechnicum at Delft, working under Bosscha, in whose place he also lectured in 1881 and 1882, the year in which he was appointed Professor of Experimental Physics and Meteorology at Leyden University, in succession to P.L. Rijke.
		Kamerlingh Onnes' talents for solving scientific problems was already apparent in 1871, when at the age of 18 he was awarded a Gold Medal for a competition sponsored by the Natural Sciences Faculty of the University of Utrecht, followed the next year by a Silver Medal for a similar event at the University of Groningen.
		He held an honorary doctorate of the University of Berlin, and was awarded the Matteucci Medal, the Rumford Medal, the Baumgarten Preis and the Franklin Medal.
	nobelprize.org /nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1913/onnes-bio.html (972 words)

	George Ellery Hale (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		He had been awarded the Janssen Medal by the Paris Academy of Sciences in 1894 and the Rumford Medal by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1902.
		In 1904 he received the Gold Medal from the Royal Astronomical Society and the Draper Medal from the National Academy of Sciences.
		The Astronomical Society of the Pacific has some biographical material related to his winning their 1916 Bruce Medal.
	www.mwoa.org /hale.html (443 words)

	School of Physics & Astronomy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Hubert Schardin Gold Medal for "Fundamental Research Contributions to Ultrashort Light Pulse Generation and Measurement" 1978
		Institute of Physics CV Boys Medal and Prize for "Experimental Physics" 1993
		Rumford Medal of The Royal Society for "Research into Ultrashort-Pulse Laser Science and Technology" 2000
	www.st-andrews.ac.uk /~www_pa/pandaweb/admin/staffpages/Research/Awards/ws_awards.htm (89 words)

	Hall of Pioneers
		In 1820, with Felix Savart, he discovered the law known as "Biot and Savart's Law." He was especially interested in questions relating to the polarization of light and for his achievements in this field he was awarded the Rumford Medal of the Royal Society in 1840.
		He was admired by colleagues and students alike, for his warm personality, subtle wit, and rare humility of spirit.
		Being strongly involved in the development of the international steam tables, Schmidt continued his scientific activity after his retirement in 1961 and until his death in 1975.
	www.seas.ucla.edu /jht/pioneers/pioneers.html (3116 words)

	Rumford - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Rumford can refer to one of the following:
		Rumford Prize (not to be confused with the above!)
		Rumford oven first means for the industrial production of quick lime.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Rumford (104 words)

	The Bruce Medalists: William Huggins
		After 1875 his observations were made jointly with his talented wife, the former Margaret Lindsay Murray.
		National Academy of Sciences, Henry Draper Medal, 1901.
		Royal Society, Royal medal, 1866; Rumford Medal, 1880; Copley Medal, 1898.
	www.phys-astro.sonoma.edu /BruceMedalists/Huggins/index.html (341 words)

	SPIE Scene
		It is awarded to an individual or to a team in recognition of outstanding engineering or scientific accomplishments in optics, electro-optics, or photographic electro-optical instrumentation technology or applications.
		He has also received many awards and honors, including the Fellowship of the Royal Society, the 1971 Thomas Young Medal of the Institute of Physics, the 1979 Astronomical Society Gold medal, and the 1982 Rumford Medal of the Royal Society.
		The Rudolf Kingslake Medal and Prize is presented annually in recognition of the most noteworthy original paper to appear in SPIE's journal, Optical Engineering, on theoretical or experimental aspects of optical engineering.
	www.spie.org /web/oer/july/jul99/spiescene.html (3260 words)

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