Run length encoding

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Topic: Run length encoding

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	Run-Length Coding
		Run-length Encoding, or RLE is a technique used to reduce the size of a repeating string of characters.
		Run-length encoding is supported by most bitmap file formats such as TIFF, BMP and PCX.
		RLE cannot acheive high compression ratios compared to other compression methods, but it is easy to implement and is quick to execute.
	www.eee.bham.ac.uk /WoolleySI/All7/run_1.htm (163 words)

	Run Length Encoding (RLE) Discussion and Implementation
		The downsides to this method of encoding are that one more symbol is required for each run, and runs of length 2 take more space encoded than not encoded.
		As with my other compression implementations, my intent is to publish an easy to follow ANSI C implementation of a run length encoding (RLE) algorithm.
		RLE replaces a string of repeated symbols with a single symbol and a count (run length) indicating the number of times the symbol is repeated.
	michael.dipperstein.com /rle (912 words)

	rle2.html
		This RLE method is an extension of the simpler RLE method which I had described previously in the paper A Modified Run Length Encoding Scheme For Blocksort Transformed Data.
		The length of the original run is then calculated as 2^(N-2)+V+1 where N is the length of the encoded run and V is the value of the variable length code.
		The transform was employed only on runs of length 3 or greater where the encoded run is of length 2+((N-1)/2) and N is the length of the original run.
	www.geocities.com /m99datacompression/papers/rle2.html (1172 words)

	RLE - Run length Encoding
		For example, there is no way in the above encoding to encode strings with numbers, that is, how would one know whether the number was the length of the run or part of the string content.
		Run length encoding is used within a number of image formats, for example PNG, TIFF, and TGA.
		Run length encoding is a straightforward way of encoding data so that it takes up less space.
	astronomy.swin.edu.au /~pbourke/dataformats/rle (745 words)

	Run-Length Encoding (RLE)
		Another seldom-encountered RLE variant is a lossy run-length encoding algorithm.
		The parts of run-length encoding algorithms that differ are the decisions that are made based on the type of data being decoded (such as the length of data runs).
		In such a scheme, the seven least significant bits of the first byte hold the run count minus one, and the most significant bit of the first byte is the indicator of the type of run that follows the run count byte (shown in Figure 9-4, b).
	www.fileformat.info /mirror/egff/ch09_03.htm (2837 words)

	Two Dimensional RRLE (Rectangle/Run Length Encoding)
		Run length encoding (RLE) is a compression scheme where sequences of consecutive repeated characters, or runs, are replaced with one character and the length of the run.
		Two dimensional Rectangle/Run Length Encoding (RRLE) is an extension of RLE that allows runs with arbitrary starting points, with values running in any of eight directions (up, down, left, right, upper-right, upper-left, lower-right, and lower-left).
		With this new flexibility, longer runs which change directions can be encoded more efficiently.
	www.cs.unc.edu /~hinson/comp249 (258 words)

	Run-length encoding - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Run-length encoding (RLE) is a very simple form of data compression in which runs of data (that is, sequences in which the same data value occurs in many consecutive data elements) are stored as a single data value and count, rather than as the original run.
		Data that has long sequential runs of bytes (such as lower-quality sound samples) can be RLE compressed after Delta encoding is applied to it.
		Common formats for run-length encoded data include PackBits, PCX and ILBM.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Run-length_encoding (381 words)

	RLE (Run Length Encoding) Compression Algorithm
		Encoding: search two byte of the same value and put a value of how many byte of the same value occur again, even no more is found it is still required to put zero value indicating no more is found.
		RLE is the basic compression algorithm, it is the first compression ever invented (even though I have no prove nor document about it), as far as my research goes, RLE is patent free, which mean anyone can use it freely.
		My implemetation and source for RLE can be found in tools section, please download it and play with it, but remember in my RLE program I used the value of 4 instead of 2 (example above) as the minimum repeatition, I do this because the minimum value of 4 have a better result (normally).
	www.geocities.com /hmaxf_urlcr/rle.htm (276 words)

	The RLE compression algorithm
		Als you can see, RLE encoding is only effective if there are sequences of 4 or more repeating characters because three characters are used to conduct RLE so coding two repeating characters would even lead to an increase in file size.
		RLE is probably the easiest compression algorithm there is. It replaces sequences of the same data values within a file by a count number and a single value.
		Sometimes the implementation of RLE is adapted to the type of data that are being compressed.
	www.prepressure.com /techno/compressionrle.htm (283 words)

	79687.001228&ELEMENT_SET=DECL
		Yet another data compression system involving the encoding of data character runs is disclosed in said patent application S. In the compressor of this patent application, runs are processed by mathematically determining, from the length of the run, the respective output codes corresponding to the contiguous numerically increasing segments that exist in the run.
		The sum of the run count and the extant code of the compressor code counter is output at block 92 and at block 200 of the decompressor processing, the extant value of the decompressor code counter is subtracted from the received code to recover the run count.
		Run counts that are less than the system maximum code may, in a manner to be later explained, be processed in a manner that is represented by the Reserved Code value of 257.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=00/79687.001228&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (10325 words)

	10.2 Run Length Encoding
		Run length encoding is one of the simplest data compression techniques, taking advantage of repetitive data.
		Other image file formats that use run length encoding are RLE and GEM.
		Runs are represented with a count and the original data byte.
	www.netnam.vn /unescocourse/computervision/102.htm (564 words)

	GameDev.net - 16-bit RLE Compression
		Run Length Encoding, also known as RLE, is a method of compressing data that has a lot of "runs" of bytes (or bits) in it.
		In 8 bit version, when encoder reaches max run length, it is written out correctly, but is followed by a 1 length run of the next byte.
		A "run" is a series of bytes that are all the same.
	www.gamedev.net /reference/articles/article290.asp (535 words)

	Run-length encoding - Computing Reference - eLook.org
		A kind of compression algorithm which replaces sequences ("runs") of consecutive repeated characters (or other units of data) with a single character and the length of the run.
		This can either be applied to all input characters, including runs of length one, or a special character can be used to introduce a run-length encoded group.
		This technique is particularly useful for encoding black and white images where the data units would be single bit pixels.
	www.elook.org /computing/run-length-encoding.htm (91 words)

	RLE - Run Length Encoding
		Run Length Encoding is a lossless compression format primarily used with Windows files (BMP, PCX).
		RLE is also known as Animation, and was created specifically for compression and decompression of animation clips.
		RLE non-lossy compressions are most often used in archiving image files that cannot sustain any loss in quality.
	www.auditmypc.com /acronym/RLE.asp (236 words)

	Pointless Database - RLE (Run Length Encoding)
		RLE stands for run length encoding and is a form of data compression used primarily for storing graphic data on computers.
		RLE works by takings long strings of similar data and storing only one piece of it as well as the length of it.
		Because of the way this compression algorithm works, it is very poor for storing documents, programs, or photographs, but it works very well for storing computer screenshots because they often have long runs of pixels of the same color.
	www.thealmightyguru.com /Database/DB-RLE.html (154 words)

	02319.000113&ELEMENT_SET=DECL
		A modified zero run length encoder where the number of bits M for the word R is 3 may be implemented by a counter 410 and logic network as shown in Figure 4.
		The counter in Run Length Encoder 560 is then reset to a value 1, contemporaneous with which the MHC of the encountered non-zero value from LUTs 540 is output to compressed/encoded data 570 such that the MHC follows the structures (F, R) output by Run Length Encoder 560.
		forms a portion of the length of the run, such that the word R in the next structure value is adjacent, and specifying a structure with a flag of 0 indicating the corresponding word R is the most significant portion of the length of the run.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=00/02319.000113&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (7991 words)

	Articles - Run Length Limited
		Run length limited sequences are characterized by two parameters, (d+1) and (k+1), which stipulate the minimum (with the exception of the very first and last runlength) and maximum runlength, respectively, that may occur in the sequence.
		Run Length Limited codes, or RLL codes are widely used in hard disk drives and notably digital optical discs, such as CD, DVD and BluRay disc.
		The length of time usually expressed in channel bits between consecutive transitions 0 to 1 or 1 to 0 is known as the runlength.
	www.digital-voicerecorders.net /articles/Run_Length_Limited (280 words)

	Run-Length Encoding
		In run-length encoding, repetitive source such as a string of numbers can be represented in a compressed form, for example,
		In this case, RLE yields a compression ratio of 2:1.
		Thus, giving a compression ratio of = 9/4 : 1 which is almost 2 : 1.
	www.eee.bham.ac.uk /WoolleySI/All7/run_2.htm (80 words)

	CS 352 Fall 2003 Project Specification Part 2: Encoding and Rate Control
		As in part 1 of the project, the video data protocol packets follow the following format described in Figure 2, however, the encoding scheme for run length encoding is specified as a the ``number 2'' in 16-bit big-endian format in the encoding field.
		In the RLE encoding scheme, these pixels would be represented by a 2 byte count (2500) and a 3 byte value (255,255,255) for a total number of 5 bytes.
		However, the pixels in an RLE scheme are not sent one at a time as in part 1, rather, the RLE scheme sends pixels as a length, value pair.
	remus.rutgers.edu /cs352/F03/project/part2 (2921 words)

	Definition: run-length encoding
		run-length encoding: A redundancy-reduction technique for facsimile in which a run of consecutive picture elements having the same state (gray scale or color) is encoded into a single code word.
	www.atis.org /tg2k/_run-length_encoding.html (47 words)

	High-Tech Dictionary Definition
		(RLE).A data compression technique that substitutes a single character and a number for a run of identical characters; for example 17* would represent a run of 17 asterisks.
	www.computeruser.com /resources/dictionary/definition.html?lookup=4417 (28 words)

	Run-length Encoding
		the length of the ith run of pixels (Not dissimilar to zero length supression above).
		This encoding method is frequently applied to images (or pixels in a scan line).
		In the worst case (Random Noise) encoding is more heavy than original file: 2integer rather 1 integer if data is represented as integers.
	www.cs.cf.ac.uk /Dave/Multimedia/node205.html (64 words)

	readme
		Run-length encoding is a technique in which a sequence of identical consecutive cells are represented as a single record or object.
		For a correct encoding, you must separate sharks based on their hunger!) If you are familiar with.GIF image files (often encountered on the Web), you might be interested to know that they use run-length encoding to reduce their sizes.
		Therefore, you may not convert the run-length encoding to an Ocean object, add the fish or shark to the Ocean, and then convert back to a run-length encoding; this is much too slow.
	www.cs.berkeley.edu /~jrs/61b/hw/pj1/readme (2935 words)

	DataCompression.info - Run Length Encoding/RLE
		Run Length Encoding is a conceptually simple form of compression.
		In essence, the CMJBitset operates by run length encoding a bitset if the bitset is either almost all set/reset, but otherwise uses the STL bitset class.
		RLE consists of the process of searching for repeated runs of a single symbol in an input stream, and replacing them by a single instance of the symbol and a run count.
	datacompression.info /RLE.shtml (973 words)

	assign4.txt
		Run-Length Encoding: The file called ELEV.DAT is a raster data file of elevations for Africa.
		The following example shows the output file that would be obtained by performing run-length encoding on an input file containing 4 rows by 5 columns of cells.
		Each line in the output file should represent a "run" of cell values and should contain two numbers: a) the length of the run, measured in cells, and b) the cell value for the run.
	www.ncgia.ucsb.edu /Publications/tech-reports/91/91-14/data/four/assign4.txt (1240 words)

	run-length encoding - Glossary - CNET.com
		Run-length encoding is a compression technique that reduces file sizes, especially for black-and-white or cartoon-style line art graphics.
		The more runs there are, and the longer the run sequence, the greater the compression.
		It works by replacing "runs" of the same color with a single character.
	www.cnet.com /Resources/Info/Glossary/Terms/runlengthencoding.html (57 words)

	Run Length Encoding
		To perform run length encoding, first give the value and the length of all sequences in each row.
		)/J then gives the entropy for the entire binary image using run length coding as
		With one bit for value and three bits for length, this picture will require 36 bits to represent.
	www.marquette.edu /~matthysd/web226/L0425.htm (353 words)

	Lab 11: Loop invariants
		When run-length encoding is used, the number of consecutive 0's is counted, then the number of consecutive 1's, then 0's, and so on.
		In general, run-length encoding can offer considerable savings, and still be in ``human'' readable form.
		For example, the bitmap image above of the < symbol begins with five 0's, then two 1's, then five 0's, then two 1's, etc. The entire file is represented in compressed form using run-length encoding by the following:
	www.cs.duke.edu /courses/cps006/fall04/labs/lab11/lab.html (427 words)

	Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations
		The encoded run-length is written in two parts obtained by dividing the run length by a factor of 255.
		For data strings of 18 bytes or longer, a set offset and an encoded run-length are written to the output buffer and then a run byte is written to the output buffer.
		Longer data strings are then encoded in one of two ways depending on the length of the string.
	www.osti.gov /energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=453526&query_id=0 (269 words)

	comp.compression Frequently Asked Questions (part 1/3) - [8] What about patents on data compression algorithms?
		The second patent covers the 'invention' of limiting the run length to 16 bytes and thus the encoding of the length on 4 bits.
		The first one covers run length encoding in its most primitive form: a length byte followed by the repeated byte.
		The hashing function is also run on the string desired to be found, and the resulting hashing value is used to access the index.
	www.cd.sc.ehu.es /DOCS/mice/compression-faq/part1/faq-doc-7.html (2350 words)

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