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Topic: Runic script

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	BabelStone : Keyboard Layouts : Runic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Runic script is clearly releated to the Latin script, as can be seen from the Runic letters for A, B, K, F, H, I, M, R, S and T, although it is believed to be derived from a North Italic script rather than Latin itself.
		As the Runic script spread, it became adapted and modified for use with the particular Germanic language of its users, and so a number of distinct Runic traditions developed, with varying numbers of letters, as few as sixteen or as many as thirty-four.
		The 75 Unicode runic letter characters are intended to represent all of the various shapes and forms of runic letters that are found in the various fuÃ¾arks and runic alphabets.
	www.babelstone.co.uk /Keyboards/Runic.html (1942 words)

	Old Hungarian script - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Hungarian Runes are probably derived from the Orkhon or Turkic Runic script, which has long roots to the Scythian, Hun, Khazar, Avar, Bulgar runic alphabets from the 5th century BCE to the 7th century CE.
		The runic script was first mentioned in the 13th century chronicle of Simon Kézai, where he stated that the Székelys and the Vlachs (Romanians) used their script.
		Several findings of this script variant is from South American archives, since the monks worked as missionaries there after being invited by the kings of Spain and Portugal to help exploring the continent.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Old_Hungarian_script (1528 words)

	Futhark - Crystalinks
		Runic writing appeared rather late in the history of writing and is clearly derived from one of the alphabets of the Mediterranean area.
		A likely theory is that the runic alphabet was developed by the Goths, a Germanic people, from the Etruscan alphabet of northern Italy and was perhaps also influenced by the Latin alphabet in the 1st or 2nd century BC.
		The Anglo-Saxon script added letters to the futhark to represent sounds of Old English that did not occur in the languages that had used the Early Germanic script.
	www.crystalinks.com /futhark.html (451 words)

	Runic alphabet - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The most likely candidates for the origins of runic scripts are the 5th to 1st century BC Northern Italic alphabets, Lepontic, Rhaetic and Venetic, all closely related to each other and themselves descended from the Old Italic alphabet.
		No distinction is made in surviving runic inscriptions between long and short vowels, although such a distinction was certainly present phonologically in the spoken languages of the time.
		Later runic finds are mainly monuments (rune stones) and often contain solemn inscriptions about people who died or performed great deeds.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Rune (3168 words)

	The Uighurs / Script
		Uighur interpreters, monks and officials knew that the literary and linguistic tradition, which ascended to the Runic obelisks on Orkhon river, was uninterrupted and continuous, irrespective of change of religion and customs, and this tradition was related to the creators of the first written texts who called their language Turkic.
		Uighur script was created on the basis of Sogdian cursive (italic) alphabet not later than the beginning of the 1st millennium.
		Script, which was used more than 700-800 years not only by the Uighurs, but also by other Turkic and non-Turkic peoples, as well as huge cultural and political influence of the Uighurs in Central Asia fell into decay with arrival of Islam into the region.
	the_uighurs.tripod.com /Scrpt.htm (2015 words)

	Runic alphabets / Runes / Futhark
		Runic writing was probably first used in southern Europe and was carried north by Germanic tribes.
		The Runic alphabet is thought to have been modelled on the Latin and/or Etruscan alphabet.
		Runic inscriptions have been found throughout Europe from the Balkans to Germany, Scandinavia and the British Isles.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/runic.htm (848 words)

	The Use of Runes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The second runic introduction was the result of Viking attacks and settlement that occurred from about the end of the 8th century onwards.
		The runic alphabet is known as a futhark or futhorc, this is because the first 6 runic characters of each alphabet make up the very word futhark or futhorc.
		Although all runes and their scripts are from the same source, over time and through the centuries slight differences occurred, and not just in relation to the differing languages of the Germanic people, but more so in relation to the amount of runic characters used.
	www.homestead.com /englishheathenism/textuseofrunes.html (979 words)

	1. The Runic Mysteries
		When Wulfila translated the New Testament from Greek into Gothic, using his newly created script, he translated the word "musterion," or mystery, of Mark 4:11 as "runa." We also see that this meaning of mystery or secret was adopted, by loan, in the Insular Celtic tongues, into which we shall digress for a short moment.
		We see the word for runic character in Runic Old Norse as "runar," Old Icelandic and Faroese as "run," Swedish as "runa," Danish and Norwegian as "runa" and in Middle High German and Anglo-Saxon as "run." This is the same word seen earlier as also meaning mystery.
		This is generally taken by many to be saying that Odin discovered the runic script, but it seems more likely to be referring to the verses of mystery, or as we should say, charms or spells.
	www.panikon.com /phurba/articles/lang/runic.html (1446 words)

	The Ancient Hungarian Runic: The Rovás
		He wrote: "...the Székelys (the Magyars of the Eastern Transylvania), who are the remnants of the Huns (Zakuli Hunnorum sunt residui), won a portion in the frontiers of the mountains together with Blaks, and by fusing together with them, as they say, used their letters as well...".
		Today we see, that the rovás script, as a carrier of an ancient culture, occurs in the whole area of the Carpathian Basin, and even outside, where the Hun ancestors once lived.
		The most frequent places, oddly are the Christian churches, despite of a fact, that with the arrival of Christianity, the church spread the Latin language and script, and discouraged the use of the runes.
	users.tpg.com.au /etr/rovas/hurov.html (639 words)

	The Hungarian Quarterly, VOLUME XLI * No. 157 * Spring 2000 - István Riba
		The two major survivals of Avar-age runic script are an inscription on an object which is part of the Nagyszentmiklós (Gross Sankt Nikolaus/San Nicolae) Treasure and incisions on a pin-case which turned up near Szarvas.
		Referring to the fact that so far Székely runic script inscriptions had only be found in Székely inhabited territory, this new inscription, according to Vékony, may well mean that Hungarian speaking Székely lived in Transdanubia as early as the 10th century.
		The runic inscription in that is Turkic, and not Székely.
	www.hungarianquarterly.com /no157/080.html (2085 words)

	Runic Alphabets (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Runes are also called Futhark, which actually is an analogue to our "alphabet", in that f, u, th, a, r, and k are the first 6 Runic letters, while alpha and beta are the first 2 Greek letters.
		For the next thousand years it was used in Germany, Scandinavia, England, and Lowlands, and only in late Middle Ages it was replaced by the Roman script everywhere in Northern Europe.
		Runes usually were inscribed on metal, stone or wood boards, this is the reason for their strange sharp forms.
	indoeuro.bizland.com /project/script/runic.html (515 words)

	Rune Gild: Swedish Rune Stones by Philip Quadrio
		Their unique script, known as runic, was seen as a source of mystical power and was believed to be derived from the Gods, indicating a recognition and reverence for the power of language.
		Whether the originator of the runic script was one individual or a group, access to a model on which the script could be based would have been essential
		The 24 character runic script appears, quite abruptly in a fully developed, although some runes show a continuity with earlier pictographic art many do not.
	www.runegild.org /pq_swedish_rune.html (3753 words)

	[No title]
		The other important evidences of from the Carpathian Basin runic scripts are the by Torma Zsófia found pottery pieces and clay discs, in 1857, 20Km from Tatárlaka near Tordos, Transylvania.
		Script is part of the writing style that evolved from the Egyptian and the Mesopotamian Sumerian hieroglyphics.
		The scene of the scripted memory is the messengers palace in Istanbul.
	www.atti.info /runics.htm (4787 words)

	Runic Academia
		Since none of the elder runic inscriptions is completely free of interpretative difficulty a great part of attention is given to the runic corpus itself, to its formal interpretation, analysis, classification and especially to the runic formulas.
		This particular book emphasizes that dates written in the runic inscriptions were hidden in the form of complex puzzles by clergymen as a form of entertainment or jest.
		Odenstedt claims that the Latin script was brought to the north by Scandinavian warriors who had served in the Roman Army which is not impossible, of course, although the onomastic evidence we have from the times before the Migration Age doesn't make this too likely.
	home.ica.net /~runesmith/bibliogr/acad.html (3888 words)

	Historical Alphabets
		The Meroïtic script was used in the Kingdom of Kush, from the 2nd century BCE onwards until the 5th century CE, in an area of the Nile Valley stretching from Philae in Nubia to near Khartoum in Sudan.
		Arabic, Hebrew, Latin, and Greek scripts are all descended from Phoenician.
		They left over two hundred inscriptions in their distinctive script, which is very obviously related to the Etruscan script and ultimately derived from the Greek model.
	www.seansgallery.com /pages/h_alphabets.htm (2019 words)

	Simplified Spelling Society : Spelling system mixes. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The need to innovate and to mix different scripts is not only the result of the phonetic shape of a given language, but also due to the pressure on a political entity to have a script of their own, in order not to get confused with other groups.
		The fact that the Greek alphabet derives from an earlier Semitic script is uncontested, the exact source(s) of the Greek alphabet are however controversial.
		Miller (ibid.) also writes that the phonetic parameters on which the runic alphabet is based are ultimately clearly Semitic and links them to the scripts of Byblos and Ugarit as well as the Phoenician alphabet.
	www.spellingsociety.org /journals/j31/mixes.php (2636 words)

	Vestvågøy Theme 6 of Travels in Time
		This alphabet is one version of the futhark script, which varied from time to time, and from place to place.
		As a script for writing on wood or stone, futhark resembles the ancient Irish writing-system of ogham, also with a Latin inspiration but very different to look at.
		The name of the script - futhark - comes from the first six letters of the alphabet above, but it is also called 'runic script' or 'runes'.
	www.travels-in-time.net /e/norway06arteng.htm (476 words)

	Sorting the letter ÞORN
		The Runic script, or Fuþark, is thought by some scholars also to have been derived from the Etruscan, via the Alpine scripts (Lepontic, Rhaetic, and Venetic) which were current between the 3rd and 1st centuries BCE.
		Common Germanic Runic or Older Fuþark was in general use between the 1st and 8th centuries; Nordic Runic, or the Younger Fuþąrk, was in very wide use between the 9th and 12th centuries.
		The Gothic script was derived by Wulfila from the Greek, with the influence of the Germanic fuþark (already in use by the Goths) and the Latin alphabet.
	www.evertype.com /standards/wynnyogh/thorn.html (4833 words)

	Hungarian Protohistory Series
		This is the first study, however, carrying out a critical edition of the Székely Runic script that claims to meet modern scholarly standards.
		The Székely Runic script would be the key to the hitherto underciphered Eastern European (Avar, Khazar, etc.) Runic scripts.
		Irén Juhász reported a Runic script found on a large strap end that was discovered in a late Avar grave in Szarvas (County Békés, Hungary).
	www.arts.u-szeged.hu /chronica/baloghl.htm (4303 words)

	Write your message in Rune (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In use from the 2nd century BCE to the 17th century CE, runic writing was probably derived from one of the ancient alphabets of the Mediterranean area.
		As an alphabet system, there are at least three main varieties of runic script: Germanic runes used in northern Europe before 800 CE Anglo-Saxon, used in Britain from the 5th to the 13th century CE and Nordic, used from the 8th to the 17th century CE in Scandinavia and Iceland.
		Since the Nordic peoples believed the runic script to be a gift from the mighty Odin, they treated it with great reverence, assuming that the runes possessed divine, magical powers.
	www.ejeweler.com /runename.html (642 words)

	Maeshowe's Runes - Viking Graffiti
		Inside, while waiting for the fury of the storm to abate, they were among the many Norsemen who left evidence of their presence that remained carved in stone for centuries.
		The 19th century archaeologists found the walls of the stone age tomb lined with runic graffiti.
		Either heading to the Holy Land on a crusade, or having just returned from one, the Crusaders spent their time in Orkahaugr carving their runes into all four walls of the howe.
	www.orkneyjar.com /history/maeshowe/maeshrunes.htm (561 words)

	Roman Script and the Function of the Futhorc in Anglo-Saxon England
		Runic inscriptions on monuments, often found in combination with Roman letters, are especially useful for studying regional variations in the use and structure of the
		In “The First Dialogue of Solomon and Saturn,” the runic forms of the letters in the Lord’s Prayer are personified as warriors that attack the devil.
		Common hypotheses include the alignment of runes with the pagan and the vernacular, while corollary associations are made between Roman script, Christianity, Latin, and contemporary continental influence.
	www.chass.utoronto.ca /~cpercy/courses/6361green.htm (1123 words)

	Viking Answer Lady Webpage - Runes and Writing
		You have fallen prey to a common misconception, that the runic alphabet was commonly used for writing such documents as awards and charters.
		Several runic "business memos" have also been discovered in Bergen, usually on a wooden stick which has been whittled flat on at least one side, with the most usual type having four flat sides for inscription.
		Documentary script differs from book script by the use of long ascenders and descenders and the looping decoration of minims and abbreviation signs.
	www.vikinganswerlady.com /callig.shtml (3087 words)

	Orjan Svensson Findings on the Lost Ten Tribes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Runic Script of Scandinavia written in Hebrew Language In Scandinavia, England, and elsewhere they once used the runic script.
		The runic alphabet was derived in part from the Ancient Hebrew Alphabet.
		Some of the earliest runic inscriptions are to be found in Bleking in southeast Sweden.
	www.britam.org /orjan.html (107 words)

	Ancient Scripts: Ogham
		The Ogham script recorded the earliest Old Irish texts dating between the 3rd and the 6th century CE.
		The ordering of the letters is a mystery, as it does not correspond to neither Roman nor runic letter orders.
		For instance, the fourth group contains all vowels, and the vowels are arranged according to their position in the mouth.
	www.ancientscripts.com /ogham.html (395 words)

	[No title]
		Background ------------- WG2 accepted the number and shapes of the Runic characters in the revised proposal for including the Runic script into ISO/IEC 10646, which was presented at the meeting in Copenhagen on 25 April 1996.
		The Runic punctuation is unique to the Runic script and no benefit is obtained by the proposed unifications.
		A person coding Runic text usually works within one of the systems and may be less well informed about the details of some of the other systems.
	anubis.dkuug.dk /JTC1/SC2/WG2/docs/N1417.txt (1684 words)

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