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Topic: Runaway evolution

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	[No title]
		Runaway phenomena occur in ionized gases and plasmas when the collisional mechanisms are not strong enough to stop particles to being accelerated to arbitrary large velocities by the electric field.
		The mathematical description of runaway phenomena usually involves the Boltzmann equation, with the scattering kernel or model collision operator suitable for the physical system which is being studied.
		On a longer time scale, the runaway flux depopulates the bulk of the distribution, which deviates more and more from the stationary shape; eventually, most particles lie outside of the support of the collision frequency and the solution simply propagates along the characteristics of the collisionless system.
	dipmat.unian.it /~demeio/runaway.html (617 words)

	Talk:Artificial selection - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		I did mention female breasts as an example of runaway sexual evolution because it felt appropriate at the time, and i mentioned fake breasts as a good example of artificial selection for the mere fact that they are, and they are probably the clearest example of why the two are hard to distinguish, i.e.
		Artificial selection is a specific type of Baldwinian evolution, which itself is a specific type of Darwinian evolution.
		It primarily arises in studies of evolutionary psychology and in particular the evolution of language in humans.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:Artificial_selection (1092 words)

	“Multiply, vary, let the strongest live and the weakest die” (Darwin, 1859, pg
		His "runaway" concept applied to attractive males who have the opportunity to mate with many females therefore leaving a higher-than-average amount of their genes in the population.
		The runaway process, which Fisher envisioned, is one of the three tenants of sexual selection and the one that has the most explanatory power in relation to the evolution of the human mind capacities.
		It may be that while runaway didn’t affect the overall intelligence between males and females it may have affected the way and degree to which males females demonstrate their intelligence.
	www.u.arizona.edu /~jons/sexual.html (5750 words)

	Curriculum Vita
		Runaway OB stars are thought to be formed in two ways: cluster ejection of a member of an OB association through 3 and 4 body interactions (Leonard and Duncan 1988, 1990), or a supernova explosion in a massive binary system that leaves the surviving OB secondary with a recoil runaway velocity (Blaauw 1961).
		We were quite successful in generating a population of runaway OB stars that matched the observed Galactic population in both average velocity and in the fraction of O and B stars that are runaway.
		The effect of mass transfer evolution reduces the fraction of the system's mass that is ejected by the primary explosion which increases the fraction of surviving runaway OB stars with a compact companion.
	www.termanweb.net /cv.html (2274 words)

	[No title]
		The evolution of these traits is difficult to explain using natural selection; the tail of peacocks presumably increases their risk of predation, while the large horns of a ram are energetically expensive but serve no obvious purpose with respect to survival.
		This mode of evolution depends on the evolutionary exaggeration of a character that is genetically correlated to the mating preference.
		This is an important result, as it indicates that runaway and good gene models are not mutually exclusive, but that a good genes scenario, such as that depicted in the parasite model, may initiate a runaway process.
	ib.berkeley.edu /courses/ib160/past_papers/smyth.html (5905 words)

	Lecture2K.01.Wilson
		In the "runaway" hypothesis, the genes for the trait and preference for the trait are, or become, linked, while in the "good genes" hypothesis the trait is a signal for some other, underlying beneficial traits (Anderson, 1994).
		This approach is entirely different from that of the good gene and runaway hypotheses in which the preference and trait evolve in concert.
		Simultaneous evolution of traits and preferences for those traits (in the sense of the runaway hypothesis) seems to be obvious and intuitive.
	www.biology.ualberta.ca /courses.hp/biol606/OldLecs/Lecture2001.08.HC.html (917 words)

	the_whole_thing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Evolution of male traits is thought to have occurred in one of two ways: by male-male competition or by intersexual selection — female choice, through the use of ornaments.
		The runaway hypothesis supports a co-evolution of female preference and male traits (Fisher 1930, Arnold 1983), while the “good genes” or indicator hypothesis supports the position of the heritable male trait as a reliable indicator of genetic quality, thus tilting the direction of selection in its direction (Madsen et al.
		The evolution of indicator traits for parental quality: the role of maternal and paternal effects.
	www.sas.upenn.edu /~bmkho/indicators.html (1535 words)

	Comments
		Evolution in the past can't be established by objective scientific methodology so while it might be right and it might be reasonable--I personally believe God set things up so evolution worked--it is not scientifically--ie read without human bias--proven.
		Evolution is not a philosophical concept, it is a scientific theory.
		Evolution is a theory, not a discrete science, such as biology or geology.
	guardian.blogdrive.com /comments?id=197 (9104 words)

	Order of Randomness - Hyperlinks of a Blogged Mind
		The problem is that the evolution of big brains is so rare, so recent, so capricious, and seemingly so unrelated to the demands of habitat or econiche (Miller, 1993).
		The runaway process is a good fit to the human evolution data because it begins and ends unpredictably, without much relation to the external environment, but it is extremely powerful and directional once underway (Miller, 1993; Miller & Todd, 1993).
		The gradual evolution of language was especially important, because it allowed hominids to display complex ideas and images to one another using an increasingly complex, structured, open-ended, combinatorial system (Pinker, 1994).
	ahou.blogspot.com /2003_12_01_ahou_archive.html (952 words)

	Runaway (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Fisherian runaway Fisherian runaway refers to a model of the evolution of Ronald Fisher in 1915...
		Runaway Bay, Texas Runaway Bay is a city located in 2000 census, the city had a total population of 1,104.
		The Runaway Jury The Runaway Jury is a legal/suspense novel written by 2003 to coincide with the release of Runaway Jury...
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/runaway.html (99 words)

	APA Division 10 Web site: Articles
		This feedback loop is what is referred to as the runaway positive feedback loop, whereby both the preferred trait and the preference for it are passed on to one's offspring and both spread quickly in the population.
		In short, runaway is a positive feedback loop between selector and selectee and between signal and preference.
		The three phases of cognitive evolution are the generalized mind, the modular mind, and the cognitively fluid mind.
	www.apa.org /divisions/div10/articles/feist2.html (6817 words)

	Unsteady Gasdynamic Evolution of an Induction Domain Between a Contact Surface and a Shock Wave. I: Thermal Runaway
		The evolution to thermal runaway in a shock-compressed material driven by a contact surface is studied using high-activation energy asymptotics.
		It is demonstrated that an unsteady induction evolution terminates in thermal runaway away from the contact surface.
		This is in contrast to that of thermal runaway in an evolving piston--shock structure.
	epubs.siam.org /sam-bin/dbq/article/27630 (157 words)

	Notes for Psycholoquy synopsis of 'The mating mind'
		evolution] of various bodily structures and of certain mental qualities." He did not attempt a one-way reduction of psychology to biology, but saw psychology as a driving force in biological evolution.
		The direction of runaway is so sensitive to initial evolutionary conditions that it is very hard to predict which sexual ornaments will evolve in a lineage, but once underway, runaway will tend to increase the complexity and magnitude of the favored ornament to extremes.
		With the evolution of 'Machiavellian intelligence' (the capacity for predicting and manipulating the social behavior of conspecifics), primates would have been under selection to be socially unpredictable to their reproductive competitors (Miller, 1997).
	www.sscnet.ucla.edu /anthro/bec/papers/miller_mating_mind.htm (7311 words)

	Evolutionary Economics - A schismatic society?
		In animal species, where the female, rather than the male, is usually the decision-maker in the matter of partner choice and mating, she may decide on some quite trivial aspect of the male's appearance and behaviour which appears (unconsciously!) to be related to outstanding fitness.
		There are many examples of this including the peacock's tail, the ram's horns, etc. This may well have been the case in the human species, in which the females began to choose qualities such as intelligence, and/or dependability, and/or imagination and creativeness in the males of her group.
		This sort of species brachiation has occurred millions of times in the evolution of life on earth and there is absolutely no reason to imagine that man is somehow immune from the normal processes.
	www.evolutionary-economics.org /KSH-Postings-Econ/030.html (2079 words)

	Female Sexual Selection
		This cold have facilitated the evolution of human breasts, buttocks, and penises, which are much easier to assess than they would have been on a very hairy hominid.
		Under condiditions of "runaway sperm competition", neophilia and female promiscuity, combined with elaborated estral swellings, facilitate sperm competition within female reproductive tract around the time of ovulation, thereby increasing the likelihood of females having male offspring with large testicles, high sperm counts, and high sperm motility.
		This pattern of runaway sperm competition seems to have occured among the common chimpanzees and pygmy chimpanzees.
	www.neoteny.org /a/sexualselection.html (7215 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, Planetary Sciences: American and Soviet Research/Proceedings from the U.S.-U.S.S.R. Workshop on ...
		The result was that the velocity and mass evolution were coupled in such a way that the relative velocity of the bodies was self-regulated to remain in the proper range, i.e.
		Whether or not the runaway branch is entered depends on the physical parameters assumed for the planetesimals.
		Evolution of grains in a turbulent solar nebula.
	www.nap.edu /books/0309043336/html/98.html (5877 words)

	Ecological selection - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		For instance, one species of Pleistocene Horned Gopher left in the fossil record a series of individuals with successively longer and longer horns, that seemed to be unrelated or maladaptive to its ecological niche.
		Modern scientists theorize that the horns were useful or impressive in mating rituals among males, and that it was an example of runaway evolution.
		The species seems to have suddenly died out when horns reached approximately the body length of the animal itself, presumably because it could no longer run or evade predators - thus ecological selection ultimately trumped sexual.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ecological_selection (980 words)

	David Brin's Official Web Site: "Neoteny and Two-Way Sexual Selection in Human Evolution" (article)
		What has long escaped discussion are the second-order effects, where "runaway" sexual selection may have resulted in human traits that are as exaggerated as any bird's tail.
		In "runaway" sexual selection, the selected trait becomes more embedded and exaggerated with each passing generation, requiring the next wave of the selected sex (usually males) to compete from a new plateau, which amplifies the trait even more, and so on.
		It is not at all preposterous, then, to suppose that when runaway sexual selection occurred in human females, it took off down a path that caused the external juvenilization of women...
	www.davidbrin.com /neotenyarticle2.html (4153 words)

	Amazon.com: Books: The Imitation Factor: Evolution Beyond The Gene (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The zoological work on cultural evolution reveals strange and even amazing facts about animals no matter how large or small their brains are--indeed, some just barely have what we can call a brain.
		John Tyler Bonner's pathbreaking The Evolution of Culture in Animals (Princeton University Press 1984) is not mentioned, nor is Eva Jablonka and Marion Lamb's ambitious Epigenetic Inheritance and Evolution (Oxford University Press 1995) are not mentioned.
		Early on in the book he suggests that there might be two types of cultural evolution, that which he describes for guppies and other animals and a sort of 'runaway' cultural evolution which develops its own rules independent of genetic evolution, but he never really explains this distinction in any detail.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0684864533?v=glance (2651 words)

	Algorithm for optical emissions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The temporal evolution of optical emissions from a red sprite was described by Pasko et al., [1996] on the basis of conventional breakdown model.
		The temporal evolution of the maximum intensity of optical emissions from the simulated sprite discharge for case 1,2 is shown in Figure 1(a,b) respectively.
		Temporal evolution of the maximum intensity of optical emissions from the simulated sprite for case 1 and 2.
	www.ees.lanl.gov /EES8/weapons/grl_3487.html (2602 words)

	* Runaway - (Game): Definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		For American adventure gamers, Runaway has been a constant source of intrigue and drama, and not because of the actual content of the game...
		Yet the thing that Pokémons most ardent pundits failed to understand about the runaway success of the franchise is that it wasnt built purely on aggressive advertising or sound business strategy...
		Aside from placing it first on a runaway train, where the elongated levels are easier to move through, they've added a partner system,...
	en.mimi.hu /game/runaway.html (392 words)

	Notes for review of Meme Machine for (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		As a theoretical possibility, the idea of memetic evolution is reasonable; the question is how helpful it is in understanding human behavior and culture.
		The memetic evolution that did occur was within one individual’s brain, through a process of artificial selection in which the capricious products of human creativity were repeatedly tested against that individual’s own aesthetic and intellectual judgment, and their mental model of other people’s tastes.
		The meme machine would make a good discussion book for a graduate seminar in evolutionary theory, insofar as students could play “spot the group-selection fallacies” at this level of cultural evolution, where such fallacies are less obvious than in biology.
	www.unm.edu /~psych/faculty/memetic_evolution.htm (1644 words)

	Bugs Fighting Back in Evolutionary War On Humans?
		Many people think evolution is just a "dusty academic science" and "that the process only occurs over millions of years," he adds.
		But runaway evolution, Palumbi argues, must be slowed and the costs to society lowered.
		Slowing evolution involves anticipating the evolution of undesirable species and developing prophylactic solutions that are incorporated into policy making.
	www.personalmd.com /news/n0907060233.shtml (655 words)

	Adaptive Behavior, 8 (3/4)
		I show that runaway sexual selection is generally more likely to favor the evolution of dominant female preferences than recessive ones.
		Overall, the predictions derived from this model of runaway sexual selection are not supported by empirical data on the genetic basis of species preferences, suggesting that runaway sexual selection may not be a major force in the evolution of such preferences.
		This contribution revisits an earlier discovered observation that the average performance of a population of neural networks that are evolved to solve one task is improved by lifetime learning on a different task.
	www.isab.org.uk /journal/adap8_34.php (691 words)

	Book Review
		The section of the book that deals with genetics centres on the geneticists' favourite subject, the fruit fly, and might seem to be something of a digression; however, it is certainly fascinating in its own right.
		Critics of Darwinism sometimes claim that speciation (the production of new species in evolution) is not observed in practice and is therefore open to question.
		This is a runaway process like that which gave rise to the peacock's tail.
	www.accampbell.uklinux.net /bookreviews/r/wills.html (789 words)

	A Review of Sexual Selection and Human Evolution: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Second, sexual selection embodied Darwin's conviction that evolution was a matter of differential reproduction rather than differential survival.
		The only thing keeping runaway going is the `momentum' conferred by genetic linkage and the risk to individuals of failing to display exaggerated traits or choosy preferences given that momentum.
		Runaway is a fairly robust and pervasive force that emerges even in genetic models of indicators (Pomiankowski et al., 1991; Kirkpatrick, 1992), but it also a highly stochastic process, quite sensitive to initial conditions and therefore capable of explaining the capricious divergence of sexual ornamentation observed across species (Eberhard, 1985; Miller and Todd, 1993, 1995).
	www.unm.edu /~psych/faculty/mate_choice.htm (7526 words)

	pr-01-97.html
		Stellar evolution theory predicts that all OB stars will end their life in a supernova explosion.
		He realized that during the evolution of a close binary system, a phase of intensive mass transfer occurs, whereby matter flows from the heavier star towards its lighter companion.
		Thus, from what is known about the evolution of heavy stars in binary systems, an OB-runaway that is expelled from an OB-association by a supernova explosion should be accompanied by a compact star.
	www.eso.org /outreach/press-rel/pr-1997/pr-01-97.html (1791 words)

	[No title]
		In addition, the star formation process itself (pre-MS evolution) is thought to convert virtually all the primordial Li and Be into He (Siess et al., 2002, also see references in Weiss et al., 2000) - so a starting metallicity of Z=0 in a stellar evolution model beginning at ZAMS may not be unrealistic.
		Usually the initial metallicity used in the stellar evolution models is taken as Scaled Solar - the elements are assumed to have the same relative abundances as the Sun.
		The final outcomes of massive star evolution and its consequences are discussed in section 5.
	www.maths.monash.edu.au /~scamp/Personal-Website/popIII_files/popIII_summ_evoln.html (3926 words)

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